Dan McCoy/Rainbow

GLENCOE LIFE SCIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

CHAPTER 1    STRUCTURE AND MOVEMENT 

1.1 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 

1.2 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 

1.3 THE SKIN 

 

CHAPTER 2  NUTRIENTS AND DIGESTION 

    2.1  NUTRITION 

    2.2  THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 

 

CHAPTER 3  CIRCULATION 

    3.1  THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 

    3.2  BLOOD 

    3.3  THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 

 

CHAPTER 4  RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION 

    4.1  THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 

    4.2  THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM 

 

CHAPTER 5  CONTROL AND COORDINATION 

    5.1  THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 

    5.2  THE SENSES 

 

CHAPTER 6  REGULATION AND REPRODUCTION 

    6.1  THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 

    6.2  THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 

    6.3  HUMAN LIFE STAGES 

 

CHAPTER 7  IMMUNITY AND DISEASE 

    7.1  THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 

    7.2  INFECTIOUS DISEASES 

    7.3  NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES 

 

Life Science: Human Body Systems, Book D Chapter Tests Chapter 1: Structure and Movement 1 The outer layer of skin is called the_____. A. epidermis B. perspiration C. pigment D. glands 2 ______ makes movement easier by reducing friction that might happen if bones rubbed together. A. Hinge joints B. Red marrow C. Cartilage D. Periosteum 3 Where would you find a hinge joint in your body? A. your hips B. your wrists C. your fingers D. your shoulders 4 Which two elements help make bones hard? A. sodium and chlorine B. calcium and phosphorus C. nitrogen and helium D. hydrogen and oxygen 5 ______ can be used to repair severely burned skin. A. Pivot joints B. Grafts C. Periosteum D. Phosphorus 6 Joints in the bones of your skull are _____. A. gliding B. immovable C. spongy D. striated 7 About how many muscles are in your body? A. 206 B. 600 C. 5,000 D. 4 8 Where are dead skin cells found? A. in the periosteum B. in the red marrow C. in the epidermis D. in immovable joints 9 How is your shoulder joint classified? A. ball-and-socket joint B. hinge joint C. gliding joint D. immovable joint

10 Where is spongy bone located? A. on a living bone's surface B. in the soft tissue in the center of bones C. in the osteoblasts in the bone D. at the ends of long bones 11 Bones protect your _____. A. sense of smell B. internal organs C. skin D. hair 12 What is the skin's most important function? A. protection B. color C. circulation D. excretion 13 Two or more bones come together at _____. A. pores B. melanin C. joints D. flexors 14 About how many bones does the human body have at birth? A. 506 B. 94 C. 206 D. 300 15 Food moves through your digestive system. What type of muscle makes this action happen? A. skeletal muscles B. voluntary muscles C. involuntary muscles D. cardiac muscles 16 In which of these parts of your body would you find skeletal muscle? A. in your leg B. in your bladder C. in your liver D. in your heart 17 One function of your skin is to make _____. A. bile B. vitamin D C. bone marrow D. energy 18 Exercised muscles are ______ than inactive muscles. A. larger B. less striated C. more voluntary D. smaller

19 ______ release waste products from the body. A. Sweat glands B. Spongy bones C. Skeletal muscles D. Cartilages 20 What type of muscle is found in your intestines? A. smooth muscle B. voluntary muscle C. skeletal muscle D. striated muscle Chapter 2: Nutrients and Digestion 1 Which of these is part of the digestive tract? A. the bladder B. the pancreas C. the nose D. the esophagus 2 What food group is at the top of the food pyramid? A. bread and cereal B. meat and beans C. fats, oils, and sweets D. vegetables and fruit 3 Why are fats important to your body? A. They help your body get rid of vitamins. B. They provide energy. C. They are essential amino acids. D. Their energy cannot be stored for later use. 4 What occurs when you chew food with your teeth? A. mechanical digestion B. homeostasis C. peristalsis D. chemical digestion 5 In which organ would you find the duodenum? A. the esophagus B. the kidneys C. the small intestine D. the mouth 6 Which of these is an organic nutrient? A. phosphorus B. calcium C. water D. proteins 7 Which vitamin does your body make when your skin is exposed to sunlight? A. vitamin B B. vitamin K C. vitamin D D. vitamin A

8 Which digestive tract organ absorbs water from undigested food? A. the epiglottis B. the pancreas C. the large intestine D. the stomach 9 What is the shape of your stomach when empty? A. a sausage B. a fist C. a funnel D. a tube 10 Which of these is a simple carbohydrate? A. cheese B. honey C. meat D. pasta 11 Which of these is an accessory organ to the digestive system? A. the small intestine B. the stomach C. the rectum D. the salivary glands 12 What does your body need to maintain a steady internal temperature? A. chyme B. energy C. bacteria D. teeth 13 What covers your windpipe to prevent food from entering it? A. the gallbladder B. the duodenum C. the stomach D. the epiglottis 14 Which of these can be found in the stomach? A. hydrochloric acid B. lipids C. amylase D. wastes 15 Which of these foods provides all of the essential amino acids your body needs? A. apples B. pasta C. peas D. eggs 16 Which of these is an inorganic nutrient? A. vitamin D B. carbohydrate C. water D. pasta

