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8/19/2019 GIS Technology Applications Todd CCIH2006 (1)
1/25
Global Mapping International
Applications of GIS Technology inApplications of GIS Technology in
Professional HealthProfessional HealthChristian Connections for International Health
Annual Conference, May 27 – 29, 2006
Scott A. Todd
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Global Mapping International
What is GISWhat is GIS (Geographic Information System)(Geographic Information System)
GGeographiceographic Maps Maps
IInformationnformation Database Database
SSystemystem Hardware, Software, Data, Hardware, Software, Data,
People, PlansProgramsPeople, PlansPrograms
IS co!"ines the intuiti#e #isual clarity of a !a$ to%ether &ith
the infor!ation structurin%, searchin% and analy'in% $o&er of a
data"ase.
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Global Mapping International
Data 'Data ' #he Main Ingredient#he Main Ingredient
ectorector ' points, lines, polygons (areas)' points, lines, polygons (areas)
asteraster ' images (aerial photos), grids' images (aerial photos), grids
#ab&lar#ab&lar ' databases, spreadsheets' databases, spreadsheets
How GIS Wor*s+ + +How GIS Wor*s+ + +eat&res, $ttrib&tes - .perations
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eat&reseat&res (ector data)(ector data)
PointsPoints ' illage, acility, Ho&sehold, Patient' illage, acility, Ho&sehold, Patient
/ines/ines ' oads, i%ers, 0tility /ine' oads, i%ers, 0tility /ine
PolygonsPolygons 'Parcel, 1ens&s #ract, Ser%ice $rea'Parcel, 1ens&s #ract, Ser%ice $rea
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$ttrib&tes$ttrib&tes (#ab&lar Data)(#ab&lar Data)
2%ents.b3ects2%ents.b3ects ' illage name, acility type,' illage name, acility type, Ho&sehold si4e, Patient conditionHo&sehold si4e, Patient condition
o&te5etwor*o&te5etwor* ' oad capacity, i%er name,' oad capacity, i%er name,
Sewer main si4e, 6o&ndary lengthSewer main si4e, 6o&ndary length
$reaegion$reaegion ' Parcel si4e ($cres), Demographics,' Parcel si4e ($cres), Demographics,
Ser%ice $rea (n&mber of patients)Ser%ice $rea (n&mber of patients)
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.perations " Geoprocessing.perations " Geoprocessing Data IntegrationData Integration ' 1ollection, 1on%ersion, ectification,' 1ollection, 1on%ersion, ectification,
1orrelation1onfirmation1orrelation1onfirmation
ManagementManagement ' Data &pdatemaintenance, 7oining w' Data &pdatemaintenance, 7oining w
other databases, Merge data setsother databases, Merge data sets
$nalysis$nalysis ' Selection28traction, Pro8imity, Distrib&tion,' Selection28traction, Pro8imity, Distrib&tion,
elationships, .%erlay, 1hange#rendselationships, .%erlay, 1hange#rends
eportingeporting ' Printed Maps, #ab&lar eports' Printed Maps, #ab&lar eports
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So What + + +So What + + +
$ Geographic Information System is not 3&st a fancy tool for$ Geographic Information System is not 3&st a fancy tool forma*ing attracti%e, detailed maps+ma*ing attracti%e, detailed maps+
GIS pro%ides a dynamic %is&al representation of the informationGIS pro%ides a dynamic %is&al representation of the information
contained in a database, along with the power to 9&ery andcontained in a database, along with the power to 9&ery andmanage the database+manage the database+
GIS tools s&pport the creation and integration of %ario&s *inds ofGIS tools s&pport the creation and integration of %ario&s *inds ofdata sets to analy4e and better &nderstand e8isting patterns,data sets to analy4e and better &nderstand e8isting patterns,distrib&tions and relationships between feat&res+distrib&tions and relationships between feat&res+
