Giving the right vaccine safely

Immunization schedule for infants recommended by the Expanded Program on immunization

Vaccine Age

Birth 6 wks 10 wks 14 wks 9 mo

BCG x

OPV x* x x x

DTP x x x

Hep B: (A) x x x

Hep B: (B) x x x

Hib x x x

Yellow Fever x**

Measles x

X* : in polio-endemic countriesx**: in countries where yellow fever poses a risk(A): in countries where perinatal transmission of virus hepatitis B is frequent(B): in countries where perinatal transmission of virus hepatitis B is less frequent

TOPICS

1. COMPLETING THE PATIENT REGISTER

2. ASSESSING THE CLIENT

3. INFORMING CLIENTS

4. PREPARING VACCINES

5. GIVING IMMUNIZATIONS

6. DISPOSING OF USED SYRINGES AND NEEDLES

7. CLOSING REMARKS

1. COMPLETING THE PATIENT REGISTER

2. ASSESSING THE CLIENT

3. INFORMING CLIENTS

4. PREPARING VACCINES

1. Reconstituing vaccine

Vaccine that require reconstitution

Vaccine Powder DiluentBCG Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

Measles Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

MMR Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

YF Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

JE Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

Hib Freeze- dried vial Liquid provided with vaccine

DTP-HepB+Hib Freeze- dried Hib

vial Liquid DTP-HepB vaccine

2. Reconstituting BCG, measles, MMR, MR, YF, JE, and Hib vaccines1. Wash your hands

2. Inspect the vaccine vial or ampoule (VVM, Exp date)

3. Flick the vial or ampoule

4. Open the vaccine vial or ampoule

5. Inspect the diluents ampoule or vial

6. Read the label on the diluents ampoule or vial

Flicking a vaccine ampoule

Lift the center of the metal cap

Ampoules and metal file

Scratching” the neck of the ampoule

Breaking off the neck of an ampoule

7. Open the glass ampoule

8. Draw diluents into a mixing syringe

9. Reconstitute the vaccine

10. Handling reconstituted vaccines

Injection equipment

Parts of a syringe and needle

Handling syringes and needles safely

Do not touch: the shaft of the needle the bevel of the needle the adaptor of the needle the adaptor of the syringe the plunger seal of the syringe the plunger shaft of the syringe

You may touch: the barrel; the plunger top..

4. Administering vaccine for infants

Name of vaccine

BCG DTP or DTP-HepB, HepB

Measles/ yellow fever

OPV

Where given

Outer upper right/ left arm or shoulder

Outer mid-thigh in infants/ outer upper arm if older

Outer mid-thigh/upper arm depending on the age

Oral

How given

Intradermal injection

Intramuscular injection

Subcutaneous injection

Oral dropper

Dose 0,05 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 2 drops

Needle size

10mm, 26 gauge

25mm, 23 gauge 25mm, 23 gauge

Type Powder + diluents

Ready to use Powder + diluents

Vial with oral dropper

Different needle positions

INTRADERMAL

INTRAMUSCULAR

SUBCUTANEOUS

BCG vaccine

OPV

DTP or DTP-HepB or HepB, Hib vaccine

HepB vaccine

Measles vaccine, yellow fever, JE

5. DISPOSING OF USED SYRINGES AND NEEDLES

6. CLOSING REMARKS

Student will practice

DURING A SESSION Registering the clients Assessing the client Preparing vaccines Giving immunizations

- practise positioning a client (A doll )- administering each vaccine (boiled potatoes to practice intradermal injections;oranges for other injections)

AFTER A SESSION