17 Which food group contains yogurt and cheese? A. fats B. fruit C. milk D. bread and cereal 18 Bananas and nuts are a source of what mineral? A. phosphorus B. potassium C. iron D. iodine 19 Which of these is true? A. Lipids provide essential amino acids. B. Lipids keep your digestive system running smoothly. C. Lipids help cushion your internal organs. D. Lipids are inorganic nutrients. 20 What are the building blocks of protein? A. copper B. amino acids C. carbohydrates D. vegetable oil Chapter 3: Circulation and Immunity 1 ______ carry blood away from the heart. A. Platelets B. Lungs C. Arteries D. Fibrin 2 What are the upper chambers of the heart called? A. systolic B. atriums C. plasma D. aorta 3 Which of these is a condition related to blood clotting? A. hemophilia B. diffusion C. atherosclerosis D. HIV 4 Which of these is the largest artery in the human body? A. the aorta B. the antigen C. the capillary D. the platelet 5 Which circulatory system moves blood to your brain? A. the systemic circulatory system B. the pulmonary circulatory system C. the coronary circulatory system D. the lymphatic circulatory system 6 Which of these is a blood disease? A. hypertension B. leukemia C. fibrin D. platelets

7 Which of these is a function of blood? A. digest food B. dissolve bone C. transport nutrients D. produce wastes 8 What prevents blood from flowing backward in the veins? A. one-way valves B. the vena cava C. connective tissue D. capillaries 9 Which of these is NOT part of your blood? A. superior vena cava B. platelets C. plasma D. white blood cells 10 Which of these is NOT a lymphatic organ? A. the spleen B. the lungs C. the tonsils D. the thymus 11 Blood makes up about eight percent of your body's weight. If a person weighs 120 pounds, about how much of that mass is blood? A. 2 pounds B. 96 pounds C. 10 pounds D. 128 pounds 12 Which of these might occur if coronary circulation is blocked? A. a heart attack B. a broken bone C. a headache D. a fever 13 The measure of the force of your blood that occurs when blood is pushed out of the heart is the _____. A. Rh factor B. helper T-cells C. white blood cells D. systolic pressure 14 Which of these is a normal pulse rate for an adult? A. six beats per minute B. 30 beats per minute C. 160 beats per minute D. 70 beats per minute 15 One way to get nutrients into cells is _____. A. diffusion B. veins C. lymphocytes D. perspiration

16 Which of these is true? A. Blood flows in only one direction between an atrium and a ventricle. B. A vein helps blood flow between the two ventricles. C. There is one atrium and one ventricle in the lower chamber of your heart. D. All four chambers of the heart contract at once during one heartbeat. 17 Which of these can help maintain your cardiovascular system's health? A. reducing regular exercise B. eating foods high in saturated fat C. keeping a healthy body weight D. taking up smoking 18 Blood goes from your lower body back to your heart through _____. A. the hemoglobin B. the transfusion C. the inferior vena cava D. the coronary circulatory system 19 Which of these is true? A. A person with type O blood cannot receive type O blood. B. A person with type A blood can receive type B blood. C. A person with type B blood cannot donate blood to a person with type AB blood. D. A person with type AB blood can only donate blood to a person with type AB blood. 20 What does a clot do? A. It makes antibodies to fight infection. B. It prevents blood from traveling between the atriums of your heart. C. It identifies your blood type. D. It stops blood from escaping from a cut. Chapter 4: Respiration and Excretion 1 What is the function of cilia that line the nasal cavity? A. moisten the air taken in B. produce sticky mucus C. trap dust from the air D. sweep away mucus and trapped materials 2 Which one of the following is a disease of the respiratory system in which alveoli in the lungs enlarge? A. chronic bronchitis B. lung cancer C. emphysema D. asthma 3 What happens to most of the water, sugar, and salts filtered from the blood in the kidneys? A. They are converted into urine. B. They leave through the digestive system. C. They are exhaled from the lungs. D. They are reabsorbed and returned to the blood.

4 Which one of the following problems can occur if someone's kidneys don't work properly? A. less oxygen enters the capillaries B. few if any problems would occur C. an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood D. an imbalance of salts 5 Which of the following is a method used to save the life of a choking victim? A. emphysema B. abdominal thrusts C. respiration D. bronchitis 6 Besides the kidney, what other organ also filters blood to remove wastes? A. liver B. heart C. bladder D. lungs 7 The ______ is a tubelike passageway used by food, liquid, and air. A. nostril B. epiglottis C. pharynx D. larynx 8 What is the name of the elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body? A. ureter B. urethra C. bladder D. kidney 9 Inhaling the tar in ______ is the greatest contributing factor to lung cancer. A. cigarette smoke B. polluted air C. coal dust D. asbestos 10 When you swallow, the epiglottis prevents _____. A. food or liquid from entering your airway B. air from entering your lungs C. carbon dioxide from entering your lungs D. dust and bacteria from entering your airway 11 What muscle contracts and relaxes when you inhale and exhale? A. larynx B. lung C. diaphragm D. trachea 12 Which one of the following is a lung disorder that occurs when the bronchial tubes contract quickly? A. asthma B. emphysema C. chronic bronchitis D. common cold

13 The ______ system is made up of several different systems that function together to remove wastes from your body A. urinary B. circulatory C. excretory D. respiratory 14 During dialysis an artificial kidney machine is used to _____. A. remove wastes from blood B. pump blood through the heart C. produce bile D. increase lung pressure 15 The urinary system is important in regulating ______ in the body. A. fluid levels B. oxygen C. undigested material D. waste gases 16 Some early experiments showed that a mouse could live in a container in which a plant had first been grown. What did the plant produce that the mouse needed? A. oxygen B. water vapor C. food D. carbon dioxide 17 Your brain can control your breathing rate depending on the amount of ______ present in your blood. A. sugar B. water C. carbon dioxide D. oxygen 18 The main organs of the urinary system are two _____. A. lungs B. alveoli C. kidneys D. nephrons 19 The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs takes place between the _____. A. nostrils and lungs B. bronchi and bronchiles C. alveoli and capillaries D. pharynx and lungs 20 Which one of the following is the correct pathway of air after it enters the nasal passages? A. larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs C. larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea, lungs D. lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx

