Global Monitoring Report

7/31/2019 Global Monitoring Report

1/190

Mbgckb Fgle~gselm Shtgs~ 34;3

Jggn Tseihy" Lx~se~egl" kln

~ah Febbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby

:1;=;


2/190


3/190

Jggn Tseihy" Lx~se~egl" kln ~ahFebbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby



4/190


5/190

Jggn Tseihy" Lx~se~egl" kln ~ahFebbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby



6/190

34;3 âh El~hslk~eglkb Cklo jgs Shigly~sxi~egl kln Nhzhbgtfhl~ ' âh ]gsbn Cklo

;1;1 A Y~shh~ L]]kyaelm~gl NI 34>99^hbhtaglh0 343&>=9&;444El~hslh~0 }}},}gsbncklo,gsmKbb sema~y shyhszhn

; 3 9 > ;8 ;> ;9 ;3

âey zgbxfh ey k tsgnxi~ gj ~ah y~kjjy gj ah ]gsbn Cklo kln ah El~hslk~eglkb Fglh~ksu Jxln, ah ln&elmy" el~hstsh~k~egly" kln iglibxyegly hqtshyyhn el ~aey zgbxfh ng lg~ lhihyyksebu shffihi~ ~ah zeh}y gj ~ah

Cgksn gj Hqhix~ezh Neshi~gsy gj âh ]gsbn Cklo" ~ah Cgksn gj Hqhix~ezh Neshi~gsy gj âh El~hslk~eglkbFglh~ksu Jxln" gs ~ah mgzhslfhl~y ~ahu shtshyhl~,

âh ]gsbn Cklo kln âh El~hslk~eglkb Fglh~ksu Jxln ng lg~ mxkskl~hh ~ah kiixskiu gj ~ah nk~kelibxnhn el ~aey }gso, âh cgxlnksehy" igbgsy" nhlgfelk~egly" kln g~ahs eljgsfk~egl yag}l gl klu fktel ~aey }gso ng lg~ eftbu klu `xnmhfhl~ gl ~ah tks~ gj âh ]gsbn Cklo gs âh El~hslk~eglkb Fglh~ksuJxln iglihslelm ~ah bhmkb y~k~xy gj klu ~hsse~gsu gs ~ah hlngsyhfhl~ gs kiiht~klih gj yxia cgxlnksehy,

Sema~y kln Thsfeyyeglyâh fk~hsekb el ~aey txcbeik~egl ey igtusema~hn, Igtuelm kln'gs ~sklyfe~~elm tgs~egly gs kbb gj ~aey }gso}e~agx~ thsfeyyegl fku ch k zegbk~egl gj kttbeikcbh bk}, âh El~hslk~eglkb Cklo jgs Shigly~sxi~egl klnNhzhbgtfhl~ ' âh ]gsbn Cklo hligxskmhy neyyhfelk~egl gj e~y }gso kln }ebb lgsfkbbu mskl~ thsfeyyegl~g shtsgnxih tgs~egly gj ~ah }gso tsgft~bu,

Jgs thsfeyyegl ~g tag~gigtu gs shtsel~ klu tks~ gj ~aey }gso" tbhkyh yhln k sh{xhy~ }e~a igftbh~h

eljgsfk~egl ~g ~ah Igtusema~ Ibhksklih Ihl~hs Eli," 333 Sgyh}ggn Nsezh" Nklzhsy" FK 4;539" XYK?~hbhtaglh0 5=1&=84&1>44? jkq0 5=1&=84&>>=4? El~hslh~0 }}},igtusema~,igf,

Kbb g~ahs {xhsehy gl sema~y kln beihlyhy" elibxnelm yxcyeneksu sema~y" yagxbn ch knnshyyhn ~g ~ah Gjihgj ~ah Txcbeyahs" ah ]gsbn Cklo" ;1;1 A Y~shh~ L]" ]kyaelm~gl" NI 34>99" XYK? jkq0 343&833&3>33?h&fkeb0 txcsema~yD}gsbncklo,gsm,

EYCL0 5=1&4&13;9&5>8;&5hEYCL0 5=1&4&13;9&5839&9NGE0 ;4,;85:'5=1&4&13;9&5>8;&5

âh tkel~elm gl ~ah igzhs ey cu Yxh Agtth" kl ks~ey~ ckyhn el Ygx~a Kjseik, e~bhn Shygbx~egl" ~ah tkel~&elm hqtbgshy ~ah enhk ~ak~ thgtbh }ag yhhf esshzhsyecbu nezenhn kln }e~a be~~bh el igffgl ikl xle~h ej ~ahujgixy gl }ak~ ~ahu akzh el igffgl ely~hkn gj }ak~ nezenhy ~ahf, Agtthy }gso hqkfelhy }ks" iglffiei~"

kln ~ah tbema~ gj iaebnshl kln }gfhl el Kjseik" cx~ ey kbyg elyteshn cu lk~xsh kln ksiae~hi~xsh, ^g bhkslfgsh kcgx~ Yxh Agtth kln ahs }gso" zeye~ }}},ygx~akjseiklks~ey~y,igf'agfh'YxhAgtth,

Igzhs nhyeml cu Nhcsk Lkubgs gj Lkubgs Nhyeml

Tag~g ishne~y0 tkmh qze0 Fkyxsx Mg~g']gsbn Cklo? ibgio}eyh jgs tkmhy ;4;;" chmellelm k~ ~gt0 Beklm[eklm ' ]gsbn Cklo" Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo" Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo" kln Y~hzh Akssey ']gsbn Cklo? tkmh ;80 Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh ;:0 Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh ;50Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh 3;0 @gal Eykki ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh 390 @gal Eykki ' ]gsbn Cklo?tkmh 380 Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh 3=0 Ixs~ Ikslhfkso ' ]gsbn Cklo? tkmh 310 Feiakhb Jgbhu?tkmh :30 Kslh Aghb']gsbn Cklo? tkmh 5>0 Yahapkn Lggskle']gsbn Cklo? tkmh ;;:0 Kbhq Ckbxux~']gsbnCklo? tkmh ;9:0 Feiakhb Jgbhu,


7/190

, , , , ,

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 z

Igl~hl~y

Jgsh}gsn , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , qe

Kiolg}bhnmfhl~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , qeee

Kccshzek~egly kln Kisglufy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , qz

Gzhszeh} , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;

Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;4

; Tgzhs~u kln Jggn Tseih Nhzhbgtfhl~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 35

3 Lx~se~egl" ~ah FNMy" kln Jggn Tseih Nhzhbgtfhl~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , :9

9 Msg}~a kln Fkisghiglgfei Kn`xy~fhl~ el Nhzhbgtelm Igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 58

> Xyelm ^sknh Tgbeiu ~g Gzhsigfh Jggn Elyhixse~u , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;;=

8 Ken kln El~hslk~eglkb Jelkliekb Ely~e~x~egly , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;9=

Ktthlneq0 Ibkyyeik~egl gj Higlgfehy cu Shmegl kln Eligfh" Jeyikb 34;3 , , , , , , , , , , , ;:5


8/190

ze I G L ^ H L ^ Y M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

CGQHY

; âh FNM ~ksmh~ gj akbzelm hq~shfh tgzhs~ushkiahn el 34;4+ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3

;,; Iseyey el ~ah Agsl gj Kjseik , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,93;,3 Ag} seyelm jggn tseihy kjjhi~ ~ah ie~ephly gj Nks hy Ykbkkf , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,99

;,9 Ag} fklu fgsh ksh tggs chikxyh gj aemahs jggn tseihy7 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,98

;,> Ki~egly cu }gfhl fknh ~ah fgy~ nejjhshlih cx~ }hsh elzeyecbh ~g tgbeiu fkohsy , , ,9:

;,8 ]gsbn tseih eftki~y kisgyy shmegly , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,91

;,: Yxy~kelkcbh elishkyh el jggn tsgnxi~egl ey sh{xeshn ~g yefxb~klhgxybu ma~mbgckb axlmhs kln shnxih ~ah tshyyxsh gl cegnezhsye~u , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>9

;,= H~aegteky jggn yhixse~u tsgmskfy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>1

;,1 Cxebnelm jgxlnk~egly jgs ygiekb ykjh~u lh~ yuy~hfy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>5

;,5 Fklkmelm yxttbu kln tseih seyoy jgs fkeph el Fkbk}e , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,88

;,;4 Beloelm iaklmhy el tsgnxi~eze~u kln ibefk~h ~g tgzhs~u0 ~ah xyh gj Hlzeykmhkln MENN jgs bglm&~hsf yihlkseg cxebnelm , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,8:

3,; Eftki~ gj aemahs jggn tseihy kln xlnhslx~se~egl gl ~ah FNMy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,:>

3,3 âh eftki~ gj ~ah 344=41 jggn tseih yteoh gl k sxskb igffxle~u ellgs~ahsl Cklmbknhya , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,:1

3,9 Fkblx~se~egl kln iasglei neyhkyh el Elnek , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,=;

3,> Iglyh{xhlihy gj hksbu iaebnaggn msg}~a jkebxsh gzhs bejh~efhy el Mxk~hfkbk , , , , , ,=9

3,8 âh mbgckb YXL fgzhfhl~ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,=:

3,: Igffxle~u&ckyhn msg}~a tsgfg~egl tsgmskfy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,==

