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Global Glance at Commercialized
Biotech/GM Crops by 2018
Margaret Karembu, PhD
Director, ISAAA AfriCenter
27th August, 2019, Pretoria RSA
Network of 26 Biotech Information Centers - BICs
Philippines
ISAAA’s Global KC
Indonesia
Malaysia
Brazil
China
India
Egypt
EACBIC
ISAAA AfriCenter
South Africa
Thailand
Mali
Pakistan
Russia
Bulgaria
Sri Lanka
Spain
ItalyJapan
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
ISAAA AmeriCenter
Vietnam
Dual Knowledge and Experience Sharing
Weekly e-Newsletter – Crop Biotech Update (CBU)
UBIC
ISAAA’s Communications' and Global
Knowledge Sharing Initiative – Pro-Choice
“Bt cotton enterprise has been
rewarding, enabling me to purchase
2 tractors, a car and a house. I have
also managed to pay my younger
sister’s education.
Attending to our crops is so much
easier and has drastically reduced
labour. We no longer need to carry
crude tools to weed and spray as
most of this is now done
mechanically”
Our Motivation
35 year-old Ms. Maria Swele
“I have made a 100%
loss this season due to
the Fall Armyworm, if
scientists have a
solution I need it
now…”
Christopher Mwasia –
Maize farmer, Kenya
Reason to Press on...
Expert Voices
• Population of 9.9 B in 2050, 11.2 B in 2100
• Climate change related stresses such as drought
account for 80% of economic losses worth US$29
billion (N10.5trn); 10-25% yield losses in staples rice,
maize and wheat per degree increase in temperature
• Emergence of new pests and diseases such as fall
armyworm that destroys maize, rice, vegetables,
groundnut and cotton
• More losses expected with the interplay of these
stresses, needing 119% increase in edible crops by
2050
…and the list goes on.
Challenges in Feeding the World of Tomorrow
• Biotech Crop Adoption in 2018
• New Approvals and Commercialized Crops
• Future Prospects (2018 and beyond)
Biotech Crops Continue to Help Meet
Challenges of Increased Population and
Climate Change
Report Overview
• 70 countries adopted biotech crops through
cultivation and importation
• 26 countries (21 developing and 5
industrialized countries) planted 191.7 million
hectares of biotech crops
• 1.9 million hectares added from 2017
• Nigeria became the first country in the world
to approve biotech cowpea
• Swaziland joined South Africa and Sudan in
planting biotech crops in Africa
Report Summary
Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2018:
Industrial and Developing Countries
191.7m
Total biotech
crop area in
2018 (Ha)
103.1m
Biotech crop
area in
developing
countries (Ha)
88.6m
Biotech crop
area in
industrial
countries (Ha)
Global Area of Biotech Crops, 2018:
Regional Proportions and Country Area
10 Latin American, 9 Asia Pacific, 2 North American,
2 EU, and 3 African countries
Top 5 Countries that Planted Biotech
Crops in 2018 (Area and Adoption Rate)
Sudan
Ethiopia
Kenya
Tanzania
Uganda
Mozambique
eSwatini
South Africa
Ghana
Burkina Faso Nigeria
Cameroon
Malawi
Key
12 Crops(3 commercial, rest
pipeline)
13 Countries14 Traits
2018 Africa Commercial Planting 3.14 million Ha; RSA in top ten; Nigeria 1st country globally to approve Bt cowpea
22.3
61.5
90102
120.6
192
243
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19
Area (1000 Ha)
Bt Cotton Adoption in Sudan 2012-2018
.
Diversifying into cotton, a
crop that does well in dry
areas, is a big relief for
farmers. Bt cotton is a big
fortune.
Farmer Voices
Bt Cotton in Eswatini…
NISELA Bt cotton farms in
Nsoko, Eswatini
Farmer Voices - Sudan
Biotech canola – USA and Canada
Countries with Close to or Over
90% Major Biotech Crop Adoption
Biotech soybean - USA, Brazil, Argentina,
Canada, Paraguay, South Africa, Bolivia and
Uruguay
Biotech maize – USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada,
and Uruguay
Biotech cotton – USA, Argentina, India,
Paraguay, Pakistan, China, South Africa,
Australia, and Mexico
Global Adoption Rates (%)
for Principal Biotech Crops, 2018
Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to
2018: By Trait
New Crops and Traits Planted in 2018
400 hectares Insect resistant
sugarcane, Brazil
Best solution to cane borer which
cost US$1.5 billion losses and
insecticide expense
1,343 hectares drought tolerant
sugarcane in government-owned
farms in Indonesia
20-30% higher yield compared to
conventional
68 hectares of high oleic
safflower in R&D, market
development and seed
production, Australia
Impact of Biotech Crops from 1996-2016
• Capability – Ability to edit native crop genes coding for important traits and generating non-transgenic plants
• Four Comparative Advantages over Conventional/GM
1. Precision – more precise, similar to natural mutations, no new material inserted in the genome
2. Regulation – science-based, fit-for-purpose, proportionate and non-onerous regulation – several countries have classified genome-edited as non-GM
3. Speed – substantially faster
4. Cost – faster-speed and less onerous regulation translates to significant cost savings
• Genome-edited crops being improved include, soybean, maize, wheat, rice, potato, tomato, and peanuts
Potential of New Breeding TechnologiesCRISPR, TALENs, Zinc Finger Nucleases
Non-browning mushrooms:
knock out of ppo gene, in
the market
Altered starch composition:
deletion of wax gene
Northern leaf blight resistance:
allele replacement
Knock-out ppo5 to reduce black
spots
Genome-edited Products for Release to Farmer Fields
Genome-edited Products for Release to Farmer Fields
6,475 hectares High
Oleic acid soybean
with no transfat,
USA, 2018
Camelina sativa with high yield
and quality oil content, US
approved, in 2019 release
High fiber wheat,
approved in the US,
2020 release
Other GE products not
regulated:
• Powdery mildew-resistant
wheat
• High oleic/low linoleic
soybeans
• Cold storable potatoesImproved lignin
content in Alfalfa
Le
ve
l o
f d
eve
lop
me
nt
Level of Functionality
MAIN CHALLENGE:
Unpredictable Political, Regulatory and
Policy Landscape
Long
Tedious
Painful
Many extraneous
variables!
‘THE EU FACTOR’
ORGANIC?
AGRO-
ECOLOGY?
(Ref F. Nangayo 2017)
Role of the Media
From Debate to Dialogue…
Help Africa shed off
“victim mentality”
and become active players
in building a vibrant
BIOECONOMY
Future Prospects
1. New biotech crops and traits in the pipeline
2. Application of science-based and efficient GM crop regulation
3. The potential of New Breeding Techniques such as genome editing in variety development
Biotechnology continues to be important to
meet the 50% increase in food demand by 2050!
Biotech crops can help
address challenges named
by F.A.O., U.N.:
Population growth,
urbanization and ageing
Climate change
Agricultural productivity and
innovation
Transboundary pests and
diseases
Nutrition and health
Food losses and waste
August 2019
Thank you