Chapter 5: Control and Coordination 1 Which of these is NOT part of your brain? A. the cerebrum B. the cerebellum C. the cochlea D. the cortex 2 Which part of your brain has ridges and grooves on it? A. the medulla B. the cortex C. the pons D. the midbrain 3 Which of the following dissolves food in your mouth? A. esophagus B. palate C. saliva D. acid 4 One part of the central nervous system is the _____. A. appendix B. cochlea C. retina D. brain 5 The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates your heartbeat is _____. A. the skeletal system B. the muscular system C. the autonomic system D. the somatic system 6 ______ is a stimulant that can cause your heart to beat faster and make you feel restless. A. Alcohol B. MSG C. Caffeine D. Salt 7 The ______ is the front part of your eye. A. hammer B. retina C. cornea D. cochlea 8 People who are farsighted cannot clearly see objects _____. A. that are more than 3 m away from them B. unless they remove their glasses C. until they are over 65 years old D. that are less than 1 m away from them 9 When your finger accidentally gets caught in a door, the pain message is sent to your brain through _____. A. caffeine B. the medulla C. sensory receptors D. homeostasis

10 People who are nearsighted cannot see objects clearly _____. A. that are more than 3 m away from them B. that are less than 1 m away from them C. unless they remove their contact lenses D. if they are less than 55 years old 11 A lens that is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges is called _____. A. a concave lens B. a convex lens C. a refracting lens D. a focal lens 12 After you run 50 m as fast as you can, you might be out of breath. What process causes your breathing to return to its regular pattern? A. impulses B. reasoning C. homeostasis D. stimuli 13 A lens that is thicker at the edges than in the middle is called _____. A. a concave lens B. a convex lens C. an optic lens D. an inverted lens 14 Moving your finger away from a sharp piece of glass that cuts your skin is a reflex response that is controlled by _____. A. the inner ear B. the retina C. the spinal cord D. the salivary glands 15 One function of your inner ear is to maintain _____. A. impulses B. stimuli C. balance D. gravity 16 Which of these is the largest part of your brain? A. the medulla B. the cerebellum C. the cerebrum D. the pons 17 ______ receive messages and send them to the cell body of the neuron. A. Axons B. Reflexes C. Synapses D. Dendrites 18 When you walk outside, the bright sunlight can cause you to quickly shut your eyes. What is the sunlight? A. an overdose B. an impulse C. an internal stimulus D. an external stimulus

19 Suppose you injure the right side of your brain. Which one of these might happen? A. Your body from the neck down might suffer paralysis. B. Your right leg might suffer paralysis. C. Your left hand may suffer paralysis. D. Both of your legs might suffer paralysis. 20 A stimulus is a change inside or outside your body that brings about _____. A. a stimulant B. a reflex C. a response D. a paralysis Chapter 6: Regulation and Reproduction 1 The joining of an egg and a sperm creates _____. A. the zygote B. the ovary C. the urethra D. the cervix 2 Which of these produces hormones that control the reproductive system? A. the lymph gland B. the mammary gland C. the thyroid gland D. the pituitary gland 3 ______ are produced by the endocrine system. A. Hormones B. Blood cells C. Tissues D. Nerves 4 Which of these connects the uterus to the outside of a woman's body? A. the sperm duct B. the seminal vesicle C. the ovary D. the vagina 5 ______ carries nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo from its mother. A. The endocrine glands B. The negative-feedback system C. The menstrual cycle D. The umbilical cord 6 After birth, the baby's umbilical cord is clamped then cut. The scar at forms is called _____. A. the semen B. the ovary C. the cervix D. the navel

7 Which of these is an organ in the female reproductive system? A. the scrotum B. the uterus C. the eggs D. the urethra 8 Which of these is true? A. The endocrine system and the nervous system do not work together. B. The nervous system doesn't react as quickly as the endocrine system. C. The nervous system and the endocrine system have similar reaction times. D. The endocrine system doesn't react as quickly as the nervous system. 9 Which of these is true about adulthood? A. Females usually begin to have menstrual cycles. B. The growth of the muscular system begins. C. The growth of the skeletal system stops. D. Males usually start their growth spurts. 10 Which of these is the process that continues life? A. adolescence B. homeostasis C. reproduction D. infancy 11 The scrotum is _____. A. part of the cardiovascular system B. an internal organ C. an external organ D. part of the nervous system 12 The mixture of sperm and fluid is called _____. A. ovulation B. testes C. uterus D. semen 13 ______ is the process when an egg is released from an ovary. A. Chemosynthesis B. Meiosis C. Ovulation D. Respiration 14 The average length of a human female menstrual cycle is _____. A. more than 45 years B. about 28 days C. nine months D. less than 24 h 15 Which of these is true? A. Identical twins are always the same gender. B. Triplets are always three boys. C. Triplets can never be a combination of boys and girls. D. Identical twins can be one boy and one girl.