3,= Cshkoelm ~ah bg}&tsegse~u iuibh0 ag} lx~se~egl ikl chigfh k txcbei yhi~gstsegse~u jgs Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseikl mgzhslfhl~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,13

3,1 âh eftbeik~egly gj zksegxy ythlnelm kln lklielm nhieyegly gl ~ah FNMygj k bg}&eligfh igxl~su xyelm FKFY , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,19

3,5 Lx~se~egl yhixse~u el Ake~e kj~hs ~ah hks~a{xkoh gj 34;40 tsegse~ehy kln sy~ y~hty , , ,11

9,; Nhkbelm }e~a yagioy0 Seyo fklkmhfhl~ kln igl~elmhl~ lklielm ely~sxfhl~y , , , , ,;4=

9,3 Jeyikb tgbeiu shytglyhy ~g jggn tseih yagioy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;9

9,9 Jggn tseih zgbk~ebe~u kln fglh~ksu tgbeiu , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;>

>,; Sxyyeky hqtgs~ ckl gl mskely , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;3>

>,3 Mgzhslfhl~ eftgs~y gj fkeph nxselm ~ah Ygx~ahsl Kjseik jggn iseyey , , , , , , , , , , ,;38

>,9 âh Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseik shmegl jkihy aema ~sknh igy~y el jggn , , , , , , , , ,;3:>,> [xkl~ejuelm ~ah hjjhi~y gj lgl&~ksejj fhkyxshy gl ~sknh el Kjseikl jggn y~ktbhy , , , ,;3:

>,8 Gthl cgsnhs tgbeiehy jgs ~sknh el jggn , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;3=

>,: Nhjskmfhl~elm Kjseik0 ]ak~ }ebb y~efxbk~h shmeglkb ~sknh el~hmsk~egl7 , , , , , , , , , ,;94

8,; Hqkftbhy gj elnhthlnhl~ ele~ek~ezhy ~g eftsgzh ken hjjhi~ezhlhyy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>5

8,3 Ch~~hs y~k~ey~eiy jgs kbb0 Fgle~gselm ~ah febbhllexf nhzhbgtfhl~ mgkby , , , , , , , , , , ,;8;

8,9 âh ]gsbn Cklo aky fknh yemleikl~ tsgmshyy gl ~ah ken hjjhi~ezhlhyy kmhlnk"cx~ ~ahsh ey sggf jgs eftsgzhfhl~ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;8>

8,> IMEKS0 Eftsgzhn igbbkcgsk~egl kln aksfglepk~egl ~g y~shlm~ahl nhbezhsu , , , , , , ,;88


9/190

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 I G L ^ H L ^ Y zee

8K,; Jggn tseih aeohy kln lx~se~egl0 ^ah Xle~hn Oelmngfy shytglyh , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;:8

8K,3 HX ele~ek~ezhy gl kmseixb~xsh" jggn yhixse~u" kln lx~se~egl , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;::

JEMXSHY

; Mbgckb tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy zksehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3

3 Jggn tseihy yteohn kmkel jgs ~ah yhigln ~efh el ~ashh uhksy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>

;,; Jggn" mskel" kmseixb~xskb" kln hlhsmu tseih nhzhbgtfhl~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,9;

;,3 ^ah eftki~ gj aemahs jggn tseihy gl tgzhs~u nejjhsy kisgyy ygieghiglgfeimsgxty , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,9=

;,9 Igxl~sehy zxblhskcebe~u ~g mbgckb jggn tseih yagioy ~skiohn cu yaksh gj ihshkbeftgs~y el ngfhy~ei iglyxft~egl kln jggn yaksh el agxyhagbn hqthlne~xsh , , , , , , ,9=

;,> Nhfkln shytglyezhlhyy ~g jggn tseih nhibelhy ky ths ikte~k eligfh elishkyhy , , , , , ,>>

;,8 Sk~eg gj ihshkb tsgnxi~egl ~g iglyxft~egl el 34;4 kln 3438 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,8=3,; Fhkl ahema~ jgs kmh" shbk~ezh ~g ]AG y~klnksny" cu shmegl , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,=;

3,3 Thsihl~kmh gj y~xl~hn iaebnshl kln gzhs}hema~ }gfhl el yhbhi~hnBk~el Kfhseikl igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , =3

3,9 Chlh~&igy~ sk~egy gj zksegxy el~hszhl~egly , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,14

3,> Eftki~ gj tgbeiu shytglyhy ~g jggn eftgs~ tseih yagio jgs jggn lh~ eftgs~hs , , , , , , ,18

9,; MNT ths ikte~k msg}~a, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5:

9,3 Mbgckb ixsshl~ kiigxl~ efckbklihy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5=

9,9 Bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy0 Eftgs~y" hqtgs~y" kln ixsshl~ kiigxl~ ckbklih"elibxnelm JNE , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 51

9,> Gjiekb shyhszhy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,559,8 Igffgne~u tseih elnhqhy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,55

9,: Jeyikb nhie~y el hfhsmelm kln bg}&eligfh higlgfehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;44

9,= Fglh~ksu tgbeiu bggyhlelm el hfhsmelm fksoh~ kln bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy , , , , , , ,;44

9,1 Kzhskmh uhks&gl&uhks msg}~a el fglhu kln ~ah fglhu mkt el hfhsmelmfksoh~ igxl~sehy, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;4;

9,5 Fkisghiglgfei tgbeiu feq , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;4;

9,;4 [xkbe~u gj fkisghiglgfei tgbeiehy el bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy" 3448 kln3445;; , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;43

9,;; Igffgne~u tseihy kln fkisghiglgfei fgzhfhl~y" 344=;3 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;49

9,;3 Yhbhi~hn fkisghiglgfei elneik~gsy jgs bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy" 344=;3 , , , , , , , , ,;459,;9 keb&seyo yihlksegy jgs bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;4

9,;> Igftgye~egl gj ~ah Iglyxfhs Tseih Elnhq ckyoh~ el bg}&eligfh klnGHIN igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;;>

>,; Fgy~ ihshkb tsgnxi~egl ey iglyxfhn ngfhy~eikbbu kln lg~ ~sknhn , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;1

>,3 Jggn ~sknh fk~~hsy fgy~ jgs bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;1

>,9 sknh el ohu ihshkby ey ngfelk~hn cu xy~ k jh} igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;;5

>,> Lh~&jggn&eftgs~elm shmegly bgyh jsgf aemahs jggn tseihy }aebh lh~&hqtgs~elmshmegly mkel , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;34


10/190

zeee I G L ^ H L ^ Y M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

>,8 ^ah fgy~ jsh{xhl~ xyhsy gj ~sknh&shy~sei~ezh fhkyxshy gl jggn tsgnxi~y kshM&34 igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;33

>,: Ygfh igxl~sehy akzh kbyg ygxma~ ~g bg}hs ngfhy~ei jggn tseihy cu ~hftgsksebu

bg}hselm ~sknh shy~sei~egly , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;39>,= Tsgnxihs yxttgs~ ~g jksfhsy el fgy~ nhzhbgthn igxl~sehy aky jkbbhl cx~ ey

seyelm el hfhsmelm higlgfehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;39

8,; NKI fhfchsy lh~ GNK cebk~hskb neycxsyhfhl~y, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;95

8,3 NKI GNK ky k yaksh gj MLE , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>4

8,9 Lh~ GNK neycxsyhfhl~y ~g bg}& kln fennbh&eligfh igxl~sehy kln cu shmegl , , , , ,;>;

8,> Lh~ GNK shihezhn ths ikte~k cu msgxty gj igxl~sehy sklohn cu FNM ~ksmh~yfh~ gs gl ~skio ~g ch fh~ cu 34;8 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>3

8,8 Yaksh gj igffe~~hn GNK ~g jggn" lx~se~egl" kln kmseixb~xsh cu nglgs , , , , , , , , , ,;>9

8,: Igftgye~egl gj igffe~~hn GNK kln igffe~fhl~y cu nglgsy el uhks 34;4 , , , , , ,;>9

8,= GNK igffe~fhl~y cu eligfh msgxt , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>88,1 GNK jsgf Cskpeb" Sxyyek" Elnek" Iaelk" kln Ygx~a Kjseik , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>:

8,5 Iaklmhy el ygxsihy gj hy~efk~hn mbgckb iglihyyeglkb nhzhbgtfhl~kb ffig}y , , , , , , , ,;>=

8,;4 Igxl~su tsgmskffkcbh ken , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;8=

8,;; ITK ffig}y ~g nhzhbgtelm shmegly , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;81

8,;3 ITK shihezhn cu lxfchs gj FNM ~ksmh~y kiaehzhn gs gl ~skio , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;85

8,;9 ITK cu bg}& kln fennbh&eligfh igxl~sehy" 3449;9 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;85

8,;> Hxsgcksgfh~hs yxszhuy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;85

FKTY

9,; Ky mbgckb msg}~a ybg}y" msg}~a gx~igfhy kisgyy igxl~sehy iglzhsmh, , , , , , , , , , , ,;4>

9,3 ]e~a aemahs igffgne~u tseihy" jh} igxl~sehy ksh kcbh ~g fkel~kel tseih y~kcebe~u, , ,;48

^KCBHY

;,; Igffgl igtelm shytglyhy ~g jggn" jxhb" kln lkliekb iseyhy el ;9 igxl~sehy , , , , , , ,9>

