Gilded Age & Progressive Movement

American History SOL Review

“Prices and wages should be determined by the marketplace.” The author of this statement would most probably support

A. government ownership of utilities

B. minimum-wage laws C. wage and price controls D. laissez-faire capitalism

After the Civil War, one way business leaders tried to eliminate competition was by

A. forming monopolies or trusts B. developing overseas markets C. increasing the prices of their

products D. paying high wages to their workers

In the United States, organized labor made its greatest membership gains when

A. the right to unionize and bargain collectively was guaranteed by legislation

B. international competition began to threaten jobs in the United States

C. the major business groups encouraged unionization

D. the economy began to shift from manufacturing to service employment

In the United States, the main purpose of antitrust legislation is to

A. protect the environment B. increase competition in business C. encourage the growth of

monopolies D. strengthen the rights of workers

The Federal Trade Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and the Federal Communications Commission are similar in that each

A. represents the interests of big business B. is specifically provided for in the United

States Constitution C. has the power to formulate and enforce

regulations D. must get approval from the states to

carry out national laws

In response to the demands of farmers and small business owners, Congress enacted laws in the late 19th century that

A. supported the organization of farm cooperatives

B. regulated the activities of railroads and trusts

C. provided direct payments to farmers to help them buy modem machinery

D. dropped tariff rates to the lowest point in the century

Nativism in the late 19th century was motivated primarily by

A. hostility toward immigrant workers B. the need to reduce overcrowding in

western states C. cultural conflicts with Native

American Indians D. the migration of African Americans

to northern cities

The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Social Security Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are examples of

A. Federal laws designed to protect consumers from unsafe products

B. the Federal Government’s response to changes in the economy

C. Federal laws designed to control spending

D. the Federal Government’s attempts to regulate big business

Which term best describes United States economic policy during the era of the rise of big business (1865-1900)?

A. laissez-faire capitalism B. mercantilism C. Marxism D. welfare-state capitalism

The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to

A. eliminate unfair business practices

B. reduce imports from foreign nations

C. reduce the power of the unions D. increase the power of local

governments

From 1865 to 1900, how did the growth of industry affect American society?

A. The United States experienced the disappearance of the traditional

B. Population centers shifted from the Northeast to the South

C. Restrictions on immigration created a more homogeneous culture.

D. The percentage of Americans living in urban areas increased.

Prior to 1880, the number of immigrants to the United States was not restricted mainly because

A. industry owners wanted cheap labor

B. the nations of Europe discouraged emigration

C. the United States birthrate was increasing

D. Congress lacked the power to limit immigration

Laws requiring individuals to pass civil service examinations to obtain government jobs were enacted to

A. eliminate patronage and corruption in government hiring

B. allow the government to compete with private industry for employees

C. support the development of public employee labor unions

D. encourage the growth of local political parties

During the period from 1865 to 1900, disputes between labor and management were often marked by

A. the use of violence by both sides

B. cooperative efforts to resolve differences

C. government support of striking workers

D. arbitration by the Federal Government

One way in which the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the National Origins Act were similar is that all were expressions of

A. imperialism B. nativism C. militarism D. Manifest Destiny

The main purpose of this 1886 poster was to

A.oppose immigrants who took jobs from American workers

B.support nativist calls for limitations on labor unions

C.organize a protest against acts of police brutality against workers

D.show support for police actions against foreign revolutionaries

Which factor most influenced the growth of the United States economy between 1865 and 1900?

A. development of the sharecropping system

B. success of organized labor C. governmental policy of laissez

faire D. restrictions on immigration

“Labor Leaders Executed for Causing Haymarket Riot” “State Militia Called In To End Homestead Strike” “1,000 Jailed as Silver Miners Protest Wage Cuts” Which statement about labor unions in the late 1800s is illustrated by these headlines?

A. Strikes by labor unions usually gained public support.

B. The government frequently opposed labor union activities.

C. Labor union demands were usually met. D. Arbitration was commonly used to end

labor unrest.

The term business monopoly can best be described as

A. the most common form of business in the United States

B. government control of the means of production

C. an agreement between partners to manage a corporation

D. a company that controls or dominates an industry

During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in the movement to

A. stop racial segregation of Native American Indians

B. limit illegal immigration C. gain fair treatment of Native

American Indians D. improve working conditions

President Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal and President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society were similar in that both

A. returned control of social welfare programs to the states

B. relied on individual initiative to improve the economy

C. were supported by Congress over the objections of the majority of state governments

D. increased the role of the Federal Government in dealing with social and economic problems

An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to

A. guarantee government jobs for the unemployed

B. stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum

C. create a unicameral national legislature

D. increase the participation of African Americans in the Federal Government

Congress has attempted to deal with the issue of taxing citizens fairly by enacting a

A. high tariff B. property tax C. sales tax D. graduated income tax

The abolitionist movement, the women’s suffrage movement, and the 1960’s civil rights movement are all examples of reform efforts that

A. succeeded without causing major controversy

B. developed significant popular support

C. achieved their goals without government action

D. failed to affect the nation as a whole

A main purpose of President Theodore Roosevelt’s trustbusting policies was to

A. reduce corruption in government

B. save the nation’s banks C. encourage competition in

business D. end strikes by labor unions

Since 1913, the United States banking system, interest rates, and the amount of money in circulation have largely been controlled by the

A. United States Supreme Court B. Federal Reserve System C. Federal Deposit Insurance

Corporation D. President’s Council of Economic

Advisors

During which period in United States history were the amendments concerning the income tax, direct election of Senators. Prohibition, and women’s suffrage enacted?

A. Reconstruction B. The Gilded Age C. Progressive Era D. New Deal

The initiative, referendum, recall, and direct primary are all intended to

A. make the President more responsive to the wishes of Congress

B. reduce the influence of the media on elections

C. give political parties more control of the electoral process

D. increase participation in government by citizens

Which event of the early 1900’s is evidence that Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle had an important impact on the United States?

A. adoption of reforms in public education

B. passage of legislation limiting immigration

C. adoption of the 18th amendment establishing Prohibition

D. passage of legislation requiring Federal inspection of meat

A major purpose of the Federal Reserve System is to

A. deal with the trade deficit through tariffs and quotas

B. control the minimum wage C. establish the Federal budget D. regulate interest rates and the

money supply

A major goal of reformers during the Progressive Era was to

A. end segregation in the South B. correct the abuses of big

business C. limit immigration from Latin

America D. enact high tariffs to help

domestic industry grow

A belief shared by Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson is that the Federal Government should

A. allow the free-enterprise system to work without regulation

B. use its power to regulate unfair business practices

C. provide jobs for unemployed workers

D. support unions in labor-management disputes

The purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), and the Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) was to

A. eliminate unfair business practices B. reduce imports from foreign nations C. reduce the power of the unions D. increase the power of local governments

One idea that both Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois supported is that

A. African Americans should have increased civil rights

B. vocational training was the best approach to education

C. immigration was responsible for racial segregation

D. Jim Crow laws were needed to help African Americans