16 Hormones from the endocrine system get to the bloodstream _____. A. directly from mucous secretions B. through ducts C. directly from the glands D. through cell division 17 The ______ response to a fearful situation is one function of the endocrine system. A. passive B. reproductive C. fight-or-flight D. come-or-go 18 What is the period of the first four weeks of a baby's life called? A. the fertilization period B. the adulthood period C. the neonatal period D. the adolescence period 19 ______ controls the amount of hormones the endocrine system sends. A. A negative-feedback system B. A fight-or-flight response C. The placenta D. The pelvis 20 The first menstrual period usually occurs _________. A. after age 45 B. between ages nine and 13 C. between ages 45 and 60 D. before age 9 Chapter 7: Immunity and Disease 1 What body system is attacked when a person is infected with HIV? A. respiratory system B. digestive system C. immune system D. reproductive system 2 What is the job of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. in the United States? A. produces antibiotics that are used to treat diseases B. pasteurizes all milk sold in stores C. regulates hospitals D. monitors the spread of infectious disease 3 Molecules that are foreign to your body are called _____. A. antigens B. antibodies C. memory cells D. lymphocytes

4 White blood cells called ______ are important in specific defenses against pathogens. A. vaccines B. pathogens C. antibodies D. lymphocytes 5 How can a person become infected with HIV? A. sitting on a toilet seat B. touching an infected person C. having sex with an infected person D. being near an infected person 6 What is an overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance called? A. infectious disease B. allergy C. specific defense D. STD 7 Which one of the following is a chemical that can cause a chronic lung disease when inhaled? A. antihistamine B. asbestos C. alcohol D. lead-based paint 8 With ______ some antibodies stay on duty in your blood, and more are produced rapidly if the pathogen enters your body again. A. active immunity B. first-line defenses C. passive immunity D. inflammation 9 The process of heating a liquid to kill much of the bacteria in milk and other liquids is called _____. A. immunization B. pasteurization C. inflammation D. vaccination 10 Which one of the following can increase your risk of getting cancer? A. exposure to X rays B. exposure to ultraviolet rays of the Sun C. all answers are correct D. exposure to carcinogens 11 Which one of the following could be described as a minute piece of genetic material that multiplies in host cells? A. bacterium B. protist C. fungus D. virus

12 ______ is the leading cause of cancer deaths for males in the United States. A. Prostate cancer B. Lung cancer C. Liver cancer D. Breast cancer 13 Which one of the following is a characteristic of passive immunity? A. results from antibodies made by your body B. does not last long C. is produced by vaccines D. caused by a pathogen 14 Joseph Lister recognized the relationship between the infection rate following surgery and _____. A. immunization B. diseases C. viruses D. cleanliness 15 Which one of the following is a viral STD? A. syphilis B. chlamydia C. gonorrhea D. genital herpes 16 Which one of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells? A. They can only cause tumors in the liver. B. They function normally in the body. C. Their growth is uncontrolled. D. They cannot survive in the blood. 17 Your ______ acts as a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body. A. stomach B. cilia C. white blood cells D. unbroken skin 18 What Bacterial STD has three stages and starts with a sore on the mouth or genitals? A. syphilis B. genital herpes C. cancer D. AIDS 19 Redness, swelling, and pain are all signs of what? A. active immunity B. passive immunity C. inflammation D. specific defenses 20 Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with levels of ______ produced by the pancreas. A. blood B. antibodies C. insulin D. allergens

GLENCOE LIFE SCIENCE Self-Check Quizzes CHAPTER 1 Section 1: The Skeletal System 1 Bones protect your _____. A. organs B. skin C. hair D. sense of smell 2 Which two elements help make bones hard? A. sodium and chlorine B. hydrogen and oxygen C. calcium and phosphorous D. nitrogen and helium 3 Which of these is the strong, hard layer under the periosteum? A. marrow B. voluntary muscle C. epidermis D. compact bone 4 The tight-fitting membrane on the surface of living bone is called the_____. A. periosteum B. tendon C. ligament D. dermis 5 About how many bones does the human body have at birth? A. 206 B. 300 C. 506 D. 94 6 ______ makes movement easier by reducing friction that might happen if bones rubbed together. A. Red marrow B. Hinge joints C. Cartilage D. Periosteum 7 Where is spongy bone located? A. in the soft tissue in the center of bones B. on a living bone's surface C. in the osteoblasts in the bone D. at the ends of long bones 8 Two or more bones come together at _____. A. joints B. flexors C. melanin D. pores 9 Joints in the bones of your skull are _____. A. striated C. immovable B. spongy D. gliding

10 Where would you find a hinge joint in your body? A. your hips B. your wrist C. your shoulders D. your fingers 11 How is your shoulder joint classified? A. hinge joint B. ball-and-socket joint C. gliding joint D. immovable joint Section 2: The Muscular System 1 About how many muscles are in your body? A. 4 B. 206 C. 600 D. 5,000 2 Food moves through your digestive system. What type of muscle makes this action happen? A. involuntary muscles B. voluntary muscles C. cardia muscles D. skeletal muscles 3 What type of muscle is found in your intestines? A. striated B. smooth C. skeletal D. voluntary 4 In which of these parts of your body would you find skeletal muscle? A. in your leg B. in your heart C. in your liver D. in your bladder 5 Exercised muscles are ______ than inactive muscles. A. smaller B. less striated C. more voluntary D. larger Section 3: The Skin 1 The outer layer of skin is called the_____. A. pigment B. glands C. perspiration D. epidermis 2 What is the pigment that gives your skin color called? A. red marrow C. periosteum B. melanin D. levers

