GIARDIA LAMBLIAKELSEY GUSTAFSON AND EMILY THOLEN

TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATIONKingdom: Protista

Subkingdom: Protozoa

Phylum: Sarcomastigorphora

Subphylum: Mastigophora

Class: Zoomastigophora

Order: Diplomonadida

Family: Hexamitidae

Other names: traveler’s diarrhea, giardiasis, beaver fever, Giardia duodenalis, or Giardia Intestinalis

GEOGRAPHY/HOSTS

-Found world wide

Definitive hosts: Humans, other mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles

Intermediate hosts: none

MORPHOLOGICAL FORMS

Cyst

Trophozoites

- Very tough outer shell

- Allows for transmission of

the parasite in the

environment

-Non- reproductive form

- The form while in the

Host

- The reproductive form

ANATOMY

Eukaryote

-Unicellular

- contains 2 nucleus and nuclear membrane, cytoskeleton and endomembrane system

- lacks typical eukaryote organelles

Looks like…

LOCOMOTION

Flagella

-4 pairs

Ventral Disk

-attachment to small intestines

METABOLISM

-Anaerobic

-Relies on fermentative metabolism

-Lives off of nutrients while in the small intestines

REPRODUCTION-Asexual

-Binary fission

LIFE CYCLE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rExzXCI17ZE&feature=fvst

INFECTION/CLINICAL SIGNS

Sites of infection:

-predominantly duodenum and jejunum (small intestine)

Pathogenesis:

-diarrhea -gas/flatulence

-greasy stool that can float -dehydration

-upset stomach -nausea

(these symptoms may lead to weight loss)

Note: some people may experience no symptoms

INFECTION/ CLINICAL SIGNS

-Symptoms begin around 1 week after ingestion of cyst’s

-Symptoms can last from 1 to 2 weeks

-Chronic cases can last from months to years

Interesting Fact:

-lactose intolerance can be observed while infected

-20-40% of patients experience lactose intolerance which may be confused with drug resistance or reinfection

-less than 4% of people remain infected after Giardia is gone

DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT

Diagnosis: stool samples

Treatment:

-prescription drugs

-Metronidazole -Tinidazole

-Nitazoxanide -Paromomycin

-Quinacrine -Furazolidone

-drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration

CONTROL MEASURES

Giardia can be acquired in many different ways

-boiling water, filters, chemical disinfectants (such as iodine),

-cooking, washing, or peeling (for fruits) food

-safe sex, good hygiene (like hand washing before meals), and keeping mouth closed while swimming

PUBLIC HEALTH

-1/3 of people in developing countries

-most common intestinal parasite in U.S.

-as little as 10 cysts are needed

-infection rates go up in summer

REVIEW Why would Giardia have to be anaerobic?

What are the morphological forms?

How many flagella do they have?

Where do they reproduce?

What are some ways to prevent Giardia?

Where is Giardia the most prevalent?

SOURCEShttp://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/wsm_dwm/FPPE/MPA.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/gen_info/faqs.html

http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/epi.html

http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/giardia/treatment.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372844/pdf/microrev00035-0174.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88984/

http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Giardiasis/lifecycle.htm

http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehsphl/factsheet/giardia.htm

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/giardiainfections.html

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/giardia-infection/DS00739/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/giardia-infection/DS00739/DSECTION=prevention

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88965/

http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepathogensnaturaltoxins/badbugbook/ucm070716.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7889/#A4202