GIS For The Petroleum Industry

GIS For The Petroleum IndustryKen HoodUlf BeckerNovember 15, 2017

• Ulf Becker• BS, Geology, University of Kansas, 1993• MS, Geology, Northern Arizona University, 1996• Kansas Geological Survey, 1996-97• ExxonMobil, 1997-present• Currently Enterprise GIS Advisor and Senior Technical Professional for GIS in ExxonMobil IT

• Ken Hood• BS, Geology, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1983• MS, Geology, University of Kansas, 1985• PhD, Geology, University of Kansas, 1989• ExxonMobil, 1988-present

• All map examples & data are hypothetical and/or vendor supplied

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• Regional Studies• Play Assessment• Block Exploration• Competitor Analysis

Upstream

• Pipeline Integrity• Pipeline Inspection• Design &

Construction

Midstream• Supply Chain

Analysis• Competitor Analysis• Marketing

Downstream

Provides and required for across the entire industry

Asset Tracking & InspectionEmergency Preparedness, Risk Analysis & ResponseEnvironmental Stewardship, Regulatory & Security

• Design and construction

Suitability grid assigned across AOI based on required parameters

Suitability analysis is constrained & refined

Final route defined based on cost analysis

ExxonMobil demonstration data

• One Call

• Inline Inspection

• Field Inspection

Screen captures courtesy of Geonamic

• Risk Analysis & Emergency Response

Screen captures courtesy of Geonamic

• Site Risk Analysis

• Regulatory

• Emergency Response


Screen captures courtesyof Earthsoft

• Wildlife Sightings & Management

• Asset Inspection


Screen captures courtesyof Esri

• “GIS” is an outdated phrase• “Traditional” GIS – ArcGIS, Global Mapper, GRASS, MapInfo

• Consumer grade – Apple Map, Bing Map, Google Map

• Pipeline – GeoFields, Geonamic, New Century

• Environmental – EQuIS, Oil Map

• Utilities – Smallworld

• Geoscience – Kingdom, Petra, Petrel

• GIS as a profession/degree/specialty versus GIS as a tool• Both are important for industry

• GIS specialists are required to build and maintain solutions

• Other disciplines should understand use of GIS (see above!)

• Familiarity with geodetic principles

• The spatial and stratigraphic distribution of Discovered (fields) and Undiscovered (prospects) hydrocarbons is strongly influenced by the underlying geology controls

• Understanding the geologic controls on hydrocarbon potential requires linking targets to specific stratigraphic intervals

• Understanding the business value on an opportunity requires aggregating hydrocarbon pools and potential across multiple stratigraphic intervals The business value also must reflect the development status of a potential target (untested, discovered undeveloped, enhanced

recovery, etc)

• GIS provides a powerful framework in which to manage know and future potential hydrocarbon opportunities An integrated, spatial and stratigraphically enabled database for fields, prospects, and dry tests

• The opportunity space for conventional hydrocarbon exploration comprises successful (fields), failed (dry tests), and untested traps (prospects)

• Traditional approach is store these different feature types in separate databases

• Integrating these feature types into a single database provides considerable benefits Accommodates complex

compartmentalization both vertically (stratigraphically) and spatially

After Hood and South, 2004 (ESRI Petroleum User Group Conference, Houston)


Producing Interval

Discovered Undeveloped

Level of Detail --Producing versus Undeveloped

Level of Detail --Wells versus Seismic


GasAccumulation

OilAccumulation

Stratigraphic Variation – Status or Hydrocarbon

Type

Lateral Variation –Status or Hydrocarbon

Type

Non-contiguous segments

OverlappingHydrocarbon

Pools


Non-Geologic Boundaries –Countries

Non-Geologic Boundaries –Lease Blocks

Country A Country BLease A

Lease B


Basic data element is the Compartment Can vary from a single reservoir in one fault block to an entire field

Compartments characterized by: Geographic location, outline, and stratigraphic designation Exploration, assessment, and opportunity classification Hydrocarbon volume/type (field) or undiscovered potential (prospect)

Compartments aggregated using 4 level hierarchy: Compartment - Reservoir (or greater) - Field analysis

Chronostratigraphic Aggregation - Sequence - Prospect analysis Assessment Aggregation - Play Maps - Regional analysis

Closure Aggregation - Total Closure - Business analysis

Aggregation of outline, stratigraphic interval, hydrocarbon volume and type, and classifications

