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1040-2519/97/0601-0431$08.00 431 HEDDEN & KAMIYA GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS  Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Pl ant Mol. Biol. 1997 . 48:431–60 Copyright © 1997 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserve d GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS: Enzyme s, Genes and Their Regulation Peter Hedden IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultu ral Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS18 9AF, United Kingdom Yuji Kamiya Frontier Research Program, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan KEY WORDS: terpene cyclases, monooxygenases, 2-oxoglutarat e-dependent dioxygena ses, feedback, light and temperature regulation ABSTRACT The rec ent impressive pro gress in res ear ch on gib berell in (GA) bio synthesis ha s resulted primarily from cloning of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and studies with GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants. Highlights include the clonin g of ent -cop alyl diph osph ate synt hase and ent -kau rene syn thase (for mally ent -ka ure ne synthases A and B) and the demon str ationthat the former is tar ge ted to the plastid; the finding that t he Dwarf-3 gene of maize encodes a cytochrome P450, although of unknown function; and the cloning of GA 20-oxidase and 3β-hydroxylase genes. The availability of cDNA and genomic clones for these enzy mes is enabl ing the mech anis ms by which GA conc entratio ns are regu lated by environmental and endogeno us factors to be studied at the molecular level. For example, it has been shown that transcript levels for GA 20-oxidase and 3β-hydrox yla se are subjec t to fee dbackregulation by GAaction and , in the cas e of the GA 20-oxidase, are regulated by light. Also discussed is other new informatio n, particularly from mutants, that has added to our understan ding of the biosynthetic pathway, the enzymes, and their regulation and tissue localiza- tion.

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