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Global Energy Supply and Use
The Sun: Source of Earth’s Energy
• The Sun is the primary (> 99%) source of heat for the planet
• Direct• Indirect:
– Wind– Water moving– Biomass
• Commercial Energy: the remaining ~ 1% energy – Mostly from extracting and burning non-
renewable fossil fuels
Commercial Energy
• Uses? Transportation, Heating, Industry, and Electricity Generation– These are not the same– Substitution not always practical/possible
• 84% from non-renewable
• The future does not look much different…
Electricity Generation
Description 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
Coal[1]2,016,45
61,990,511 2,012,873 1,978,301
1,973,737
1,933,130
Petroleum[2] 65,739 64,166 122,225 121,145 119,406 94,567
Natural Gas 896,590 816,441 760,960 710,100 649,908 691,006
Other Gases[3] 13,453 14,177 13,464 15,252 15,600 11,463
Nuclear 806,425 787,219 781,986 788,528 763,733 780,064
Hydroelectric Conventional
247,510 289,246 270,321 268,417 275,806 264,329
Other Renewables
105,238 96,525 87,329 83,067 79,487 79,109
Wind 34,450 26,589 17,811 14,144 11,187 10,354
Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic
612 508 550 575 534 555
Wood and WoodDerivedFuels
39,014 38,762 38,856 38,117 37,529 38,665
Geothermal 14,637 14,568 14,692 14,811 14,424 14,491
Other Biomass 16,525 16,099 15,420 15,421 15,812 15,044
Pumped Storage
-6,896 -6,558 -6,558 -8,488 -8,535 -8,743
Other[9] 12,231 12,974[R] 12,821[R] 14,232[R] 14,045 13,527
All Energy Sources
4,156,745
4,064,702 4,055,423 3,970,5553,883,18
53,858,45
2
Electric Power Sources-Energy Information Administration (US) (1000 mW-hr)
Electric Generator
Electricity Demand Varies
NETElectricityGeneration(trillion kW-hr)
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Avg AnnualChang
e
Liquid/Petro
1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 -0.9
Nat Gas 3.4 4.7 5.9 7.0 7.7 8.4 3.7
Coal 7.2 9.0 10.7 12.1 13.7 15.4 3.1
Nuclear 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.8 1.4
Renewable 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0 1.8
World Electricity Generation Forecast
web site www. eia.doe.gov/iea.
NET Energy: the energy that matters
• Takes energy to make energy
• Net = (total energy in resource) – (energy needed to find, extract, process, deliver
• Could also present as a ratio: – Net Energy Ratio = (useful energy
produced)/(useful energy used to produce)
• Obviously, this ratio should be > 1
• Now, let’s take another look at the previous slide