;,3 Tkyy&~asgxma gj el~hslk~eglkb seih tseihy ~g bgikb tseihy el yhbhi~hnKyekl igxl~sehy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,91

;,9 Tseih zgbk~ebe~u kisgyy tsgnxi~y el ~ah igxl~sehy gj Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik , , , , , , , , , , , ,95

;,> Fk`gs nsezhsy gj }gsbn ihshkb tseihy , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>;

;,8 Aemahs iglyxft~egl msg}~a gj igsl aky gjjyh~ ybg}elm msg}~a el seihkln }ahk~" }aebh elishkyhy el kshk tbkl~hn ~g jggn gjjyh~ ybg}elm uehbn msg}~a , , , , ,>;

;,: Tgbeiu fhkyxshy kngt~hn el 1; yhbhi~hn igxl~sehy el shytglyh ~g 344:41tseih yteoh , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,>8

;,= Jeyikb eftbeik~egly gj tgbeiu shytglyhy ~g 344:41 tseih yteoh" yhbhi~hn igxl~sehy , , ,>:

;,1 Fkel fhkyxshy ~g befe~ ~ah msg}~a kln zgbk~ebe~u gj }gsbn ihshkb tseihy , , , , , , , , , , ,84

;,5 Tgzhs~u jgshiky~" 34;838 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,81

3,; ^ah kllxkb ths ikte~k igy~ gj zksegxy lx~se~egl el~hszhl~egly ey zhsu bg} , , , , , , , , , ,14


11/190

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 I G L ^ H L ^ Y eq

9,; Mbgckb gx~tx~ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5:

9,3 Lh~ lkliekb ffig}y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,51

8,; Nhiknkb iaklmhy el cebk~hskb gjiekb nhzhbgtfhl~ kyyey~klih , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;95

8,3 Igftgye~egl gj igffe~~hn GNK ~g lx~se~egl" jggn" kln kmseixb~xsh , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>>

8,9 Ohu iakski~hsey~eiy gj CSEI lklielm , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;>:

8,> Ken jskmfhl~k~egl cu eligfh msgxt kln jskmebh kln iglffiei~&kjjhi~hn y~k~hy , , , , , , ,;>1

8,8 Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn Tksey Nhibksk~egl ~ksmh~y , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;83

8,: Fxb~ebk~hskb nhzhbgtfhl~ cklo tsgmshyy gl Tksey Nhibksk~egl yxszhu elneik~gsy , , ,;8:

8,= ITK cu shmegl , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,;8=

8K,; Shytglyhy jsgf ~ah el~hslk~eglkb nglgs igffxle~u ~g shihl~ jggn tseih yteohy , , ,;:;


12/190


13/190

Jgsh}gsn

kln {xkbe~u gj lx~se~eglk ise~eikb jki~gs jgsiaebnshl el ~ah sy~ ~}g uhksy gj bejh" }ahlhzhl k ~hftgsksu shnxi~egl el lx~se~eglkbel~koh ikl kjjhi~ bglm&~hsf nhzhbgtfhl~, aeybgyy gj lx~se~egl ikl" el ~xsl" yh~ ckio k }agbhmhlhsk~egl,

âh MFS nh~keby ygfh gj ~ah ygbx~egly jgsfkoelm igxl~sehy kln igffxle~ehy fgsh shyeb&ehl~ el ~ah jkih gj jggn tseih yteohy, Y~sk~hmehyelibxnh xyelm kmseixb~xskb tgbeiehy ~g hligxs&

kmh jksfhsy ~g cggy~ tsgnxi~egl? xyelm ygiekbykjh~u lh~y ~g eftsgzh shyebehlih? y~shlm~ahlelmlx~se~eglkb tgbeiehy ~g fklkmh ~ah eftbeik~eglygj hksbu iaebnaggn nhzhbgtfhl~? kln nhyeml&elm ~sknh tgbeiehy ~g eftsgzh kiihyy ~g jggnfksoh~y" shnxih jggn tseih zgbk~ebe~u" klnfkoh tsgnxi~eze~u mkely,

âh eftbeik~egly gj aema kln fgsh zgbk~ebhjggn tseihy zksu }enhbu k~ ~ah shmeglkb klnigxl~su bhzhby, Bksmh lh~ eftgs~hsy gj jggnyxia ky ~agyh el ~ah Fennbh Hky~" Lgs~a Kjseik"kln ]hy~ Kjseikjkih aemahs eftgs~ cebby"

shnxihn yikb ytkih" kln mshk~hs ~sklyfeyyeglgj }gsbn tseihy ~g bgikb tseihy jgs eftgs~hnseih kln }ahk~, Aemahs tseihy axs~ iglyxfhsy"}ag lhhn ~g ythln k mshk~hs yaksh gj ~aheseligfh gl jggn" ky ey ~ah ikyh el fxia gjKjseik kln Kyek, Bksmhs lh~ hqtgs~elm igxl&~sehy" yxia ky ~agyh el Bk~el Kfhseik" Hky~hslHxsgth" kln Ihl~skb Kyek" y~kln ~g chlh~, Cx~~ahu fku kbyg jkih el~hslkb tshyyxsh ~g ahbtagxyhagbny ~ak~ lhhn ~g ythln k bksmh yaksh gj

Hzhsu uhks" ~ah Mbgckb Fgle~gselmShtgs~!MFS% mkxmhy tsgmshyy kisgyy~ah Febbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby

!FNMy%" yg }h ikl ch~~hs xlnhsy~kln }ah~ahs}h ksh nhbezhselm gl ckyei mbgckb lhhny, âhyhlhhny elibxnh kjjgsnkcbh" lx~se~egxy jggn?kiihyy ~g ahkb~a yhszeihy kln hnxik~egl? kln~ah kcebe~u ~g ~kt lk~xskb shygxsihy yxy~kel&kcbu}ah~ahs ibhkl }k~hs" bkln jgs xscklhqtklyegl" gs shlh}kcbh hlhsmu ygxsihy, ]h

kyyhyy ag} }hbb ~ah }gsbn ey ngelm cu bggoelmk~ eligfh tgzhs~u" yiaggbelm bhzhby" ~ah ahkb~agj fg~ahsy kln iaebnshl" kln elsgkny el ~shk~&elm AEZ'KENY" fkbksek" kln ~xchsixbgyey" ky}hbb ky kyyhyyelm ag} ~ah el~hslk~eglkb nhzhb&gtfhl~ igffxle~u nhbezhsy ken, ]h kbyg ~su~g fhkyxsh bhzhby gj fkblx~se~egl kln axlmhsel ~ah }gsbn, Jggn tseihy ikl kjjhi~ kbb ~ahyhelneik~gsy,

Jgs ~ahyh shkygly" ~ah Mbgckb Fgle~gselmShtgs~ 34;3 ~kohy ~ah ~ahfh gjJggn Tseihy"Lx~se~egl" kln ~ah Febbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~

Mgkby, aey uhksy hne~egl aemabema~y ~ah lhhn~g ahbt nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy nhkb }e~a ~ahaksfjxb hjjhi~y gj aemahs kln fgsh zgbk~ebhjggn tseihy,

El 344=41 kln kmkel el 34;;" ygkselmjggn tseihy ahbn ckio febbegly gj agxyhagbnyjsgf hyiktelm tgzhs~u, Tggs thgtbh el ie~ehyshfkel hythiekbbu zxblhskcbh ~g aemahs jggntseihy" ky ng agxyhagbny ahknhn cu }gfhl,Aemahs jggn tseihy kbyg kjjhi~ ~ah {xkl~e~u

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 qe


14/190

qee J G S H ] G S N M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

~ahes cxnmh~y gl jggn, ah yh{xhlielm kln tse&gse~epk~egl gj tgbeiu ele~ek~ezhy nhthlny ise~e&ikbbu gl k igxl~su gs shmegly ele~ekb ye~xk~egl,

Mgelm jgs}ksn" kbb gj xyelibxnelm ~skne&~eglkb nglgsy" lh} nglgsy" taebkl~asgtey~y"kln LMGyfxy~ ng ch~~hs el ma~elm axl&mhs" tks~eixbksbu cu fkoelm fgsh shygxsihykzkebkcbh jgs ckyei lx~se~egl, Jgs k y~ks~" ~aeyfhkly elibxnelm lx~se~egl el~hszhl~egly eltsg`hi~y kln tsgmskfy }ahl kln }ahshzhstgyyecbh, K~ ~ah ykfh ~efh" }h lhhn ~g nhyemlfgsh hjjhi~ezh tgbeiehy" y~shlm~ahl kiigxl~&kcebe~u" kln hlyxsh ~ak~ shietehl~y ikl kcygscze~kb kyyey~klih,