GIS analysis can generate new data to s&pport clearer insightGIS analysis can generate new data to s&pport clearer insightand comm&nication for needs assessment, decision ma*ing forand comm&nication for needs assessment, decision ma*ing forstrategic planning and data management for implementation,strategic planning and data management for implementation,monitoring and e%al&ation of programs and initiati%es+monitoring and e%al&ation of programs and initiati%es+
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Who 0ses GISWho 0ses GIS $rchaeology$rchaeology $gric<&re$gric<&re 6an*ing6an*ing Defense and IntelligenceDefense and Intelligence 2d&cation2d&cation
2lectric and Gas2lectric and Gas 2ngineering2ngineering ire2MSDisasterHomelandire2MSDisasterHomeland
Sec&ritySec&rity orestryorestry Go%ernment (ederal, State,Go%ernment (ederal, State,
1o&nty, /ocal)1o&nty, /ocal) Health and H&man Ser%icesHealth and H&man Ser%ices Ins&ranceIns&rance /andscape $rchitect&re/andscape $rchitect&re /aw 2nforcement and 1riminal/aw 2nforcement and 1riminal
7&stice7&stice
/ibraries and M&se&ms/ibraries and M&se&ms
/ocation Ser%ices/ocation Ser%ices
/ogistics/ogistics
Marine, 1oast and .ceansMarine, 1oast and .ceans
Mar*etingMar*eting
MediaMedia Mining and 2arth SciencesMining and 2arth Sciences
5at&ral eso&rces5at&ral eso&rces
Petrole&mPetrole&m
eal 2stateeal 2state
etail 6&sinessetail 6&siness
#elecomm&nications#elecomm&nications #ransportation#ransportation
0ni%ersities0ni%ersities
Water and WastewaterWater and Wastewater
WeatherWeather
So&rce! 2n%ironmental Systems esearch Instit&te ' Geography Matters, White Paper, :;;:
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Health GeographyHealth Geography
It is &sef&l to di%ide the geography of healthIt is &sef&l to di%ide the geography of health
into two interrelated areas!into two interrelated areas!
< The geography of diseaseThe geography of disease, which co%ers the e8ploration,, which co%ers the e8ploration,
description and modelling of the spatio"temporal (space"time)description and modelling of the spatio"temporal (space"time)incidence of disease and related en%ironmental phenomena, theincidence of disease and related en%ironmental phenomena, the
detection and analysis of disease cl&sters and patterns, ca&salitydetection and analysis of disease cl&sters and patterns, ca&sality
analysis and the generation of new disease hypotheses=analysis and the generation of new disease hypotheses=
: The geography of healthcare systemsThe geography of healthcare systems,, which deals with thewhich deals with the
planning, management and deli%ery of s&itable health ser%icesplanning, management and deli%ery of s&itable health ser%ices(ens&ring among other things ade9&ate patient access) after(ens&ring among other things ade9&ate patient access) after
determining healthcare needs of the target comm&nity and ser%icedetermining healthcare needs of the target comm&nity and ser%ice
catchment 4ones+catchment 4ones+
So&rce! 6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health,6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health, School for Health, (ni#ersity of )athSchool for Health, (ni#ersity of )ath 6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>
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GIS Health SoftwareGIS Health Software
GIS Software Developing Organization Price
EpiInfo / EpiMap Center for Disease Control(CDC)
Free
HealtMapper !orl" Healt Organization(!HO)
Free
SIGEpi Pan #$erican HealtOrganization (P#HO)
%&'' Healt Inst%'' *on+Profit
%&''' Private #rcGIS Environ$ental S,ste$s
-esearc Instit.te (ES-I)%&'' Maintenance
So&rce! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health, 0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
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WH.! HealthMapperWH.! HealthMapper Adantages Adantages!!
