Global Global Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Trends Trends Need for Tracking, Need for Tracking,

Assessment and Monitoring Assessment and Monitoring

Dr. Arun Gupta, Dr. Arun Gupta, MD, FIAPMD, FIAP

Regional Coordinator, IBFAN Asia PacificRegional Coordinator, IBFAN Asia Pacific

National Coordinator, BPNINational Coordinator, BPNI

The Global Strategy for IYCFThe Global Strategy for IYCF

““WHO and UNICEF jointly WHO and UNICEF jointly developed the Global developed the Global Strategy for Infant and Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding to Young Child Feeding to revitalize world attention to revitalize world attention to the impact that feeding the impact that feeding practices have on the practices have on the nutritional status, growth nutritional status, growth and development, health, and development, health, and thus the very survival of and thus the very survival of infants and young infants and young children……..”children……..”

Sources:For cause-specific mortality: EIP/WHO.For Under nutrition: Pelletier DL, et al, AMJ Public Health 1993, 83:1130-1133

Major causes of death among children under five, worldwide, 2000, Malnutrition is associated with infant and

young child mortality

Diarrhoea12%

Other29%

Pneumonia20%

Malaria8%

Measles5%HIV/AIDS

4%

Prenatal22%

Deaths associated

with Undernutritio

n

54%

According to the Global Strategy, 2/3rd deaths are According to the Global Strategy, 2/3rd deaths are related to inappropriate feeding practicesrelated to inappropriate feeding practices

““Malnutrition has been responsible, directly or indirectly, for Malnutrition has been responsible, directly or indirectly, for 60% of the 10.9 million deaths annually among children under 60% of the 10.9 million deaths annually among children under five. five. Well over two-thirds of these deaths, which are often associated with inappropriate feeding practices, occur during feeding practices, occur during the first year of life……” the first year of life……” Global Strategy for IYCFGlobal Strategy for IYCF

Emphasis ours

The Global Strategy The Global Strategy

““Inappropriate feeding practices and their Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. and poverty reduction. Governments will Governments will be unsuccessful in their efforts to be unsuccessful in their efforts to accelerate economic development in accelerate economic development in any significant long-term sense until any significant long-term sense until optimal child growth and optimal child growth and development, especially through development, especially through appropriate feeding practices, are appropriate feeding practices, are ensured”ensured”

Emphasis ours

WHA Resolution 55.25WHA Resolution 55.25

Endorses the Global Strategy and calls for urgent Endorses the Global Strategy and calls for urgent action to develop, implement , monitor and action to develop, implement , monitor and evaluate a national policy and plan of action evaluate a national policy and plan of action on IYCFon IYCF

(3) To defile for this purpose, consistent with (3) To defile for this purpose, consistent with national circumstances:national circumstances:

(a)(a) National goals and objectives,National goals and objectives,

(b)(b) A realistic timeline for their achievement,A realistic timeline for their achievement,

(c)(c) Measurable process and output indicators Measurable process and output indicators that will permit accurate monitoring and that will permit accurate monitoring and evaluation of action taken and a rapid evaluation of action taken and a rapid

response to identified needsresponse to identified needs;;

Infant mortality trends in South Infant mortality trends in South Asia and MDGsAsia and MDGs

0

50

100

150

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Afganistan

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

India

Maldives

Nepal

Bhutan

Bangladesh

Ex. Breastfeeding in South Ex. Breastfeeding in South AsiaAsia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Afganistan Bangladesh Bhutan Pakistan* Sri Lanka* India* Maldives Nepal

* Refers to exclusive breastfeeding for less than 4 monthsSource: SOWC 2004

India trends in IYCFIndia trends in IYCF

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

NFH-1 NFHS-2

Initiation of BF Exclusive BF Complementary BF

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