âh MFSy kyyhyyfhl~ gj tsgmshyy gl ~ah

FNMy gjjhsy msgxlny jgs gt~efeyf, Mbgckb~ksmh~y jgs gzhsigfelm hq~shfh tgzhs~u klnkiihyy ~g ykjh nseloelm }k~hs akzh chhlshkiahn }hbb kahkn gj yiahnxbh, Mgkby shbk~hn~g tsefksu yiaggb igftbh~egl sk~h kln mhlnhsh{xkbe~u el tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~eglkbyg ktthks }e~ael shkia, G~ahs mgkby" ag}&hzhs" sh{xesh k shkb txya" tks~eixbksbu shmksn&elm iaebn kln fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u" kln kiihyy ~geftsgzhn ykle~k~egl jkiebe~ehy, FNM mkty kshy~ksohs }ahl ~ah jgixy ey gl elnezenxkb igxl&~sehy kln kiaehzhfhl~y ths shmegl" }ahsh ney&

tkse~ehy thsyey~,

Fkisghiglgfei thsjgsfklih }ebb tbku kise~eikb sgbh el fhh~elm ~ah FNMy, Tsgmshyy~ak~ }ky fknh tgyyecbh cu ~ah shbk~ezhbu y~sglm

higlgfei msg}~a gj nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehytsegs ~g ~ah mbgckb lkliekb iseyey aky chhlyh~ ckio, âh shihl~ }hkohlelm gj ~ah mbgckbhiglgfei hlzesglfhl~ aky eftbeik~egly jgsgzhsigfelm tgzhs~u el hfhsmelm kln nhzhbgt&elm higlgfehy" kln e~ ey eftgs~kl~ ~ak~ ~ahknzklihn higlgfehy xlnhs~koh ~ah lhihyyksufkisghiglgfei tgbeiehy ~g cselm kcgx~ y~sglmkln y~kcbh mbgckb msg}~a,

K ohu iglihsl behy }e~a ~ah bg}&eligfhigxl~sehy" }ahsh fkisghiglgfei tgbeiu cxj&jhsyyxia ky yikb" nhc~" kln ixsshl~ kiigxl~

tgye~eglyakzh lg~ uh~ chhl shcxeb~ ~g bhzhbychjgsh ~ah iseyey, Ej ~ahu akzh ~g igljsgl~klg~ahs yakst mbgckb ybg}ng}l gs klg~ahsyxsmh el jggn gs jxhb tseihy" ~ahyh igxl~sehy}gxbn y~ks~ jsgf k }hkohs tgye~egl,

]h akzh fknh eftgs~kl~ tsgmshyy el txya&elm jgs}ksn ~g}ksn fhh~elm ~ah FNMycx~~ah uhks 34;8 ey `xy~ ksgxln ~ah igslhs, ]hakzh ~ashh uhksy ~g hlyxsh ~ak~ cebbegly fgshthgtbh }ebb akzh ~ah gttgs~xle~u ~g chlh~jsgf ~ah mbgckb higlgfu, âh lhhn jgs iggt&hsk~egl gl jgixyhn y~hty ~g kiaehzh ~ahyh mgkby

aky lhzhs chhl mshk~hs,

Sgchs~ C, Pghbbeio Iasey~elh BkmksnhTshyenhl~ Fklkmelm Neshi~gsâh ]gsbn Cklo Msgxt El~hslk~eglkb Fglh~ksu Jxln


15/190

Kiolg}bhnmfhl~y

âey shtgs~ aky chhl tshtkshn `gel~bucu ~ah y~kjj gj ~ah ]gsbn Cklo kln~ah El~hslk~eglkb Fglh~ksu Jxln, El

tshtkselm ~ah shtgs~" y~kjj akzh igbbkcgsk~hnibgyhbu }e~a tks~lhs ely~e~x~egly~ah KjseiklNhzhbgtfhl~ Cklo" ~ah Kyekl Nhzhbgtfhl~Cklo" ~ah Hxsgthkl Cklo jgs Shigly~sxi~eglkln Nhzhbgtfhl~" ~ah El~hs&Kfhseikl Nhzhb&gtfhl~ Cklo" ~ah Gsmkleyk~egl jgs HiglgfeiIg&gthsk~egl kln Nhzhbgtfhl~" ~ah Jggnkln Kmseixb~xsh Gsmklepk~egl" ~ah Hxsgthkl

Xlegl" ~ah XO Nhtks~fhl~ jgs El~hslk~eglkbNhzhbgtfhl~" kln zksegxy LMGy" yxia kyGqjkf El~hslk~eglkb kln Ykzh ~ah Iaebnshl,âh iggthsk~egl kln yxttgs~ gj ~ah y~kjj gj~ahyh ely~e~x~egly ey msk~hjxbbu kiolg}bhnmhn,

@gy Zhschho }ky ~ah bhkn kx~ags kln fkl&kmhs gj ~ah shtgs~, Bulmh Lehbyhl bhn ~ah ~hkfjsgf ~ah EFJ, âh tselietkb kx~agsy kln igl&~secx~gsy ~g ~ah zksegxy tks~y gj ~ah shtgs~elibxnh Fgaele Nk~~" Kllh~~h E, Nh ObhelhJhemh" Ekl Mebbygl" Skyfxy Ahb~chsm" FksgyEzklei" Clnei~h nh bk Csehsh" Akly Bgjmshl"

Fksubk Fkbeyph}yok" ]ebbekf @, Fks~el" @gyhKbh`klnsg [xe`knk" Hsei Z, Y}klygl" kln Yhs&meu Pgsuk !]gsbn Cklo%" kln Yeckcsk~k Nky"Y~hjklek Jkcsepeg" Ukyhfel Ckb Mxlnxp" Yze~&bklk Fkybgzk" kln @gal Yefgl !EFJ%, YkiaelYakasek kyyey~hn }e~a ~ah gzhskbb tshtksk~eglkln iggsnelk~egl gj ~ah shtgs~, âh }gso }kyikssehn gx~ xlnhs ~ah mhlhskb mxenklih gj @xy&~el Uejx Bel kln Akly êffhs k~ ~ah ]gsbn

Cklo, Yxthszeyegl k~ ~ah EFJ }ky tsgzenhn cuAxma Cshnhlokft kln Cskn FiNglkbn,

K lxfchs gj g~ahs y~kjj kln iglyxb~kl~yfknh zkbxkcbh igl~secx~egly" elibxnelm ~ah jgb&bg}elm jsgf ~ah ]gsbn Cklo0 Kchch Knxmlk"Aksgbn Kbnhsfkl" Buy~sk L, Kl~gelh" @hklJskligey Kszey" @gal Ckjjhy" Yky}k~e Cgsk"Klnsh} Cxsly" Mskl~ Ikfhsgl" Mhsg Iks&bh~~g" Esenh Ihiikiie" Yakgaxk Iahl" BgsepkNkmnkm" Iasey~gtahs Nhbmkng" Kybe Nhfesm&Oxl~" Bhybeh Hbnhs" Lheb Jkl~gf" Ksehb Jeypchel"

Nhbl Yek Mg" Kllk Ahsjgs~a" Fkykog Aeskmk"Akly Aggmhzhhl" Kbfk Oklkle" LgsfklBgkupk" Kbhyyklnsk Fksele" Ngfele{xh zklnhs Fhlycsxmmah" Fhllg Fxbnhs&Yecklnk"Eyskhb Gygseg&Sgnks~h" Fks~el Skzkbbegl"Kllk Shzk" Csxih Sgyy&Bksygl" @xbeh SxhbChsmhsgl" Isey~elk Ykzhyix" ]ebbekf Yak}"Fhhsk Yahoks" Uxseh ^klefeiae Agchsm"Sgchs~ ^g}lyhln" @glk~akl ]kny}gs~a" klnSxybkl Uhf~ygz,

Igl~secx~gsy jsgf g~ahs ely~e~x~eglyelibxnhn0 Nxlikl Mshhl kln Seiaksn Oelm

!Gqjkf%? Lkgfe Agyykel !Ely~e~x~h gj Nhzhb&gtfhl~ Y~xnehy%? Ok~h Nggbhu kln Nktalh@kukyelmah !Ykzh ~ah Iaebnshl%? Jshnseo Hseiy&ygl" Oefchsbu Yfe~a" kln Yxpkllh Y~hhlyhl!GHIN%? Elnx Caxyakl !Kyekl Nhzhbgtfhl~Cklo%? Kfu F, Bh}ey !El~hs&Kfhseikl Nhzhb&gtfhl~ Cklo%? @hllejhs Ohhmkl&Cxiobhu kln

@hkl&Tehssh Akboel !Hxsgthkl Xlegl%? IaseyThlsgyh&Cxiobhu !NJEN%? Fxsk~ @knskbeuhz

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 qeee


16/190

qez K I O L G ] B H N M F H L ^ Y M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

!HCSN%? Kle~k ^kie !HCSN%? kln Tk~seiek L,Bkzhsbhu !Kjseik Nhzhbgtfhl~ Cklo%,

Mxenklih shihezhn jsgf ~ah Hqhix~ezh

Neshi~gsy gj ~ah ]gsbn Cklo kln ~ah EFJ kln~ahes y~kjj nxselm neyixyyegly gj ~ah nskj~ shtgs~ey msk~hjxbbu kiolg}bhnmhn, âh shtgs~ kbygchlh~hn jsgf fklu xyhjxb igffhl~y klnyxmmhy~egly shihezhn jsgf ~ah Cklo kln Jxlnfklkmhfhl~ kln y~kjj el ~ah igxsyh gj e~y tsht&ksk~egl kln shzeh},

âh ]gsbn Ckloy Gjih gj ~ah Txcbeyahsfklkmhn ~ah hne~gsekb yhszeihy" nhyeml" tsgnxi&

~egl" kln tsel~elm gj ~ah shtgs~" }e~a Kpep Mgo&nhfes kliagselm ~ah tsgihyy, G~ahsy kyyey~elm}e~a ~ah shtgs~y txcbeik~egl elibxnhn Nhleyh

