GLOBAL GLOBAL INEQUALITYINEQUALITY

BY: Andrew ChenBY: Andrew Chen

THE GLOBAL DIVIDETHE GLOBAL DIVIDE

In many parts of the world people are fighting In many parts of the world people are fighting starvationstarvation

Many of these people have to fight hunger by using Many of these people have to fight hunger by using coping mechanisms –ex: Eritrean woman will strap coping mechanisms –ex: Eritrean woman will strap flat stones to their stomachs to lessen their hungerflat stones to their stomachs to lessen their hunger

Others live their whole life without even the Others live their whole life without even the thought of hunger.thought of hunger.

A few centuries ago this great division did not A few centuries ago this great division did not exist.exist.

I was not until the Industrial Revolution did the I was not until the Industrial Revolution did the living standard rise for so many people, but also living standard rise for so many people, but also was not evenly distributed across the world.was not evenly distributed across the world.

Stratification in the World SystemStratification in the World System

What is Stratification?What is Stratification?

Stratification in the World System is Stratification in the World System is the division of the world’s countries the division of the world’s countries

according to wealth.according to wealth.

Stratification in the World SystemStratification in the World System

One great difference between the “developing” One great difference between the “developing” nations and the “industrial” nations is that in nations and the “industrial” nations is that in countries like the U.S and the other elite, the per countries like the U.S and the other elite, the per capita gross national income is $31,000, capita gross national income is $31,000, compared to the $900 or less in at least 10 poorer compared to the $900 or less in at least 10 poorer countries (As of 2006).countries (As of 2006).

Also these elite countries are continuing control Also these elite countries are continuing control the world market through three major forces: the the world market through three major forces: the legacy of colonialism, the advent of multinational legacy of colonialism, the advent of multinational corporations, and modernizationscorporations, and modernizations

Discussion !Discussion !

What are your ideas of what a What are your ideas of what a industrialized nation is and what a industrialized nation is and what a

developing nation is ?????developing nation is ?????

The Legacy of ColonialismThe Legacy of Colonialism Colonialism has played a huge part on our early Colonialism has played a huge part on our early

histories. Now even though colonialism has disappeared, histories. Now even though colonialism has disappeared, many independent nations are still looking back on their many independent nations are still looking back on their former providers for support. This lack of independence former providers for support. This lack of independence is due to the lack of development in these countries, is due to the lack of development in these countries, therefore crippling them for self rule. Since these therefore crippling them for self rule. Since these countries did not have the development needed to countries did not have the development needed to industrialize they called upon the support of the more industrialize they called upon the support of the more industrialized countries. This new type of dependency industrialized countries. This new type of dependency system is called system is called neocolonialism neocolonialism

Through the forces of colonialism and neocolonialism a Through the forces of colonialism and neocolonialism a new world structure has formed. At the heart or core of new world structure has formed. At the heart or core of this structure is where the power and wealth is held, this structure is where the power and wealth is held, countries in the core include the United Kingdom, countries in the core include the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, and the U.S. In the other end is the Canada, Japan, and the U.S. In the other end is the Periphery countries or the where the resources are taken Periphery countries or the where the resources are taken from. These countries include Afghanistan, Chad, Egypt, from. These countries include Afghanistan, Chad, Egypt, and Haiti. Finally in the middle are the Semi periphery and Haiti. Finally in the middle are the Semi periphery where the countries have marginal economic status.where the countries have marginal economic status.

Even as the lesser countries become more modern they Even as the lesser countries become more modern they will still be subservient to the core. will still be subservient to the core.

The integration of all these countries is called The integration of all these countries is called globalization.globalization.

Discussion !!Discussion !!

Do you believe that Globalization is a Do you believe that Globalization is a natural occurrence resulting from the natural occurrence resulting from the advancement of technology or as a advancement of technology or as a process that allows powerful nations process that allows powerful nations

to expand unchecked?to expand unchecked?

Multinational CorporationsMultinational Corporations Multinational Corporations are commercial organizations that are Multinational Corporations are commercial organizations that are

headquartered in one country but do business throughout the world.headquartered in one country but do business throughout the world. Though Corporations have been trading throughout the world for a Though Corporations have been trading throughout the world for a

long time, now these powerful companies are not just trading but are long time, now these powerful companies are not just trading but are producing in other countries.producing in other countries.

