. :
. :
. : gps
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. :
- 1 1428
.
. . [email protected] :
6
2 5 6 10
www.gisclub.net :
16 20 24
.
. [email protected] : : :
:
3 Arc GIS googleearth
( ) .
.
.
[email protected]
:
GPS GIS
25
17
8
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. . . . . . www.alwatan.com.kw :
. . www.spa.gov.sa :
. ( )GIS .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. GIS . . . : GIS . www.alqabas.com.kw: . . ! . . . . GIS . . (
) . GIS 100 . GIS GIS
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. 1973 . www.alwatan.com.kw:
.
6 ()6 .
( ) 14 17 ( ) . . . . . . . business.maktoob.com :
()GPS ( )GPS . 1429 ( )G.I.S ()GPS ( )500. . www.alriyadh.com :
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
13 14 / 15 16 . . . / 2002 . . .
( ) 1429/4 /3-1 2008 /4/8 -7 .
. : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 / 11 12
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. : ( )... - . . . . . . . . . .
()
.
. : . . . - .
: ():
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
()Virtual Tours .
:
: . -
.
.
. .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
ESRI MapInfo Geomedia
.
SuperMap GIS .Technologies Inc . . . . - - 2008
www.gisclub.com
SuperMap ++C Delphi #C ++Visual C.Visual Basic.Net SuperMap
SuperMap :SuperMapSuperMap
SuperMap Express SuperMap Deskpro +SuperMap SDX SuperMap IS.Net
SuperMap . SuperMap Express . . SuperMap Open Geospatial Consortium
GML Metadata . SuperMap www.supermap.com .
SuperMap
Express . .
+SuperMap SDX SuperMap Deskpro Oracle SQL Server .Sybase .
SuperMap IS.Net . . SuperMap .
SuperMap GIS . SuperMap Viewer download.asp SuperMap GIS .
http://www.supermap.com/downloadcenter/
SuperMap Express . .Overlay
SuperMap Deskpro
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
.
. ( ). . .... ....... . . .
. . ( )Photogrammetry ( )Remote Sensing . . . . . .
( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
10
. ( ) . . . . . ... . . . . . . .
. .... . : . . - . . . . .
. . . . : .... . . : . . .
11
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. : : : . GIS Geomedia Pro ArcGIS .Interoperability . : ... ...
( ) . . : . ... .
. : . . - - . . . : . GeoMedia Pro GIS ArcGIS ArcGIS . : . . . :
. .
: . : . . . . . . .... . : . . . . . . : . - - 2008
www.gisclub.com
12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
: . .
: . . 1408 . : : . - . . . ( )Geomatics . .
. . . .
13
. .... . (Temporal
:
)Information Systems, TIS (Spatial Information Systems, .)SIS .
. . . . : : (Visual )Interpretation : (System .)Interpretation . .
. . . .
: . . . . ( ) . . . . .
. . . .... . . . . . :.
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
14
. 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 . 0.6 0.7 ( ) (0.7 ) . . ( )False color . . (
)Normal color films . : ( Blue)( Green ,)Red , () ( Infrared , ).
.
MSS TM . ( ) . . : . . : . . . . . . ( )
. . . . . . . . . ( , )Photo ( )Image . . Stereo-image
Mono-image Single Image image Photo .
15
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
" - - - SCJA - SCJP - SCJD from Sun Microsystems CMA - CMDEV
from MySQL AB
[email protected] www.emaps-egypt.com
2007
2004 2003 2003 2000 - 2005 2006 Linux 2003
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
16
SPATIAL DATA RELATIONSHIPS . - [email protected]
. . - .Arc/Node Model () Arc .Node vertices Line segments .Node
. . . Polygon .
. Feature labels Primary Keys .DBMS Attribute Record . . . : . .
TOPOLOGY .
. - - . . .Topology : ( Topological Data Model ). Vector Data .
Relational Structure
17
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
- - ( ) Logical Model .Physical Model . ). : CAD Spaghetti .CAD
: Static . ArcGIS : . 2000 . . . . ArcGIS .
. : . : . Contiguity or Adjacency touch-one-another Proximity
near-one-another .Buffering Spatial Analysis . - Topological
definition ( . .