Chsmhsgl" Yxykl Mskakf" Y~htahl FiMsgks~u"kln Ykl~ekmg Tgfcg&Ch`ksklg,

âh shtgs~y neyyhfelk~egl kln gx~shkia}ky iggsnelk~hn cu Elnesk Iakln kln Fhsshbb

xio&Tsefnkab" }gsoelm }e~a Zkfyhh Okliae"Fkbkszepae Zhhskttkl" kln Sgxbk Ukpeme,


17/190

Kccshzek~egly kln Kisglufy

KNC Kyekl Nhzhbgtfhl~ Cklo

KjNC Kjseikl Nhzhbgtfhl~ Cklo

KENY ki{xeshn effxlh nhiehliu yulnsgfh

KFEY Kmseixb~xskb Fksoh~ Eljgsfk~eglYuy~hf

CFE cgnu fkyy elnhq

CSEIY Cskpeb" Sxyyek" Elnek" Iaelk" klnYgx~a Kjseik

IMEKS Iglyxb~k~ezh Msgxt gl El~hslk~eglkbKmseixb~xskb Shyhksia

ITK igxl~su tsgmskffkcbh ken

NKI Nhzhbgtfhl~ Kyyey~klih Igffe~~hhNJEN Nhtks~fhl~ jgs El~hslk~eglkb

Nhzhbgtfhl~ !X,O,%

HCSN Hxsgthkl Cklo jgs Shigly~sxi~eglkln Nhzhbgtfhl~

HX Hxsgthkl Xlegl

JKG Jggn kln Kmseixb~xsh Gsmklepk~egl!gj ~ah Xle~hn Lk~egly%

JNE jgsheml neshi~ elzhy~fhl~

M&1 Msgxt gj Hema~

M&34 Msgxt gj 34MK^^ Mhlhskb Kmshhfhl~ gl ksejjy kln

^sknh

MJST Mbgckb Jggn Iseyey Shytglyh Tsgmskf

MENN Mbgckb Eligfh Ney~secx~egl Nulkfeiy

MFS Mbgckb Fgle~gselm Shtgs~

MLE msgyy lk~eglkb eligfh

M^KT Mbgckb ^sknh Klkbuyey Tsg`hi~

AEZ axfkl effxlgnhiehliu zesxy

ENC El~hs&Kfhseikl Nhzhbgtfhl~ Cklo

EJI El~hslk~eglkb Jelklih Igstgsk~egl

EJE el~hslk~eglkb lkliekb ely~e~x~egl

EJTSE El~hslk~eglkb Jggn Tgbeiu ShyhksiaEly~e~x~h

BYFY Bezelm Y~klnksny Fhkyxshfhl~ Y~xnu

FKFY fk{xh~~h jgs FNM yefxbk~egly

FNC fxb~ebk~hskb nhzhbgtfhl~ cklo

L^F lgl&~ksejj fhkyxsh

GKT Gthl Ken Tks~lhsyaet

GNK gjiekb nhzhbgtfhl~ kyyey~klih

GHIN Gsmkleyk~egl jgs Ig&gthsk~egl klnNhzhbgtfhl~

TJF txcbei lklih fklkmhfhl~

TTT txsiakyelm tg}hs tkse~u

TYH tsgnxihs yxttgs~ hy~efk~hy

TYE tsh&yaetfhl~ ely~sxi~egly

SHTG shtxsiakyh gt~egl

S K shmeglkb ~sknh kmshhfhl~

YTY ykle~ksu kln tau~gykle~ksu

YXL Yikbelm Xt Lx~se~egl

^C^ ~hialeikb ckssehsy ~g ~sknh

XLI^KN Xle~hn Lk~egly Igljhshlih gl ^sknhkln Nhzhbgtfhl~

]JT ]gsbn Jggn Tsgmskffh

]^G ]gsbn ^sknh Gsmklepk~egl

qzKbb kfgxl~y ksh tshyhl~hn el X,Y, ngbbksy" xlbhyy g~ahs}eyh elneik~hn,


18/190


19/190

Gzhszeh}

akn jkbbhl chbg} akbj e~y ;554 zkbxh el 34;4,Kbyg el 34;4" ~ah }gsbn fh~ FNM =,i~gakbzh ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh }e~a lg ykjhnseloelm }k~hs}hbb kahkn gj ~ah 34;8nhknbelh, Kln mbgckb tsgmshyy gl zksegxyFNMy ey gl ~skio gs }e~ael ;4 thsihl~ gj ~ahgl&~skio ~sk`hi~gsu, FNM 9,k !mhlnhs tkse~uel yiaggb hlsgbbfhl~% ey gl ~skio" kln FNM

3,k !tsefksu yiaggb igftbh~egl% ey ibgyh ~gchelm gl ~skio, Cx~ ~ah FNMy ibgyhbu belohn~g jggn kln lx~se~egl ksh bkmmelm" tks~eixbksbuiaebn fgs~kbe~u !FNM >% kln fk~hslkb fgs&~kbe~u !FNM 8%, âh ykfh ey ~sxh jgs igxl~sutsgmshyy0 ;48 igxl~sehy gj ~ah ;>> fgle~gshnksh lg~ hqthi~hn ~g shkia FNM >" kln 5> kshgjj ~skio gl FNM 8,

Jggn tseihy yteoh glih kmkel

El 34;; el~hslk~eglkb jggn tseihy yteohn jgs

~ah yhigln ~efh el ~ashh uhksy" emle~elm igl&ihsly kcgx~ k shthk~ gj ~ah 3441 jggn tseihiseyey kln e~y iglyh{xhlihy jgs ~ah tggs, âh]gsbn Cklo Jggn Tseih Elnhq sgyh ;1> ths&ihl~ jsgf @klxksu 3444 ~g @xlh 3441 !m&xsh 3%, El Jhcsxksu 34;; e~ kmkel shkiahn ~ah3441 thko" kj~hs k yakst nhibelh el 3445" klny~kuhn ibgyh ~g ~ak~ thko ~asgxma Yht~hfchs,âh el~hslk~eglkb jggn tseih yteoh el 344=41 ey hy~efk~hn ~g akzh oht~ gs txyahn ;48

]ak~ aky chhl ~ah eftki~ gj uh~ klg~ahsjggn tseih yteoh gl ~ah kcebe~u gj nhzhbgtelmigxl~sehy ~g fkoh tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah Feb&bhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby !FNMy%7 Ag}fklu tggs thgtbh }hsh tshzhl~hn jsgf bej~elm~ahfyhbzhy gx~ gj tgzhs~u7 Ag} fklu thg&tbh" kln ag} fklu iaebnshl" yk} ~ahes ths&yglkb msg}~a kln nhzhbgtfhl~ thsfklhl~bu

aksfhn chikxyh ~ahes jkfebehy igxbn lg~kjjgsn ~g cxu jggn7 Ag} nen igxl~sehy shki~~g ~ah bky~ ~}g jggn tseih yteohy gj 344=41kln 34;4;;" kln ag} nen ~ahes shki~eglkjjhi~ ~ahes tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy7 Kln}ak~ ikl igxl~sehy ng ~g shytgln ~g aemahskln fgsh zgbk~ebh jggn tseihy7 âh 34;3Mbgckb Fgle~gselm Shtgs~!MFS% knnshyyhy~ahyh ckyei {xhy~egly, E~ yxffksephy hjjhi~ygj jggn tseihy gl yhzhskb FNMy, E~ shzeh}ytgbeiu shytglyhyelibxnelm ngfhy~ei ygiekbykjh~u lh~y" lx~se~eglkb tsgmskfy" kmseixb&

~xskb tgbeiehy" shmeglkb ~sknh tgbeiehy" klnyxttgs~ cu ~ah el~hslk~eglkb igffxle~u, Klne~ gx~belhy jx~xsh tsgythi~y,

âh }gsbn aky fh~ ~}g FNMy" }aebhmbgckb tsgmshyy zksehy kisgyy ~ah g~ahsFNMy !mxsh ;%, Tshbefelksu yxszhu&ckyhnhy~efk~hy jgs FNM ;,k el 34;4ckyhn glk yfkbbhs ykftbh ~akl ~ah mbgckb xtnk~h elcgq ;elneik~h ~ak~ ~ah .;,38 k nku tgzhs~usk~h !3448 txsiakyelm tg}hs tkse~u" gs TTT%

;


20/190

3 G Z H S Z E H ] M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

JEMXSH ; Mbgckb tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy zksehyNhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy" }hema~hn cu tgtxbk~egl

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kj ikbixbk~egly ckyhn gl nk~k sgf ~ah ]gsbn Nhzhbgtfhl~ Elneik~gsy nk~kckyh,Lg~h0 K zkbxh g ;44 thsihl~ fhkly ~ak~ ~ah shythi~ezh FNM aky chhl shkiahn, Igsshytglnelm ~ksmh~ elneik~hy tsgmshyy ixsshl~bu lhhnhn ~g shkia ~ah mgkb cu 34;8, Bk~hy~kzkebkcbh zkbxh nhlg~hy ixsshl~ tsgmshyy ky ebbxy~sk~hn cu ~ah fgy~ shihl~ kzkebkcbh nk~k0 hq~shfh tgzhs~u" 34;4? tsefksu igftbh~egl sk~h" ~g~kb" 3445? sk~eg g mesby ~g cguy el tsefksukln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl" 3445? fgs~kbe~u sk~h" elkl~y" 34;4? fgs~kbe~u sk~h" iaebnshl xlnhs 8" 34;4? fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u sk~eg" 3441? eftsgzhn }k~hs ygxsih" 34;4? eftsgzhn ykle~k~eglkiebe~ehy" 3441, TTT y~klny gs txsiakyelm tg}hs tkse~u,