3 What is the skin's most important function? A. protection B. circulation C. color D. excretion 4 ______ release waste products from the body. A. Spongy bones B. Skeletal muscles C. Sweat glands D. Cartilages 5 One function of your skin is to make _____. A. bile B. bone marrow C. energy D. vitamin D 6 ______ can be used to repair severely burned skin. A. Phosphorus B. Grafts C. Pivot joints D. Periosteum 7 Where are dead skin cells found? A. in the periosteum B. in the epidermis C. in the red marrow D. in immovable joints 8 Which of these can be found in the dermis? A. sweat glands B. melanin C. compact bone D. cartilage 9 What stops blood from flowing out of a cut? A. hemoglobin B. a clot C. smooth muscles D. osteoblasts CHAPTER 2 Section 1: Nutrition 1 What unit measures the energy in foods? A. a millimeter B. a Calorie C. a yard D. a Joule 2 What does your body need to maintain a steady internal temperature? A. energy B. chyme C. bacteria D. teeth 3 Which of these foods provides all of the essential amino acids your body needs? A. apples C. pasta B. eggs D. peas

4 How many amino acids CANNOT be made in your body? A. 20 B. 100 C. 0 D. 8 5 What are the building blocks of protein? A. carbohydrates B. copper C. amino acids D. vegetable oil 6 Which of these is an organic nutrient? A. water B. proteins C. calcium D. phosphorus 7 Which of these is an inorganic nutrient? A. carbohydrate B. vitamin D C. pasta D. water 8 Which of these is a simple carbohydrate? A. meat B. cheese C. honey D. pasta 9 Which of these is a complex carbohydrate? A. milk B. eggs C. bananas D. beans 10 Which of these is true? A. Lipids help cushion your internal organs. B. Lipids provide essential amino acids. C. Lipids keep your digestive system running smoothly. D. Lipids are inorganic nutrients. 11 Why are fats important to your body? A. They help your body get rid of vitamins. B. Their energy cannot be stored for later use. C. They provide energy. D. They are essential amino acids. 12 Which vitamin does your body make when your skin is exposed to sunlight? A. vitamin K B. vitamin B C. vitamin A D. vitamin D 13 Bananas and nuts are a source of what mineral? A. potassium B. phosphorus C. iron D. iodine

14 What food group is at the top of the food pyramid? A. bread and cereal B. fats, oils, and sweets C. meat and beans D. vegetables and fruit 15 Which food group contains yogurt and cheese? A. milk B. bread and cereal C. fats D. fruit Section 2: The Digestive System 1 The part of the digestive process that takes the longest amount of time happens in which organ? A. the mouth B. the esophagus C. the large intestine D. the kidneys 2 Which of these is an accessory organ to the digestive system? A. the salivary glands B. the small intestine C. the rectum D. the stomach 3 Which of these is part of the digestive tract? A. the pancreas B. the bladder C. the esophagus D. the nose 4 ______ are the waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. A. Peristalsis B. Chemical digestion C. Chyme D. An enzyme 5 What occurs when you chew food with your teeth? A. mechanical digestion B. chemical digestion C. peristalsis D. homeostasis 6 What covers your windpipe to prevent food from entering it? A. the gallbladder B. the stomach C. the duodenum D. the epiglottis 7 What is the shape of your stomach when empty? A. a tube B. a fist C. a sausage D. a funnel

8 Which of these can be found in the stomach? A. wastes B. hydrochloric acid C. amylase D. lipids 9 In which organ would you find the duodenum? A. the esophagus B. the kidneys C. the mouth D. the small intestine 10 Which digestive tract organ absorbs water from undigested food? A. the epiglottis B. the pancreas C. the stomach D. the large intestine CHAPTER 3 Section 1: The Circulatory System 1 Which body system moves materials throughout your body? A. the cardiovascular system B. the skeletal system C. the reproductive system D. the endocrine system 2 One way to get nutrients into cells is _____. A. perspiration B. veins C. lymphocytes D. diffusion 3 What are the upper chambers of the heart called? A. plasma B. systolic C. atriums D. aorta 4 Which of these is true? A. All four chambers of the heart contract at once during one heartbeat. B. Blood flows in only one direction between an atrium and a ventricle. C. A vein helps blood flow between the two ventricles. D. There is one atrium and one ventricle in the lower chamber of your heart. 5 Which of these is the largest artery in the human body? A. the capillary B. the platelet C. the antigen D. the aorta 6 Which of these might occur if coronary circulation is blocked? A. a fever C. a headache B. a broken bone D. a heart attack

7 Which circulatory system moves blood to your brain? A. the pulmonary circulatory system B. the coronary circulatory system C. the systemic circulatory system D. the lymphatic circulatory system 8 ______ carry blood away from the heart. A. Lungs B. Platelets C. Fibrin D. Arteries 9 Blood goes from your lower body back to your heart through _____. A. the coronary circulatory system B. the inferior vena cava C. the hemoglobin D. the transfusion 10 The measure of the force of your blood that occurs when blood is pushed out of the heart is the _____. A. white blood cells B. Rh factor C. systolic pressure D. helper T-cells 11 What prevents blood from flowing backward in the veins? A. the vena cava B. capillaries C. connective tissue D. one-way valves 12 Which of these is a normal pulse rate for an adult? A. 70 beats per minute B. six beats per minute C. 160 beats per minute D. 30 beats per minute 13 Which of these is caused when blood pressure is higher than normal? A. hemophilia B. hypertension C. anemia D. leukemia 14 When fatty deposits build up on arterial walls, ______ can develop. A. blood transfusions B. carbon dioxide C. atherosclerosis D. hemoglobin 15 Which of these can help maintain your cardiovascular system's health? A. keeping a healthy body weight B. taking up smoking C. reducing regular exercise D. eating foods high in saturated fat 16 Which of these is NOT part of your blood? A. plasma C. superior vena cava B. platelets D. white blood cells