Format . ( ) . . . . . . . Edges Faces . . . - - 2008
www.gisclub.com
18
-2 -3 . . . Least-cost path .analysis GIS Introduction by David
J. Buckey, February 1997
http://cpu.uwc.ac.za/GIS-primer/page_22.htm
.Vector
DBMS
:Database Links . . . : -1
. . Referential Integrity Spatial Data . : : -1 -2 -3 ( ) . ( )
. . : -1 Adjacency -2 Connectivity -3 Containment Polygon
Definition .Islands ( )1 . - Arcs ArcInfo .
:1 . . : ) A B ) )
19
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
-3 .Google Earth
3-1 Google Earth Arc GIS
Google
:
-4 Google Earth
.Arc GIS
Earth Arc GIS KMLER http://xbbster.googlepages.com/kmler . -1
Google Earth ( ) .%100
-5 Arc GIS set view in GE () Arc GIS Google Earth get view from
GE Google EarthArc GIS .
-2 Arc GIS import screen kml
. Google Earth
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
20
3-2 shape file ( ) Google Earth Arc GIS -3 . : shape file point
( )x,y,z Arc GIS Google Earth . : -1 Google Earth Terrain ( ) Tools
.Options
-4 ( intervals ) ok .Google Earth
-5 ( ) shape file ()Decimal Degrees UTM-WGS84 .
-2 Arc GIS kml get points from
terrain .
21
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
-8 Shape file .
Arc ToolBox Data
-6 close
Management Tools Projection & Transformation .Project .
-9 x & y .
-10 ( )X & Y & Z .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
22
-3 ( TIN ) . -4 3D Analyst surface
3-3 Google Earth Arc GIS: . Google Earth : -1 ( )TIN 3D Analyst
3D Analyst create/modify tin .create tin from features
analysis .contour
-5 input surface ( )3 contour interval ( 10) output features
.ok
-6 10 40 870.
-2 layer ( ) z height source ( ) z ( ) output tin .ok
23
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
. ( )Object-Oriented Gis-oogis . . . Arc Info .Arc GIS . .
. .
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
24
GPS
GIS
GPS
. GIS GPS . GPS . GPS .
. - -
25
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
()3
:1 ( )3 : . ( ) . . : 24 : ( ) .%50 ( ) . . ( )3-2-1 . ( :)1 (
)1 : 24 ( )20000 12. 6 4 ( .)2
-1 ( ) . . . . Global Positioning System . GPS . -2 GPS
( )2 : ( )3 :2 GPS . - - 2008 www.gisclub.com
26
( :)3 Navigational Receivers
Hand-Held Receivers ( 3000-300 ) . Geodetic Receivers ( ) (
30000 ) . -5 GPS ( ) . . . .
. . -3 GPS : Single Point Positioning SPP () . Precise Point
Positioning PPS . . -4 GPS
:2 . 100 . ( ) 100 . Selective Availability .SA 2001. 1 2000 SA
. - - 22 . ( ) 22 . - SA
27
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
%50 .
: : [ ]1 1423 . ____________ [ ]2 1997 GPS
http://members.chello.at/ hamoui .2006 ____________ [ ]3 1426
http://cdd.gotevot.edu.sa/institute/ /books/supevision/3 .2006
:[Dawod, G., 2006, New strategies ]4 in the utilization of GPS
technology for mapping and GIS activities in Egypt, .Submitted to
CERM magazine
. ( 5 ) . %90 . . ( Spatial Resolution ) . . 50000 : 1 25 .
.
- . Ionospheric and Tropospheric.effects
[Milbert, Dennis, 2001, Accuracy of ]5 hand-held GPS receivers
after SA off, http://mywebpages.comcast.net/dmilbert/
handacc/accur.htm, Accessed August .2006
____________
-6 GPS GIS [ ]8-7-6-5 8 . []4 32 - 1.9 7.9 5.2 . %75 6.0 .
[Rizos, C., and Satirapod, C., 2001, ]6 GPS with SA off: How
good is it? Part 2, .21-Measure and Map, No. 12, pp. 19
____________
[Ruppercht, Wolfgang, 2001, Post SA ]7 accuracy measurements,
http://www. wsrcc.com/wolfgang/gps/accuracy.html, .Accessed August
2006
____________
____________comparison with and without SA, http://
www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/info/sans_SA/, .Accessed August 2006
[Snay, Richard, 2000, Accuracy ]8
- - 2008 www.gisclub.com
28
:
http://www.gisclub.org/library/magazine/gisclubmagazine_1.pdf
