143 (2004.3)

(GIS-T) *

O ** .0

Analyzing accessibility with GIS-Transportation: A review

Huh, Woo-Kung

:

.

(GIS-T) . GIS-T

. OJ

.

.

i . GIS-T

. GIS-T

: (GIS-T)

Abstract: Accessibility has been the basic component of location theories, one of the key variables

explaining trip behavior of individuals, and one of the most critical criteria to implement regional and urban

planning. The present paper reviews the literature on accessibility and GIS-Transportation, to grasp the

salient research trends and the needs for further study. The topics in this paper include the concepts and

models of accessibility developed in previous studies, the issues and techniques for measuring accessibility,

the functions of GIS-T to ana1yze and visualize accessibility, and the architecture to integrate the functions

in the system. The review identifies a number of models of accessibility developed in previous studies:

namely, the transport cost, opportunity, potential or gravity, utility-based, and constraints-based models.

It is noteworthy that recent research has emphasized a renewed interest in accessibility models easier to

interpret and simpler to calibrate as opposed to the models elegant in theory but so sophisticated and

demanding to implement. There is increased interest in the time-geographic approach to studying

* 8 . (wkhuh@snu.ac.kr)

-1-

GI8-T)

accessibility of individuals, namely the constraints-based models, and measuring nodal accessibility based

on transport networks instead of the time-honored zonal basis. The previous studies mostly employed GIS-

T for their research. The functions of analyzing accessibility, however, are not well integrated, nor will

likely be integrated, into the commercial GISs due to a lack of market demand. Future research efforts need

to be placed on developing user-friendly toolkits to measure accessibility. In addition, the literature also

reveals a lack of research on data models for linear reference systems, as well as map design of transport

networks.

key words: accessibility, mobility, GIS for transportation(GIS-T), interaction potential, pace-time prism,

visualization, map design, linear reference systems

1.

(| accessibility)

.

.

.

.

1950

.

.

(mob)

.

-2-

.

(GIS-T)

( visualization)

.

.

.

.

(1987a) (1995) .

GIS

GIS-T .

GIS ( desktop GIS)

GIS

. GIS-T

.

.

.

.

. 2

. 3

4 GIS-T

. 5

.

accessibili

. (1975) (1990)

(1987) (1997)

() (1994)

.

(measure)

.

.

. Visualization

-3-

43 (2004.3)

()

.

2.

1)

.

()

(Hansen, 1959) ,

(Ingram 1970) ,

(Bums and Golob , 1976) , ,

(Koenig 1980) ,

(Weibull 198 .

.

. / 1

0

.

()

(Dalvi and Martin, 1976; Koenig , 1980; Harris ,

2001 ) ,

( 1995).

(GIS-T)

(Geurs and van Eck,

2(03).

F

.

.

.

.

(Matinez 1995;

Reggiani, 1998).

(1)

(2)

(3) ()

.

(1)

(2) (3)

(Handyand

Clifton, 2001).

-4-

2) mobility( )

. mobility

. ()

F

.

()

.

(constraints ) .

.

. Geertman and van

Eck(1995)

(mobili)

.

.

(activity-based approach)

.

(1) (

) (2)

(3) (

)

.

.

.

3)

.

(transportatio'connectivity part)

(activity/attraction pa)

.

.

(Baradaran and Ramjerdi, 2001; Lim, 2003).

(1)

(2) ,

(3)

()

(4)

,

(5) -

-5-

143 (2004.3)

(6)

6 .

(1995)

(1), (3), (4) .

(1996)

(1), (2) , (3) .

(1994) (1991) , (1997)

-

.

(1) (2) (3) (4)

.

(

, 1987a).

2

.

.

(GI8-T)

3.

1)

(1 )

(

: )

}

.

i Aj

} (( -1) ).

A j =I C jj ( -1)

AI : i

Gjj : j j )

- 2)

.

()

( -1) .

Ai =Zf(CIj) - 2)

f( C ij) :

.

- 3)

. i j

-1) .

n

IC;;T;;

A.= - 3)

T jj : j j

-6-

.

.

.

.

.

(pooler 1995).

(2)

i

m ()

.

.

.

(( - 4)).

A j = min 1 C jj 1 ( - 4)

- 5)

(- 3) .

P (min 1 Gj;]) ... ( - 5 )

p: j

. Hewko (2002)

Edmonton (

) .

(GIS-T)

= . ( -12)

=I =I -13) '-jj

Stewart

.

Newton

T =k - 14)

( b

). i j

- 15) Pi -

16) .

Pj}>" . PjP2 . PjPn ~ Pj~ ---~--- ....... ---~ ---cL cL c1n -j C1J

.. ( - 15)

P1 , P2 , Pn~ .B -,:-+-+-+ ....... +-=I~' .. ( -16) Cil Ci2 C j Cjj

i .

zL= =I -17)

- 15) Pi ( -17)

i (per capita basis)

.

.

. Pi

Lowry

Pooler(1987) .

-10-

( )

(Barras and Broadbent, 1981;

Pooler, 1987).

( 1986)

()

.

.

population potential , market potenal

.

.

.

.

. Hanson and

Schwab(1987)

k j

Wang(2000)

.

.

q(Harris, 2001).

Fotheringham and d Kelly(1989) .

(3)

i

i

(self potential)

. i ( }

)

(). i

.

.

.

. ( - 12) i

r ai ai

1/2 i

-11-

143 (2004.3)

Vij

2P Vjj = .. .( -18)

= . (1995)

i

I [;=

1.5

. ( - 18)

(uniform distribution)

(Pooler 1987).

(4)

.

/ .

.

20

3 .

.

(GIS-T)

(Ii

and Shum, 2001).

.

.

.

Gutierrz (Gutierrez Gonzalez and Gomez,

1996; Gueez 2001)

( GDP: gross domestic

product)

(( - 19))

. -

3) .

I cji GDI1 Aj= J ( - 19)

I ZGDR

4)

(1 )

(utility-based surplus approach)

(Matinez 1995).

.

-12-

n j

(( - 20) ),

(( - 21) ) (Ben-Akiva and

Lerman , 1979; Niemeier, 1997).

(( - 22> ).

=fi ... (- 20)

n: N

Ufli= V7 -Cn + ... ( - 21) : j

Cjj : j j

:

= rpa;un| = 4ln Z exJj (Vf -Cij)) , 1 l

.. ( - 22)

:

.

( )

(Broecker, 1998).

01 .

(Martellato and Nijkamp, 1998).

.

Reggiani(1998) .

- 22)

.

.

( dual variable)

.

(1994)

.

: Minimize ( + +

+ )

:

, ,

.

(2)

.

(

(choice se) , ,

)

.

(

)

(Handyand

Clifton, 2001).

-13-

43 (2004.3)

.

.

(defat option)

black box .

((Handy and Niemeier, 1997).

5)

(1 )

-

(time

geographic approach) .

.

(

) . (time

budget)

.

Bums(1979), CJ Sullivan (2(XX)) .

GIS-T)

(space-time prism) .

t1 t2

-1)

.

(potential path space) 2

(potential path area) .

(

) ,

.

TlC

T

-

Gsochrone)

( 2-a).

.

A B

( 2-b).

0

.

. Lennto(1976)

-

(Hanson and

T: Timc butt v: Tnlw:l vdoit-

- 1) - (time-space prism)

: Miller(1991); Wu and Miller(2001). p.4

: T(t2-~) time budget), V .

-14-

t\ffie

y

* A

x

(a)

143 (2004.3)

set of all reable locatons m space-time

%

t t

t

m

e n

u

g nY Q

/

-A / *

r/

*