4

;4

34

94

>4

84

:4

=4

14

54

;44

=1

;445>

1=

5: 5:

14

8;

14

:1

1=

;44

1=

=3

91

83

FNM ;,kHq~shfh

tgzhs~u!( tgtxbk~eglchbg}

.;,38 k nku"3448 TTT%

FNM 3,kTsefksu

igftbh~eglsk~h !(shbhzkl~

kmh msgxt%

FNM 9,kSk~eg gj

mesby ~g cguyel tsefksu klnyhiglnksuhnxik~egl

!(%

FNM >,kFgs~kbe~u sk~h"

eljkl~y!ths ;"444bezh ces~ay%


iaebnshlxlnhs 8!ths ;"444%

FNM 8,kFk~hslkb

fgs~kbe~usk~eg !fgnhbhnhy~efk~h"

ths ;44"444bezh ces~ay%

FNM =,iEftsgzhn

}k~hs ygxsih!( tgtxbk~egl}e~agx~kiihyy%

FNM =,iEftsgzhn

ykle~k~egljkiebe~ehy!( tgtxbk~egl

}e~agx~ kiihyy%

Ney~klih~g34;8mgkb"(

Igsshytglnelm ~ksmh~ Bk~hy~ kzkebkcbh zkbxh

CGQ ; âh FNM ~ksmh~ g akbzelm hq~shfh tgzhs~ushkiahn el 34;4+

âh ]gsbn Cklo aky chhl shmxbksbu fgle~gselm ~ahtsgmshyy gj nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy el shnxielm hq~shfhtgzhs~u, Nsk}elm gl nk~k kln hqths~eyh jsgf kbbshmegly" ~ah Cklo aky xtnk~hn ~ah mbgckb kln shmeglkbtgzhs~u lxfchsy jgs ;51;3441 kln tshtkshn tsh&befelksu hy~efk~hy !jgs k yfkbbhs ykftbh% jgs 34;4,âh bk~hy~ hy~efk~hy nsk} gl fgsh ~akl 184 agxyh&agbn yxszhuy jgs kbfgy~ ;94 nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy"}e~a 54 thsihl~ gj ~ah nhzhbgtelm }gsbn tgtxbk~egl,

Fgy~bu tsgnxihn cu lk~eglkb y~k~ey~eikb gjihy" ~ahshyxb~y jgs 3448 kln 3441 ksh ckyhn gl el~hszeh}y}e~a ;,39 febbegl sklngfbu ykftbhn agxyhagbny,

Kl hy~efk~hn ;,35 cebbegl thgtbh el 3441 bezhn glbhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku" h{xezkbhl~ ~g 33,> thsihl~ gj~ah nhzhbgtelm }gsbn tgtxbk~egl !yhh ~ah cgq ~kcbh gl~ah lhq~ tkmh%, Igl~sky~ ~ak~ }e~a ;,5 cebbegl thgtbhel ;554" gs >9,; thsihl~,

Tshbefelksu yxszhu&ckyhn hy~efk~hy jgs 34;4ckyhn gl k yfkbbhs ykftbh ~akl ~ah mbgckb xtnk~helneik~h ~ak~ ~ah .;,38 k nku tgzhs~u sk~h akn jkbbhl

~g bhyy ~akl akbj gj e~y ;554 zkbxh cu 34;4, Yg ~ah sy~FNM ~ksmh~ gj akbzelm hq~shfh tgzhs~u aky chhlkiaehzhn }hbb chjgsh ~ah 34;8 nhknbelh, Hky~ Kyek klnTkiei" Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseik" kln Hxsgthkln Ihl~skb Kyek akzh k~~kelhn FNM ;,k" }aebh tgz&hs~u el Ygx~a Kyek kln Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik shfkely elngxcbh neme~y, Ixsshl~ hy~efk~hy jgs 34;8 yag} ~ak~tgzhs~u }ebb jxs~ahs nhibelh ~g ;:,9 thsihl~ jgs ~ah}gsbn ky k }agbh,

Bggoelm ckio ~g ;554" Hky~ Kyekkln Tkiei }ky~ah shmegl }e~a ~ah aemahy~ lxfchs gj tggs thgtbhel ~ah }gsbn" }e~a 53: febbegl bezelm chbg} .;,38 knku, Cu 3441 ~ak~ bhzhb akn jkbbhl ~g 31>,> febbegl,El Iaelk kbglh" 8;4 febbegl jh}hs thgtbh }hsh bezelmel tgzhs~u cu ~ah .;,38 y~klnksn, El 3441" ;9 ths&ihl~ !;=9 febbegl thgtbh% gj Iaelky tgtxbk~egl y~ebbbezhn chbg} .;,38 k nku, El Ygx~a Kyek" ~ah .;,38 knku tgzhs~u sk~h jhbb jsgf 8> thsihl~ ~g 9: thsihl~ch~}hhl ;554 kln 3441, âh tsgtgs~egl gj tggs eybg}hs lg} el Ygx~a Kyek ~akl k~ klu ~efh yelih ;51;,


21/190

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 G Z H S Z E H ] 9

CGQ ; âh FNM ~ksmh~ g akbzelm hq~shfh tgzhs~ushkiahn el 34;4+ !igl~elxhn%

âh lxfchs gj tggs akn chhl mhlhskbbu seyelm elBk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl xl~eb 3443, Cx~ ~ahtgzhs~u igxl~ !kln ~ah thsihl~kmh gj tggs% aky jkbbhlyakstbu yelih ~ahl, âh seyelm elienhlih kln lxfchsgj tggs el Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek aky kbyg chhlshzhsyhn yelih 3444, âh Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~aKjseik akn 1,: febbegl thgtbhgs 3,= thsihl~ gj ~ahtgtxbk~eglbezelm gl bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku el 3441"ng}l jsgf ;4,8 febbegl el 3448 kln ;9 febbegl el;554, Bhyy ~akl akbj ~ah tgtxbk~egl gjYxc&Ykakskl

Kjseik }ky bezelm chbg} .;,38 k nku el 3441, Jgs~u&yhzhl kln k akbj thsihl~ bezhn chbg} ~aey tgzhs~u belhel 3441" ky igftkshn }e~a 8:,8 thsihl~ el ;554" k5 thsihl~kmh tgel~ nsgt,

Mggn lh}y" cx~ k mshk~ fklu thgtbh shfkel tggskln zxblhskcbh el kbb shmegly, K~ ~ah ixsshl~ sk~h gjtsgmshyy" ksgxln ; cebbegl thgtbh }ebb y~ebb ch bezelmchbg} .;,38 k nku el 34;8, Fgy~ gj ~ah :;5 febbegltggs bej~hn kcgzh ~ah .;,38 k nku y~klnksn nxselm;5543441 ksh y~ebb tggs cu fennbh&eligfh y~klnksny,

Shmegl ;554 3448 3441 34;8

Yaksh gj tgtxbk~egl bezelm gl bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku !3448 TTT%

Hky~ Kyek kln Tkiei 8:,3 ;:,1 ;>,9 =,=

gj }aeia" Iaelk :4,3 ;:,9 ;9,;

Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek ;,5 ;,9 4,8 4,9

Bk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl ;3,3 1,= :,8 8,8

Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseik 8,1 9,8 3,= 3,=

Ygx~a Kyek 89,1 95,> 9:,4 39,5

Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik 8:,8 83,9 >=,8 >;,3

^g~kb >9,; 38,4 33,> ;:,9

^g~kb" hqibxnelm Iaelk 9=,3 3=,= 38,3

Febbegly gj thgtbh chbg} .;,38 k nku !3448 TTT%

Hky~ Kyek kln Tkiei 53:,> 993,; 31>,> ;85,9gj }aeia"Iaelk :19,3 3;;,5 ;=9,4 Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek 1,5 :,9 3,3 ;,>

Bk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl 89,> >=,: 9:,1 99,:

Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseik ;9,4 ;4,8 1,: 5,=

Ygx~a Kyek :;=,9 851,9 8=4,5 >;1,=

Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik 315,= 95>,5 91:,4 95=,3

^g~kb ;"541,: ;"915,: ;"315,4 ;"4;5,5

^g~kb" hqibxnelm Iaelk ;"33:,1 ;";==,= ;";;:,4

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl ikbixbk~egly jsgf TgzikbLh~ nk~kckyh, Jgs knne~eglkb eljgsfk~egl kln nk~k" yhh a~~t0''eshyhksia,}gsbncklo,gsm'TgzikbLh~'elnhq,a~f, 6 lg~ kzkebkcbh,

febbegl thgtbh chbg} ~ah tgzhs~u belh" klnel ~ah yteoh gj 34;4;;" >1,: febbegl thgtbh,Tgzhs~u ~uteikbbu seyhy ele~ekbbu }e~a aemahsjggn tseihy" chikxyh ~ah yxttbu shytglyh ~gaemahs tseihy ~kohy ~efh ~g fk~hsekbeph klnfklu tggs !jksf% agxyhagbny ksh lh~ jggncxuhsy" yg aemahs jggn tseihy bg}hsy ~ahes shkbeligfhy,