Section 2: Blood 1 Blood makes up about eight percent of your body's weight. If a person weighs 120 pounds, about how much of that mass is blood? A. 96 pounds B. 128 pounds C. 2 pounds D. 10 pounds 2 Which of these fights invaders of your body? A. lymphocytes B. white blood cells C. diastolic pressure D. inferior vena cava 3 Which of these is a condition related to blood clotting? A. atherosclerosis B. HIV C. hemophilia D. diffusion 4 What does a clot do? A. It makes antibodies to fight infection. B. It prevents blood from traveling between the atriums of your heart. C. It identifies your blood type. D. It stops blood from escaping from a cut. 5 Which of these is true? A. A person with type A blood can receive type B blood. B. A person with type AB blood can only donate blood to a person with type AB blood. C. A person with type O blood cannot receive type O blood. D. A person with type B blood cannot donate blood to a person with type AB blood. 6 Which of these is a blood disease? A. hypertension B. platelets C. fibrin D. leukemia 7 Which of these is a function of blood? A. digest food B. transport nutrients C. produce wastes D. dissolve bone Section 3: The Lymphatic System 1 Which of these is NOT a lymphatic organ? A. the tonsils B. the lungs C. the thymus D. the spleen 2 Lymphocytes are a type of _______. A. red blood cell C. organ B. platelet D. white blood cell

3 How does lymph move throughout your body? A. The heart helps move lymph. B. Lymph nodes help circulate lymph throughout the body. C. Lymphocytes carry lymph throughout the body. D. The contraction of smooth muscles in lymph vessels and skeletal muscles moves lymph. 4 Which makes lymphocytes? A. spleen B. tonsils C. thymus D. lymph nodes 5 Which is a disease of the lymphatic system? A. Diabetes B. Hypertension C. HIV D. Atherosclerosis Chapter 4 Section 1: The Respiratory System 1 Some early experiments showed that a mouse could live in a container in which a plant had first been grown. What did the plant produce that the mouse needed? A. food B. carbon dioxide C. oxygen D. water vapor 2 ______ is the movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases. A. Respiration B. Circulation C. Excretion D. Breathing 3 What is the function of cilia that line the nasal cavity? A. trap dust from the air B. moisten the air taken in C. sweep away mucus and trapped materials D. produce sticky mucus 4 The ______ is a tubelike passageway used by food, liquid, and air. A. epiglottis B. nostril C. larynx D. pharynx 5 When you swallow, the epiglottis prevents _____. A. air from entering your lungs B. food or liquid from entering your airway C. dust and bacteria from entering your airway D. carbon dioxide from entering your lungs

6 Which one of the following is the correct pathway of air after it enters the nasal passages? A. larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs B. lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx C. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs D. larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea, lungs 7 The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs takes place between the _____. A. pharynx and lungs B. nostrils and lungs C. bronchi and bronchiles D. alveoli and capillaries 8 Your brain can control your breathing rate depending on the amount of ______ present in your blood. A. water B. carbon dioxide C. sugar D. oxygen 9 What muscle contracts and relaxes when you inhale and exhale? A. diaphragm B. lung C. trachea D. larynx 10 Which of the following is a method used to save the life of a choking victim? A. respiration B. bronchitis C. abdominal thrusts D. emphysema 11 Which one of the following is a disease of the respiratory system in which alveoli in the lungs enlarge? A. emphysema B. chronic bronchitis C. asthma D. lung cancer 12 Inhaling the tar in ______ is the greatest contributing factor to lung cancer. A. polluted air B. coal dust C. cigarette smoke D. asbestos 13 Which one of the following is a lung disorder that occurs when the bronchial tubes contract quickly? A. emphysema B. chronic bronchitis C. asthma D. common cold

Section 2: The Excretory System 1 The ______ system is made up of several different systems that function together to remove wastes from your body A. circulatory B. excretory C. urinary D. respiratory 2 What area of the brain constantly monitors the amount of water in the blood? A. kidney B. hypothalamus C. nephron D. bladder 3 The urinary system is important in regulating ______ in the body. A. fluid levels B. oxygen C. undigested material D. waste gases 4 The main organs of the urinary system are two _____. A. lungs B. alveoli C. nephrons D. kidneys 5 Each kidney is made up of about 1 million filtering units called _____. A. alveoli B. capillaries C. nephrons D. veins 6 What happens to most of the water, sugar, and salts filtered from the blood in the kidneys? A. They are converted into urine. B. They are exhaled from the lungs. C. They are reabsorbed and returned to the blood. D. They leave through the digestive system. 7 The liquid left behind in the nephron following filtration is called _____. A. urine B. blood C. sugar D. salt 8 What is the name of the elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body? A. bladder B. kidney C. ureter D. urethra

9 Besides the kidney, what other organ also filters blood to remove wastes? A. liver B. lungs C. heart D. bladder 10 Which one of the following problems can occur if someone's kidneys don't work properly? A. an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood B. less oxygen enters the capillaries C. few if any problems would occur D. an imbalance of salts 11 High levels of a protein called ______ in urine indicate kidney disease or heart failure. A. glucose B. bile C. salt D. albumin 12 During dialysis an artificial kidney machine is used to _____. A. pump blood through the heart B. produce bile C. increase lung pressure D. remove wastes from blood CHAPTER 5 Section 1: The Nervous System 1 A stimulus is a change inside or outside your body that brings about _____. A. a response B. a reflex C. a paralysis D. a stimulant 2 When you walk outside, the bright sunlight can cause you to quickly shut your eyes. What is the sunlight? A. an external stimulus B. an internal stimulus C. an impulse D. an overdose 3 After you run 50 m as fast as you can, you might be out of breath. What process causes your breathing to return to its regular pattern? A. reasoning B. homeostasis C. impulses D. stimuli 4 ______ carry messages away from the cell body of the neuron. A. Dendrites B. Axons C. Lenses D. Senses

