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Jaipur Institute of Engineering & TechnologyA Seminar PresentationOnNuclear Fuel and Generation of Electric PowerSubmitted To:Mr.Anil AgarwalHODDept. Of Mechanical Engineering JIET

Submitted By:Girdhari Lal SainiRoll no. 11ejame0337th SemMechanical EngineeringJIET2014-2015

Why Nuclear Energy

Overview of NPP.

A bit about RAPS.

Generation of Nuclear Energy

Topics CoveredWhy nuclear energy? Eco Friendly

Nuclear fuel is highly dense Improves quality of living

India have got enough deposits of nuclear fuel

Nuclear power is completely eco friendly Negligible emission of green house gases.

Very small waste is produced that too is in concentrated form.

The byproduct from on stage of reactor can be used by the successive stage one.Nuclear fuel is highly dense1 Kg of fuelElectricity Produced Firewood1 Kilo watt Coal3 Kilo Watt Oil4 Kilo Watt Natural uranium50,000 Kilo Watt Plutonium6 crore Kilo wattIndia have got enough deposits of Nuclear FuelURANIUM India has an estimated 1.07 lakh tons of identified raw uranium reserves.

The mineral is mostly found in the form of triuranium octaoxide (U3O8).

A majority of the resources are found in the uranium provinces of Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Mahadek (Meghalaya) and Kadapa (Andhra Pradesh).

THORIUM India has more than 360 000 tons of high quality thorium deposits.

Monazite is the chief source of thorium in the world.

India possesses the largest deposits of monazite in the world.

In India monazite is found in the coastal tracts of Cuttak and Ganjam distrats of Orissa.

In Andhra Pradesh thick limonite and monazite placers are found around Vishakhapatnam and Bhimunipatnam.

THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

8Nuclear Fission When a neutron strikes an atom of uranium, the uranium splits into two lighter atoms and releases heat simultaneously.

Fission of heavy elements is an exothermic reaction which releases large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments.Nuclear Fuel Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy. Nuclear FuelFissile Materials(U235, Pu239)Fertile Materials(Th232, U238) Natural Uranium consists of 0.7% U235 and 99.3% of U238.

NUCLEAR FUEL COMPLEXNuclear Fuel Bundle

Calandria model - front view

Nuclear Chain Reactions A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce an additional fission and at least one further nucleus. This nucleus in turn produces neutrons, and the process repeats. If the process is controlled it is used for nuclear power or if uncontrolled it is used for nuclear weapons.Nuclear Reactions92U238 + 0n1 92U239 + r 93Np239 94Pu239Typical fission reaction: 92U235 + 0n1 38Sr90 + 54Xe144 + 2 0n1 + r + 200MeVReactor poisoning reaction: 52Te 135 53I135 54Xe135 55Cs135 56Ba135 (Stable)About 200MeV of energy is released during per fission.

U23592n 1 0The Fission ProcessA neutron travels at high speed towards a uranium-235 nucleus.U23592n 1 0The neutron strikes the nucleus which then captures the neutron.The Fission ProcessU23692The nucleus changes from being uranium-235 to uranium-236 as it has captured a neutron.The Fission ProcessThe uranium-236 nucleus formed is very unstable. It transforms into an elongated shape for a short time.The Fission ProcessIt then splits into 2 fission fragments and releases neutrons.The Fission Process14156Ba 9236Krn 1 0n 1 0n 1 0

CALANDRIA - INSIDE VIEW

22 A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.

India have 3-stage program.1st stage PHWR(Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)2nd stage Fast Breeder Reactor3rd stage AHWR(Advanced Heavy Water Reactor)Nuclear ReactorBoiling Water Reactor (BWR)

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)

Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR)

Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor

Fast-Breeder Reactor Power reactors employed in nuclear power plants are:Control Rods Steam GeneratorsSteam TurbineCoolant PumpFeed PumpCondenserCooling Tower

Parts used in NPP

High pressure turbine rotorLow pressure turbine rotorSteam is expanded in turbine nozzle.In this partial expansion takes place in the nozzle. Pressure on the two sides of moving blades are same.There is difference in pressure on the two sides of moving blades.RAWATBHATA RAJASTHAN SITE

CAPACITY OF OPERATING UNITSUNIT/CAPACITYRATED CAPACITY MWeOPERATING CAPACITY MWe*RAPS-1

220150RAPS 2

220200RAPS 3220220RAPS 4220220*Under Long Shutdown

RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION 1 &229 RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION 3 & 4

30 RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION 5 & 6

31RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER PROJECT 7&8

l l l l l IN OPERATION n n n UNDER CONSTRUCTION KUDANKULAM NARORA RAJASTHANKAKRAPARTARAPURKAIGAMADRASn l Indian NPPs

RAPS-1&2TAPS-1&2MAPS-1&2NAPS-1&2RAPP-3/4KAIGA-1/2

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KGS-1&2&3RAPS-3&4RAPS-5&6

TAPS-3&4

RAPP-7&8-THANK YOU

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