These Corporations are so powerful that their total revenues are on These Corporations are so powerful that their total revenues are on par with the total value of goods services exchanged in some entire par with the total value of goods services exchanged in some entire nations. Also over 10 percent of all goods and services produced in nations. Also over 10 percent of all goods and services produced in the U.S relates to the export of goods to foreign countries.the U.S relates to the export of goods to foreign countries.

VIEWS: VIEWS: Functionalist View- Functionalist believe that Multinational Functionalist View- Functionalist believe that Multinational

corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world by corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world by bringing industry to those nations. Basically Multinationals take max bringing industry to those nations. Basically Multinationals take max advantage while reducing cost and boosting profitsadvantage while reducing cost and boosting profits

Conflict View- Conflict theorist believe that the Multinational Conflict View- Conflict theorist believe that the Multinational Corporations are actually exploiting the workers in search for the Corporations are actually exploiting the workers in search for the cheapest labor. Companies like Nike changed their factories from cheapest labor. Companies like Nike changed their factories from country to country to look for people who are willing to work for less. country to country to look for people who are willing to work for less. Also, due to the power of these corporations many local Also, due to the power of these corporations many local entrepreneurs are put out of business and also create economic entrepreneurs are put out of business and also create economic inequality.inequality.

Discussion !!!Discussion !!!

Are you a Functionalist or a conflict Are you a Functionalist or a conflict theorist ??theorist ??

Worldwide Poverty Worldwide Poverty Almost 3 billion people a day subsist on $2 a Almost 3 billion people a day subsist on $2 a

day or lessday or less Millennium Project – UN launched project to Millennium Project – UN launched project to

eliminate extreme poverty in unfortunate eliminate extreme poverty in unfortunate countries. They planed for Industrial countries. They planed for Industrial Countries to set aside 0.7 percent of their Countries to set aside 0.7 percent of their gross national product for aid to the gross national product for aid to the developing nations.developing nations.

The money that people in the U.S sends The money that people in the U.S sends back or remittance is estimated at $199 back or remittance is estimated at $199 billion twice the total foreign aid from all billion twice the total foreign aid from all countries.countries.

ModernizationModernization

Modernization is the far-reaching process by which Modernization is the far-reaching process by which periphery nations move from traditional or less periphery nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. developed societies.

These modern societies tend to be urban, literate, These modern societies tend to be urban, literate, and industrial. Also the families in these societies are and industrial. Also the families in these societies are more nuclear rather than extended. more nuclear rather than extended.

However this view is quite bias because why should However this view is quite bias because why should these countries what to become more like these countries what to become more like industrialized countries such as the United States (as industrialized countries such as the United States (as viewed from a conflict theorist).viewed from a conflict theorist).

Functionalist view Modernization as a good way for Functionalist view Modernization as a good way for developing nations to improve their lives. While developing nations to improve their lives. While critics see modernization is just another way for the critics see modernization is just another way for the core nations to exploit the developing ones further core nations to exploit the developing ones further more.more.

Stratification in MexicoStratification in Mexico Every year several hundred Mexicans die in the trek from Sonora Every year several hundred Mexicans die in the trek from Sonora

in Mexico to Arizona in Americain Mexico to Arizona in America But Why do all these people risk their lives to cross a border, the But Why do all these people risk their lives to cross a border, the

answer lies in the effects of colonialism and neocolonialism.answer lies in the effects of colonialism and neocolonialism. Just to get an idea of the difference the gross national income of Just to get an idea of the difference the gross national income of

the U.S in 2005 is $41,950 while Mexico’s was only $10,030the U.S in 2005 is $41,950 while Mexico’s was only $10,030 In the U.S about 87% of adults have a high school education In the U.S about 87% of adults have a high school education

compared to the 13 % in Mexicocompared to the 13 % in Mexico In the U.S only about 6 out of every 1000 infants die compared to In the U.S only about 6 out of every 1000 infants die compared to

the 21 per 1000 infants in Mexico.the 21 per 1000 infants in Mexico. Although most of Mexico is poor it was also the 11Although most of Mexico is poor it was also the 11thth in the world in in the world in

terms of amount of the world’s wealthiest people. Making the gap terms of amount of the world’s wealthiest people. Making the gap between the rich and poor extremely large for Mexico. Along with between the rich and poor extremely large for Mexico. Along with wealth class, race, religion, gender, as well as age also divide the wealth class, race, religion, gender, as well as age also divide the countries.countries.