5 ______ receive messages and send them to the cell body of the neuron. A. Axons B. Dendrites C. Synapses D. Reflexes 6 Your brain and spinal cord are joined to the other parts of your body through _____. A. the skeletal system B. the digestive system C. the reproductive system D. the peripheral nervous system 7 One part of the central nervous system is the _____. A. retina B. brain C. appendix D. cochlea 8 Which of these is NOT part of your brain? A. the cerebrum B. the cochlea C. the cerebellum D. the cortex 9 Which part of your brain has ridges and grooves on it? A. the cortex B. the midbrain C. the pons D. the medulla 10 Which of these is the largest part of your brain? A. the cerebellum B. the pons C. the cerebrum D. the medulla 11 The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates your heart beat is _____. A. the autonomic system B. the somatic system C. the skeletal system D. the muscular system 12 The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates your ability to snap your fingers is _____. A. the reproductive system B. the digestive system C. the somatic system D. the autonomic system 13 Suppose you injure the right side of your brain. Which one of these might happen? A. Your left hand may suffer paralysis. B. Your right leg might suffer paralysis. C. Both of your legs might suffer paralysis. D. Your body from the neck down might suffer paralysis.

14 Moving your finger away from a sharp piece of glass that cuts your skin is a reflex response that is controlled by _____. A. the spinal cord B. the retina C. the salivary glands D. the inner ear 15 ______ is a stimulant that can cause your heart to beat faster and make you feel restless. A. Caffeine B. Alcohol C. Salt D. MSG Section 2: The Senses 1 A lens that is thicker at the edges than in the middle is called _____. A. a concave lens B. a convex lens C. an optic lens D. an inverted lens 2 ______ are cells in the retina used to detect shape and movement. A. Cones B. Lenses C. Rods D. Pupils 3 The ______ is the front part of your eye. A. cochlea B. hammer C. retina D. cornea 4 A lens that is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges is called _____. A. a convex lens B. a concave lens C. a focal lens D. a refracting lens 5 People who are farsighted cannot clearly see objects _____. A. that are more than 3 m away from them B. until they are over 65 years old C. unless they remove their glasses D. that are less than 1 m away from them 6 People who are nearsighted cannot see objects clearly _____. A. that are less than 1 m away from them B. if they are less than 55 years old C. unless they remove their contact lenses D. that are more than 3 m away from them

7 One function of your inner ear is to maintain _____. A. balance B. gravity C. stimuli D. impulses 8 Which of the following dissolves food in your mouth? A. acid B. palate C. esophagus D. saliva 9 When your finger accidentally gets caught in a door, the pain message is sent to your brain through _____. A. sensory receptors B. homeostasis C. the medulla D. caffeine 10 Which of the following does the skin NOT sense? A. taste B. pressure C. pain D. temperature CHAPTER 6 Section 1: The Endocrine System 1 The ______ response to a fearful situation is one function of the endocrine system. A. reproductive B. fight-or-flight C. come-or-go D. passive 2 ______ are produced by the endocrine system. A. Nerves B. Hormones C. Blood cells D. Tissues 3 Which of these is true? A. The nervous system doesn't react as quickly as the endocrine system. B. The endocrine system doesn't react as quickly as the nervous system. C. The nervous system and the endocrine system have similar reaction times. D. The endocrine system and the nervous system do not work together. 4 Hormones from the endocrine system get to the bloodstream _____. A. directly from the glands B. through ducts C. through cell division D. directly from mucous secretions

5 _________ controls the amount of hormones the endocrine system sends. A. A negative-feedback system B. A fight-or-flight response C. The placenta D. The pelvis 6 Which of these is a hormone produced in the pancreas? A. sperm B. ducts C. insulin D. uterus Section 2: The Reproductive System 1 Which of these produces hormones that control the reproductive system? A. the lymph gland B. the pituitary gland C. the thyroid gland D. the mammary gland 2 Which of these is the process that continues life? A. reproduction B. homeostasis C. adolescence D. infancy 3 Sperm production is more efficient _____. A. at lower temperatures B. at higher temperatures C. when the organs are inside the body D. when produced in the ovaries 4 The mixture of sperm and fluid is called _____. A. semen B. testes C. ovulation D. uterus 5 The scrotum is _____. A. an external organ B. an internal organ C. part of the nervous system D. part of the cardiovascular system 6 ______ is the process when an egg is release from an ovary. A. respiration B. ovulation C. meiosis D. chemosynthesis 7 Which of these is an organ in the female reproductive system? A. the urethra B. the uterus C. the scrotum D. the eggs

8 Which of these connects the uterus to the outside of a woman's body? A. the sperm duct B. the ovary C. the seminal vesicle D. the vagina 9 What is the flow of blood and tissue cells from the uterus called? A. ovulation B. menstruation C. fertilization D. semen 10 The average length of a human female menstrual cycle is _____. A. nine months B. about 28 days C. less than 24 h D. more than 45 years 11 When does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle? A. during menopause B. during fertilization C. soon after birth D. 14 days before menstruation begins 12 The first menstrual period usually occurs _________. A. after age 45 B. between ages 45 and 60 C. between ages nine and 13 D. before age 9 Section 3: Human Life Stages 1 Fraternal twins _____. A. can be one boy and one girl B. can be only two boys C. can be only two girls D. cannot be one boy and one girl 2 ______ carries nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo from its mother. A. The endocrine glands B. The negative-feedback system C. The umbilical cord D. The menstrual cycle 3 After birth, the baby's umbilical cord is clamped then cut. The scar that forms is called _____. A. the cervix B. the ovary C. the semen D. the navel 4 What is the period of the first four weeks of a baby's life called? A. the adolescence period B. the adulthood period C. the neonatal period D. the fertilization period