ree! can be downloaded from WH. websiteree! can be downloaded from WH. website
ery &sef&l in s&pporting health s&r%eillance, diseaseery &sef&l in s&pporting health s&r%eillance, diseasepre%ention and controlpre%ention and control
DisadantagesDisadantages!! /imited comple8 statistical capabilitiesapabilities
Data not pro%ided with softwareData not pro%ided with software P&blicly f&nded programsP&blicly f&nded programs /imited #echnical s&pport/imited #echnical s&pport
So&rce! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health, 0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
http://www.who.int/vaccines-access/quality/un_prequalified/whologo.gif
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2piInfo 2piMap2piInfo 2piMap
About !pi"nfo # !piMap About !pi"nfo # !piMap!! 1reated by the 1enters for Disease 1ontrol (1D1), in
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1D1! 2piInfo2piMap1D1! 2piInfo2piMap
Adantages of !pi"nfo Adantages of !pi"nfo!! Meets most needs in epidemiological st&diesMeets most needs in epidemiological st&dies
ree, can be downloaded from 1D1 WebPagesree, can be downloaded from 1D1 WebPages
With a little comp&ter e8perience can do simple &sef&lWith a little comp&ter e8perience can do simple &sef&l
analysisanalysis
Disadantages of !pi"nfoDisadantages of !pi"nfo!! /ac*s statistical spatial data analysis/ac*s statistical spatial data analysis
2piInfo and 2piMap are two stand"alone programs2piInfo and 2piMap are two stand"alone programs Data not pro%ided with softwareData not pro%ided with software
P&blicly f&nded programsP&blicly f&nded programs
/imited #echnical s&pport " reference to a%ailable man&al/imited #echnical s&pport " reference to a%ailable man&al
So&rce! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health, 0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.waterscape.org/pubs/tutorial_epiinfo/tutorial_ProgramosVadovas_LT_files/image002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.waterscape.org/pubs/tutorial_epiinfo/tutorial_ProgramosVadovas_LT.htm&h=288&w=386&sz=16&tbnid=T0UkFgVeWF
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SIG2piSIG2pi
Price$Price$ Health and $cademic Instit&tions (
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2SI! $rcGIS2SI! $rcGIS
About !SR" Arc%"S$ About !SR" Arc%"S$ 1ompany started in
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2SI! $rcGIS2SI! $rcGIS
&echnical Assistance$&echnical Assistance$ ree for initial year of p&rchaseree for initial year of p&rchase
Adantages$ Adantages$ Ind&stry leader in P&blic health sectorInd&stry leader in P&blic health sector Many e8tensions b&ilt on $rcGISMany e8tensions b&ilt on $rcGIS
6ase data pro%ided with software6ase data pro%ided with software
Software is scalableSoftware is scalable
1&stom Scripting 1apabilities " in 6, 1LL, +52#1&stom Scripting 1apabilities " in 6, 1LL, +52#
DisadantagesDisadantages!! 28pensi%e application and maintenance pac*age
5ot specifically oriented toward Health $pplications
5eed to ha%e hands"on e8perience or e8tensi%e traininge8tensi%e training
So&rce! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health, 0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
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Data ormatsData ormats
!ach offers Free 'nline &raining Manuals
!ach product offers Data format support for$
Shapefiles (+SHP) 28cel
+1S
MS $ccess
d6ase
+21
!ach product can read data from a %PSSo&rce! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health, 0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
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1omparison Matri81omparison Matri8
HealthMapperHealthMapper2piInfo2piInfo 2piMap 2piMap SIG2piSIG2pi $rcGIS$rcGIS
Health $nalyticHealth $nalytic
S&pport 5eedsS&pport 5eeds
MetMet
@es@es @es@es @es@es @es@es
GISGIS
1apabilities1apabilities/imited/imited /imited/imited @es@es @es@es
1ost1ost reeree reeree
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#he &t&re of GIS in Health#he &t&re of GIS in Health
HealthN&ery! $n onlineHealthN&ery! $n onlinehealthcarehealthcareser%icesaccessser%icesaccessapplication+application+
1ollaborati%e pro3ect of1ollaborati%e pro3ect ofGood Hope MedicalGood Hope Medical
o&ndation, 1aliforniao&ndation, 1aliforniaDepartment of HealthDepartment of HealthSer%ices O 1entre forSer%ices O 1entre forHealth Statistics, theHealth Statistics, the5ational Health5ational Healtho&ndation (5H),o&ndation (5H),2SI, .racle and S&n2SI, .racle and S&nMicrosystemsMicrosystems
#his fig&re shows a#his fig&re shows asearch for the nearestsearch for the nearesthospitals within a A"hospitals within a A"mile radi&s aro&ndmile radi&s aro&ndB:C?C (ip code, 1$,B:C?C (ip code, 1$,0S)+0S)+
HealthN&ery fo&nd HealthN&ery fo&nd locations+locations+
So&rce! 6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health,6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health, School for Health, (ni#ersity of )athSchool for Health, (ni#ersity of )ath 6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>
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GIS DemonstrationGIS Demonstration
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So&rces!So&rces! $lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health$lsahhar, 6elew, Getachew, Mc2lroy " GIS in P&blic Health
0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A0ni%ersity of Dallas, .ct :;;A
6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health6o&los, >amel M5 " Geographic Informatics in Health
School for Health, 0ni%ersity of 6ath, 6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>School for Health, 0ni%ersity of 6ath, 6ath 6$: ?$@, 0>
1ontact!1ontact! Scott $ #oddScott $ #odd
scottQgmi+org