Race Relations in Mexico and Race Relations in Mexico and Status of Women Status of Women

The Native Indians which amount to about 14 % of the Mexico’s The Native Indians which amount to about 14 % of the Mexico’s population are at a great disadvantage in Mexico. 90% of the population are at a great disadvantage in Mexico. 90% of the Natives live in houses without sewers and more of the percentage Natives live in houses without sewers and more of the percentage of the Indian population is illiterate then any other racial group. of the Indian population is illiterate then any other racial group. Along with the Indians are the descendents of the 200,000 Africans Along with the Indians are the descendents of the 200,000 Africans brought over for the slave trade.brought over for the slave trade.

On the other end the Criollos which make up 10% of the population On the other end the Criollos which make up 10% of the population are typically white. They are well educated business owners and are typically white. They are well educated business owners and intellectuals whom have ties back to Spain.intellectuals whom have ties back to Spain.

In the middle of it all are the mestizos, they make up the majority of In the middle of it all are the mestizos, they make up the majority of the Mexican population. They are the mix between the high class the Mexican population. They are the mix between the high class and the low class. and the low class.

Though students are taught that all Mexican’s are equal a change Though students are taught that all Mexican’s are equal a change from the old ways is hard.from the old ways is hard.

Women in Mexico are still not respected members of the work force Women in Mexico are still not respected members of the work force and usually receive the lowest ranked job they do make 44% of the and usually receive the lowest ranked job they do make 44% of the labor force and also 23% of the legislature which is higher then a labor force and also 23% of the legislature which is higher then a great amount of other countriesgreat amount of other countries

The BorderlandsThe Borderlands The Borderlands refers to the area Between the U.S and The Borderlands refers to the area Between the U.S and

Mexico.Mexico. Due to the close relations between the two countries many Due to the close relations between the two countries many

maquiladoras maquiladoras (factories) arise on the Mexican side of the (factories) arise on the Mexican side of the border. Because these factories do not have to pay taxes or border. Because these factories do not have to pay taxes or give their worker’s any benefits, it has attracted many North give their worker’s any benefits, it has attracted many North American manufacturers.American manufacturers.

Though these factories have some benefits to the economy, Though these factories have some benefits to the economy, conflict theorist believe that the cost of exploitation of works conflict theorist believe that the cost of exploitation of works and sexual discrimination towards women is more great of and sexual discrimination towards women is more great of the cost to society.the cost to society.

However just like America, due to lower wages in China about However just like America, due to lower wages in China about 42% of the 700,000 jobs created by maquiladoras were 42% of the 700,000 jobs created by maquiladoras were eliminated from Mexico. It is due to these losses in jobs and eliminated from Mexico. It is due to these losses in jobs and lack of payment do so many of these workers cross the lack of payment do so many of these workers cross the border to the U.S. They work extremely hard after they come border to the U.S. They work extremely hard after they come over and the money they send back (remittances) are only over and the money they send back (remittances) are only second to oil, as a source of income for Mexican family. second to oil, as a source of income for Mexican family.

Universal Human RightsUniversal Human Rights

What Are Universal Human Rights?What Are Universal Human Rights? Universal Human Rights is defined as the moral rights possessed by Universal Human Rights is defined as the moral rights possessed by

all people because they are human.all people because they are human. The greatest elaboration of human rights was adopt by the UN in The greatest elaboration of human rights was adopt by the UN in

1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This prohibited 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This prohibited slavery, torture, and degrading punishment. As well as promised the slavery, torture, and degrading punishment. As well as promised the establishment of some fundamental rights.establishment of some fundamental rights.

Human rights has always been a huge issue since the beginning of Human rights has always been a huge issue since the beginning of our countries history. During that time America was actually not our countries history. During that time America was actually not supporting a binding obligation to the Universal Declaration of Human supporting a binding obligation to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, due to segregation at that time. However as segregation Rights, due to segregation at that time. However as segregation disappeared the U.S used it as a way to promote democracy.disappeared the U.S used it as a way to promote democracy.

But what is acceptable and what is not when it come to human But what is acceptable and what is not when it come to human rights? Many countries argue that human rights should be different rights? Many countries argue that human rights should be different for each country while the U.S believes that it is the universal law of for each country while the U.S believes that it is the universal law of the world.the world.

Many traditions held by certain countries are considered violations of Many traditions held by certain countries are considered violations of human rights, but to the countries that perform these traditions its is human rights, but to the countries that perform these traditions its is not just part of life, but of culture.not just part of life, but of culture.

Last Discussion Last Discussion

Do you believe that the Universal Declaration of Do you believe that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights should be implemented throughout Human Rights should be implemented throughout the globe or exceptions should be made?the globe or exceptions should be made?