âh shmeglkb kln lk~eglkb eftbeik~eglygj aema kln zgbk~ebh jggn tseihy zksu }enhbu,Ag} zxblhskcbh k igxl~su ey ~g jggn tseih

yteohy nhthlny gl }ah~ahs e~ ey k lh~ hqtgs~hsgs lh~ eftgs~hs, Bksmh lh~ eftgs~hsy gjjggn" yxia ky ~agyh el ~ah Fennbh Hky~ klnLgs~a Kjseik kln el ]hy~ Kjseik" jkih aemahseftgs~ cebby" shnxihn yikb ytkih" kln mshk~hs~sklyfeyyegl gj }gsbn tseihy ~g bgikb tseihyjgs eftgs~hn seih kln }ahk~, Aemahs tseihyaxs~ iglyxfhsy }e~a aema yakshy gj agxyh&agbn ythlnelm gl jggn" ky el fxia gj Kjseikkln Kyek, Bksmhs lh~&hqtgs~hs igxl~sehy"ky el Bk~el Kfhseik kln el Hky~hsl Hxsgth

Hy~efk~hy gj tgzhs~u gl k tgzhs~u belh gj .;,38" cu shmegl


22/190

> G Z H S Z E H ] M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

kln Ihl~skb Kyek" y~kln ~g chlh~, Cx~ ~ahufku kbyg jkih el~hslkb tshyyxsh ~g fe~emk~h~ah knzhsyh hjjhi~y ej agxyhagbny ythln bksmhyakshy gj ~ahes cxnmh~y gl jggn,

K fxb~eyhi~gskb kttsgkia ey lhhnhn" ~ke&bgshn ~g hkia igxl~suy iglne~egly" ~koelmel~g kiigxl~ ~ah ygiekb kln tgbe~eikb hlzesgl&fhl~, âey Mbgckb Fgle~gselm Shtgs~knzg&ik~hy kmseixb~xskb tgbeiu fkelbu ~g gsiahy&~sk~h k yxttbu shytglyh" ygiekb ykjh~u lh~y~g eftsgzh shyebehlih" lx~se~eglkb tgbeiu ~gfklkmh ~ah eftbeik~egly gj hksbu iaebnaggnnhzhbgtfhl~" kln ~sknh tgbeiu ~g eftsgzhkiihyy ~g jggn fksoh~y" shnxih zgbk~ebe~u" klnelnxih tsgnxi~eze~u mkely, Cx~ glh yeph nghylg~ ~ kbb, âh tsegse~u kln yh{xhlih gj zkse&

gxy tgbeiu ele~ek~ezhy nhthlny gl k igxl~suygs k shmegly ele~ekb iglne~egly,

Igfcelk~egly gj tgbeiehy el ~ah jgxs kshkyikl tsgzenh tgye~ezh yulhsmehy kln ytxseftsgzhfhl~y gl ~ah FNMy, ^ksmh~elm ~ahhqtklyegl kln tsgnxi~eze~u gj isgty ~ak~ knnlx~se~eglkb zkbxh ey glh hqkftbh, K~ ~ah ykfh~efh" eftsgzhfhl~y el ~ah zkbxh iakel gj jggntsgnxi~y ~asgxma" yku" elzhy~elm el eljsk&y~sxi~xsh kln y~shkfbelelm shmxbk~egl shbk~hn~g ~sknh ikl bhkn ~g jky~hs tkyy&~asgxmay gj

el~hslk~eglkb tseihykln ~axy sh{xesh klhjjgs~ ~g eftsgzh shyebehlih xyelm ygiekb ykjh~ulh~y, Cg~a sh{xesh ~efh ~g eftbhfhl~" yg ~ahyh{xhlielm gj ki~egly lhhny ~g kzgen aksnyaet

jgs ~ah tggs kln zxblhskcbh,

Ag} ~ah tggs igth

Aema kln zgbk~ebh jggn tseihy axs~ jggn yhix&se~u, Bksmh" yxnnhl" kln tks~eixbksbu xlhq&thi~hn jggn tseih elishkyhy fkoh e~ nejixb~jgs agxyhagbny ~g kn`xy~hsgnelm iglyxfhstxsiakyelm tg}hs" shnxielm ikbgseh el~kohkln lx~se~egl" kln txyaelm fgsh thgtbh el~gtgzhs~u kln axlmhs, âh tggs chks k neytsg&tgs~eglk~h cxsnhl el kn`xy~elm ~g aema jggn

tseihy, âey ey hythiekbbu ~sxh jgs tggs agxyh&agbny el xsckl yh~~elmy kln ~agyh ahknhn cu}gfhl" }ag ~uteikbbu ythln fgsh ~akl akbj~ahes eligfhy gl jggn kln ksh fgsh beohbu~g ixs~keb iglyxft~egl el ~ah jkih gj aemahstseihy,

âh aemahs tseihy kbyg akzh elneshi~ hjjhi~y,Tggs thgtbh akzh hqthsehlihn mbgckb yagioyel shihl~ uhksy" jsgf ~ah yteohy el jxhb klnjggn tseihy ~g ~ah higlgfei igl~ski~egl y~ks~&elm el 3441 kln ~ah iglyh{xhl~ shnxi~egly el

JEMXSH 3 Jggn tseihy yteohn kmkel jgs ~ah yhigln ~efh el ~ashh uhksy

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo,Lg~h0 âh ]gsbn Cklo Jggn Tseih Elnhq elibxnhy }ahk~" fkeph" seih" cksbhu" yxmks" igiglx~ geb" yguchkl geb" msgxlnlx~ geb" tkbf geb" igtsk" yguchkly" yguchkl fhkb" gsklmh"cklklk" chh" kln iaeiohl, Xlbeoh ~ah }hbb&olg}l Jggn kln Kmseixb~xsh Gsmklepk~egl ggn tseih elnhq" e~ nghy lg~ elibxnh g~ahs fhk~ kln nkesu,

4

84

;44

@kl Kts

3444

@xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl Kts @xb Gi~ @kl @kl JhcKts @xb Gi~

;84

344

384

944

Ixsshl~TseihElnhq!fgl~abu"

34486;44

%

Kmseixb~xsh Jggn Mskely Hlhsmu

344; 3443 3449 344> 3448 344: 344= 3441 3445 34;4 34;; 34;3


23/190


shfe~~klihy, Kln nsgxma~y akzh fknh ~aelmyhzhl }gsyh el fklu igxl~sehy kln bgikbhy,[xkbe~k~ezh yxszhu&ckyhn shyhksia yag}y ~ak~

~ah shytglyhy gj tggs thgtbh ~g tky~ mbgckbyagioy tsgnxihn yhzhsh elneshi~ eftki~y,;Bhyy lx~se~egxy neh~y ikxyhn fkblgxseya&fhl~ kln fknh thgtbh fgsh yxyiht~ecbh ~gjkebelm ahkb~a, âh yxnnhl elffixq gj }gsohsyel~g ~ah eljgsfkb higlgfu bg}hshn hkslelmy,âh aksnyaety hzhl bhn ~g isefelkb ki~eze~ehy"hsgnelm ~sxy~ kln igahyegl el igffxle~ehy,

Shnxielm ~ah {xkbe~u gj jggn kln ~ah lxf&chs gj fhkby }ky glh gj ~ah fgy~ igffglshytglyhy" gj~hl ~ah jesy~" el y~xnu ye~hy eligxl~sehy yxszhuhn, El knne~egl" shnxielm lgl&

jggn iglyxft~egl" }gsoelm fgsh agxsy" klnnezhsyejuelm eligfh ygxsihy !yku" cu hl~hselmk lh} eljgsfkb giixtk~egl% }hsh igffgllhksbu hzhsu}ahsh, Femsk~egl" ygfh~efhyshzhsyh femsk~egl ~g ~ah agfh kshk" }ky kbygjkesbu igffgl el shytglyh ~g ~ah jggn tseihyteohy, Kyyh~ ykbhy }hsh igffgl" kln bgklyjsgf jkfebu" jsehlny" kln fglhubhlnhsy }hshkbyg eftgs~kl~, Kl elkcebe~u ~g yhszeih feisg&lklih kln fglhubhlnhs nhc~y }ky k fk`gsygxsih gj ney~shyy el ygfh Hky~ kln Ygx~aKyekl igxl~sehy" }ahsh fklu thgtbh akn ~g

cgssg} k~ aema el~hshy~ sk~hy ~g yhszeih ~ahyhnhc~y gs bezh el jhks gj ishne~gsy ~koelm tgy&yhyyegl gj ~ahes tsgths~u, Igbbhi~elm jggn klnjxhb jsgf igffgl tsgths~u }ky eftgs~kl~glbu el ygfh bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy,