5 Which of these is true about adulthood? A. The growth of the skeletal system stops. B. The growth of the muscular system begins. C. Males usually start their growth spurts. D. Females usually begin to have menstrual cycles. 6 Which of these is true? A. Identical twins can be one boy and one girl. B. Triplets are always three boys. C. Identical twins are always the same gender. D. Triplets can never be a combination of boys and girls. CHAPTER 7 Section 1: The Immune System 1 Your ______ acts as a barrier that prevents many pathogens from entering your body. A. stomach B. unbroken skin C. white blood cells D. cilia 2 Which of the following is a defense against pathogens that are used by your digestive system? A. white blood cells B. hydrochloric acid C. perspiration D. oil glands 3 Redness, swelling, and pain are all signs of what? A. specific defenses B. active immunity C. passive immunity D. inflammation 4 Molecules that are foreign to your body are called _____. A. antibodies B. antigens C. lymphocytes D. memory cells 5 White blood cells called ______ are important in specific defenses against pathogens. A. pathogens B. lymphocytes C. antibodies D. vaccines 6 With ______ some antibodies stay on duty in your blood, and more are produced rapidly if the pathogen enters your body again. A. passive immunity B. first-line defenses C. inflammation D. active immunity

7 Forms of antigens that give you active immunity to a disease without getting the disease first are called _____. A. viruses B. vaccines C. fevers D. antibodies 8 Which one of the following is a characteristic of passive immunity? A. is produced by vaccines B. does not last long C. results from antibodies made by your body D. caused by a pathogen 9 The process of heating a liquid to kill much of the bacteria in milk and other liquids is called _____. A. vaccination B. inflammation C. pasteurization D. immunization Section 2: Infectious Diseases 1 Which one of the following could be described as a minute piece of genetic material that multiplies in host cells? A. bacterium B. protist C. virus D. fungus 2 Who developed a way to tell which specific organism caused a specific disease? A. Louis Pasteur B. Joseph Lister C. medieval scientists D. Robert Koch 3 Joseph Lister recognized the relationship between the infection rate following surgery and _____. A. cleanliness B. viruses C. diseases D. immunization 4 An example of a biological vector is _____. A. bacterium B. virus C. a mosquito D. water fountain 5 What is the job of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. in the United States? A. monitors the spread of infectious disease B. pasteurizes all milk sold in stores C. regulates hospitals D. produces antibiotics that are used to treat diseases

6 Which one of the following is a viral STD? A. syphilis B. gonorrhea C. chlamydia D. genital herpes 7 How can a person become infected with HIV? A. having sex with an infected person B. touching an infected person C. sitting on a toilet seat D. being near an infected person 8 What body system is attacked when a person is infected with HIV? A. immune system B. digestive system C. reproductive system D. respiratory system 9 What Bacterial STD has three stages and starts with a sore on the mouth or genitals? A. syphilis B. AIDS C. genital herpes D. cancer Section 3: Noninfectious Diseases 1 What is an overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance called? A. infectious disease B. STD C. allergy D. specific defense 2 Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with levels of ______ produced by the pancreas. A. antibodies B. allergens C. blood D. insulin 3 Which one of the following is a chemical that can cause a chronic lung disease when inhaled? A. alcohol B. lead-based paint C. asbestos D. antihistamine 4 Which one of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells? A. they function normally in the body B. their growth is uncontrolled C. they can only cause tumors in the liver D. they can not survive in the blood

5 ______ is the leading cause of cancer deaths for males in the United States. A. Prostate cancer B. Liver cancer C. Breast cancer D. Lung cancer 6 Which one of the following can increase your risk of getting cancer? A. exposure to X rays B. all of the above C. exposure to ultraviolet rays of the Sun D. exposure to carcinogens 7 Surgery, irradiation with X rays, and chemotherapy have been used to treat _____. A. diabetes B. cancer C. allergies D. malaria

CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS CHAPTER 1: ACCBB BBCAD BACDC ABAAA CHAPTER 2: DBCAC DCCAB DBDAD CCBCB CHAPTER 3: CBAAA BCAAB CADDA ACCDD CHAPTER 4: DCDDB ACCAA CACAA ACCCB CHAPTER 4: CBCDC CCDCA BCACC CDDCC CHAPTER 6: ADADD DBDCC CDCBA CCCAB CHAPTER 7: CDADC BBABC DBBDD CDACC

SELF CHECK QUIZZES ANSWERS: CHAPTER 1 1.1 ACDAB CDACD B 1.2 CABAD 1.3 DBACD BBAB CHAPTER 2 2.1 BABDC BDCDA CDABA 2.2 CACAA DCBDD CHAPTER 3 3.1 ADCBD DCDBC DABCA C 3.2 DBCDB DB 3.3 BDDCC CHAPTER 4 4.1 CDCDB CDBAC ACC 4.2 BBADC CAAAD DD CHAPTER 5 5.1 AABBB DBBAC ACAAA 5.2 ACDAD DADAA CHAPTER 6 6.1 BBBAA C 6.2 BAAAA BBDBB DC 6.3 ACDCA C CHAPTER 7 7.1 BBDBB DBBC 7.2 CDACA DAAA 7.3 CDCBD BB