AGG

EGR

ATIO

N


100F - UNDRL

100H - UNDRL

COUNTRY A COUNTRY B

TESTOIL

100E - PRODOIL

Example field with 8 compartments


100F - UNDRL

100H - UNDRL

COUNTRY A COUNTRY B

TESTOIL

100E - PRODOIL

COUNTRY A COUNTRY B COUNTRY A COUNTRY B

COUNTRY A COUNTRY B

CLOSURE: 100PRODOILPRODOIL

PRODOIL

PRODGAS

TESTOIL

TESTOIL ASSESS: JURA

ASSESS: CRET

CHRONO: MAAS

CHRONO: TURO

CHRONO: TITH

COMPARTMENT CHRONOSTRAT

ASSESSMENT TOTAL CLOSURE

A

C D

B

“Field” “Prospect”

“Regional” “Business”


Producing IntervalDiscovered Undeveloped

Prospective

Dry

Shallower(SHL)

Intermediate(INT)

Deeper(DPR)


Outline and Exploration Classification by Stratigraphic Interval

COMPOSITEOUTLINE

CRET_UOIL

CRET_LDRY

JURASSICGAS

TRIASSICGAS

PERMIANUNDRILLED

OIL

DRY

GAS G

AS

PRO

SPEC

T


Feature information must be retrievable by assessment interval Note variations in closure presence, outline, classification, and

hydrocarbon type

Jurassic Permian

LegendOil Field

Gas Field

Prospect

Dry Structure

Integrated Database Concept


PLAY ANALYSISFIELD ANALYSISTR

ADIT

ION

AL A

PPRO

ACH

INTE

GRA

TED

APPR

OAC

H

FIELD (A) FIELD (C)PROSPECT (B)

EOCE

NE

PALE

OCE

NE

CRET

ACEO

US

PLAY

S

FIELDS AND PROSPECTS

GAS ACCUMULATIONOIL ACCUMULATION

PROSPECT

A

BC

FIELD (A)

CRETACEOUS

PALEOCENE

EOCENE

DRY

Legend

PROSPECT ANALYSIS

PROSPECT (B)

CRETACEOUS

PALEOCENE

EOCENE Supports different scales of analyses irrespective of the granularity of the inputs

Keys to Success


Database should accommodate a range of complexities specific to feature data

Overlapping and non-contiguous compartments Stratigraphic and among-feature variation in level of detail Stratigraphic variation in exploration status and hydrocarbon

type Best implemented as “3-D” database

Opportunity analysis involves more than simple evaluation of undiscovered potential

Discovered undeveloped Enhanced recovery Integrated opportunity analysis

• Geologic controls on hydrocarbon potential are inherently spatial and thus are well suited to GIS analysis

• Two basic hydrocarbon habitats Discreet hydrocarbon pools – need to count, risk, and size potential hydrocarbon traps; need to account for water under

hydrocarbon pools

Continuous hydrocarbon pools (e.g., shale gas, tar belts, coal bed methane) – need to account for resource density and extent, but no need to count discreet hydrocarbon pools

• ExxonMobil has implemented GIS-based tool boxes to evaluated these two hydrocarbon types

• Analysis performed by reservoir interval – a reservoir is a porous rock formation with sufficient pore space to contain producible hydrocarbons

Play Resource Evaluation

After Hood and others, 2000 (Use of geographic information systems in hydrocarbon resource assessment and opportunity analysis,)

Integrating map-based geologic controls on prospect counts, risk, and size

GIS-Based Workflow

After Hood and others, 2000 (Use of geographic information systems in hydrocarbon resource assessment and opportunity analysis,)

Play Resource Evaluation Workflow

After Hood and Walker, 2012 (Turning Regional Geologic Interpretations into a Hydrocarbon Resource Assessment)

AsmtSoftware

Play resource evaluation starts with the geology:

How does the geology influence the number, risk, and size of potential hydrocarbon accumulations?

PotentialVolumes

Business decisions:Millions $$s• Basin entry• Pursue acreage• Acquire acreage• Mature prospects• Divest

Play Potential

LeaseSeriatim

Spatially Enabled Play Analysis

Opportunity Analysis


OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS

Opportunity Analysis – Resource and Potential Density


Single Pay Stacked Pays

Stacked Plays

Which Block is the Best Opportunity?


Discoveries

Dry Test

Field

ProspectsProspects

Block A Block B

Multiple-Play Analysis


Evaluation AreaTemplate

Aggregate Resources"Opportunities"

Evaluation Area

PlioceneMioceneEocene

MaastrichtianTuronian

AlbianTithonian

FammenianFrasnian

Results Table

Stratigraphically Defined Plays

Summary


Geologic controls on hydrocarbon distribution are inherently spatial

GIS provides a powerful platform for managing opportunities and evaluating undiscovered resource potential

GIS supports more robust business decisions

The End

Thank You

Documents

GIS For The Petroleum Industry