Ykbhy gj tsgnxi~ezh kyyh~y kln jgsmglh hnx&ik~egl kln ahkb~a iksh }ebb akzh bglm&bky~elmiglyh{xhlihy kln efthnh thgtbhy kcebe~u ~gshigzhs, Kln igtelm }e~a higlgfei iseyhy akyhsgnhn ~ah ykzelmy kln kyyh~ ckyh gj fkluagxyhagbny" bhkzelm ~ahf }e~a jh} shygxsihy~g fklkmh jx~xsh yagioy, Igl~elxelm aema

kln zgbk~ebh mbgckb jggn tseihy ksh ~axy kfk`gs iglihsl,

Fklu tkshl~y ygxma~ ~g tsg~hi~ iaebnshlyjggn iglyxft~egl kln yiaggbelm" }e~a knxb~agxyhagbn fhfchsy tshyhszelm ~ah {xkl&~e~u kln {xkbe~u gj jggn ~g hlyxsh ~ak~ iaeb&nshl akn tsgths neh~y, Uhy" ~ahsh }hsh fkluely~klihy gj hssk~ei k~~hlnklih kln yiaggb}e~ansk}kby chikxyh gj ~ah lhhn jgs iaebnshl~g igl~secx~h ~g agxyhagbn eligfh gs chikxyhhnxik~egl igy~y akn chigfh tsgaece~ezh, Cx~"

gl ~ah }agbh" ~ah eftki~y gl yiaggbelm }hshfgsh fx~hn ~akl hqthi~hn, âh igy~ gj hnx&ik~egl" ~ah ney~klih ~g yiaggb" kln ~ah kzkeb&

kcebe~u gj yiaggb jhhnelm elffixhlihn }ah~ahsiaebnshl y~kuhn el yiaggb,

]ak~ aemahs tseihy fhkl gstgzhs~u

âh jggn tseih yteohy el 3441 kln 34;; akzhtshzhl~hn febbegly gj thgtbh jsgf hyiktelmtgzhs~u chikxyh ~ah tggs ythln bksmh yakshygj ~ahes eligfhy gl jggnkln chikxyhfklu tggs jksfhsy ksh lh~ cxuhsy gj jggn,âh tseih yteohy ae~ xsckl tggs kln jhfkbh&

ahknhn agxyhagbny aksnhy~, ]aebh jggn tseihynsgtthn yakstbu el 3445 }e~a ~ah lkliekbiseyey" ~ahu {xeiobu shcgxlnhn kln cu hksbu34;; tseihy }hsh kbfgy~ ckio k~ 3441 bhzhby,Cx~ aema jggn tseihy fku ch bhyy aksfjxb jgs~ah tggs el ~ah bglmhs sxl chikxyh jksfhsyikl elishkyh ~ahes gx~tx~ kln tggs agxyh&agbny fku chlh~ jsgf aemahs jksf }kmhy,

âh eftki~ gj }gsbn tseih yteohy kbygnhthlny gl ag} tseihy ksh ~sklyfe~~hnbgikbbu, El H~aegtek" jgs hqkftbh" kcgx~ =8thsihl~ gj jggn iglyxft~egl ey bgikbbu tsg&

nxihn y~ktbhy !yxia ky ygsmaxf kln ~hjj%"nkfthlelm ~ah eftki~ gj seyelm tseihy gjeftgs~hn ihshkby, Cu igl~sky~" thgtbh el Ckl&mbknhya" Ikfcgnek" kln Ohluk}ahsh seih"}ahk~" fkeph" kln chkly kiigxl~ jgs >4:>thsihl~ gj jggn hqthlne~xshyksh fgshhqtgyhn ~g aemahs eftgs~ tseihy, Iaklmhy elel~hslk~eglkb tseihy akzh chhl ~seiobelm ng}l~g lk~eglkb tseihy ~g zksuelm nhmshhy" cx~ ~ahaemahs lk~eglkb tseihy akzh mshk~bu elffixhlihnlk~eglkb tgbeiehy,

El ~ah bglmhs sxl" jksfhsy ikl ch hqthi~hn

~g shytgln ~g seyelm jggn tseihy el ~}g }kuy0cu skeyelm ~ahes gzhskbb gx~tx~ kln cu y}e~ia&elm ~g tsgnxielm igffgne~ehy }agyh tseihyakzh seyhl shbk~ezh ~g g~ahsy, Jgs yags~&sxltseih zgbk~ebe~u" }ahsh tsgnxihs gx~tx~y kshbeohbu qhn" ~ah iaklmh el jksfhsy shzhlxhjsgf tsgnxi~egl ey nh~hsfelhn glbu cu ~ahiaklmh el gx~tx~ tseihy, Cx~ gzhs ~efh gx~&tx~y ikl ch hqtklnhn cu xyelm fgsh bkcgskln eltx~y" hzhl ej lg knne~eglkb bkln ey kzkeb&kcbh, ]ahsh ~ah shbk~ezh tseihy gj nejjhshl~


24/190

: G Z H S Z E H ] M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

igffgne~ehy iaklmh" y}e~iaelm ch~}hhl gx~&tx~y ey klg~ahs }ku jgs jksfhsy ~g elishkyhsh~xsly, El mhlhskb" e~ ey hkyehs jgs jksfhsy

~g y}e~ia tsgnxi~egl ~g k fgsh tsgje~kcbhisgt ~akl ~g elishkyh kmmshmk~h kmseixb~xskbgx~tx~,

Tgbeiehy ~ak~ tsgfg~h aemahs uehbny iklbefe~ ~ah kzhskmh seyh el jggn tseihy gzhs~ah bglm ~hsf ky }hbb ky nkfthl jggn tseihzgbk~ebe~u, Yxia tgbeiehy elibxnh yxttgs~elmshyhksia" hq~hlyegl" kln }k~hs fklkmhfhl~?eftsgzelm ~ah hjiehliu gj bkln fksoh~y klny~shlm~ahlelm tsgths~u sema~y? elishkyelmjksfhsy kiihyy ~g hjiehl~ ~ggby ~g fklkmhseyo? kln elishkyelm fksoh~ el~hmsk~egl" mbgc&

kbbu ky }hbb ky shmeglkbbu" ~asgxma elzhy~fhl~yel eljsky~sxi~xsh kln jkiebe~k~elm ~ah gthsk&~egly gj yxttbu iakely, Tgbeiehy ~g befe~ jggntseih zgbk~ebe~u elibxnh nhzhbgtelm }hk~ahs&~gbhskl~ zkseh~ehy" eftsgzelm ~ah fklkmhfhl~gj y~gioy" gthlelm fksoh~y ~g ~sknh" eftsgz&elm fksoh~ ~sklytkshliu" kln xyelm fksoh~&ckyhn tseih&ahnmelm fhiakleyfy, Kln tgbe&iehy ~g shnxih ~ah eftki~ gj aema kln zgbk~ebhjggn tseihy gl ~ah tggs elibxnh y~shlm~ahl&elm k igxl~suy ygiekb ykjh~u lh~y ~g tsg~hi~~ah tggs kln yxttgs~elm yfkbbagbnhsy el

y~shlm~ahlelm ~ah yxttbu shytglyh ~g aemahsjggn tseihy,

Ckbklielm ~ah seyh el ngfhy~ei tseihy !~gchlh~ tsgnxihsy% }e~a iglyxfhs tsg~hi~egley k fk`gs iakbbhlmh, Chikxyh gj yikb igl&y~skel~y" fklu igxl~sehy xyh ~sknh fhkyxshy~g befe~ ~ah ~sklyfeyyegl gj aemahs }gsbnfksoh~ tseihy ~g ngfhy~ei fksoh~y, Yikbelmxt ykjh~u lh~y ~g yxttgs~ zxblhskcbh iglyxf&hsy }e~agx~ kbyg elyxbk~elm fksoh~y aky chhlsksh" axs~elm bglm&~hsf jggn yhixse~u, ^ahfgy~ yxy~kelkcbh tgbeiehy jgixy gl hligxskm&

elm ibefk~h&shyebehl~ tsgnxi~egl" y~shlm~ahl&elm ngfhy~ei kln shmeglkb fksoh~y" fkel&~kelelm gthl ~sknh" kln cggy~elm shygxsihy ~gygiekb tsg~hi~egl,

Aemahs xlnhslgxseyafhl~

Aemahs tseihy gj jggn y~ktbhy elishkyh xlnhs&lgxseyafhl~" ky tggs iglyxfhsy ln ~ahf&yhbzhy xlkcbh ~g txsiakyh ~ah felefxfkfgxl~ gj ikbgsehy" lx~sehl~y" kln tsg~hely

lhhnhn jgs ~ahes nkebu ki~eze~ehy, Aemahs jggntseihy akzh ~}g fkel hjjhi~y gl lh~ cxuhsy gjjggn0 kl eligfh hjjhi~ ~asgxma shnxi~egly el

~ah txsiakyelm tg}hs gj tggs agxyhagbny"kln k yxcy~e~x~egl hjjhi~ ~asgxma yaej~y ~gbhyy lx~se~egxy jggn, ^ah tggs gj~hl akzh lgiageih cx~ ~g shnxih ~ahes gzhskbb jggn igl&yxft~egl el shytglyh ~g aemahs tseihy" hzhljsgf bhzhby kbshknu ~gg bg}, Jgs agxyhagbnyibgyh ~g yxcyey~hlih kln kbshknu iglyxfelm~ah iahkthy~ ygxsihy gj ikbgsehy !bhyy lx~se&~egxy jggn%" ~ah yxcy~e~x~egl tgyyecebe~ehy kshfgsh befe~hn" }e~a ~ah tggshy~ yxjjhselmfgy~, Kln el~skagxyhagbn neyisefelk~eglkmkely~ }gfhl kln iaebnshl neytsgtgs~egl&

k~hbu shnxihy ~ahes kiihyy ~g jggn,Hzhl ~hftgsksebu aema jggn tseihy ikl

kjjhi~ iaebnshly bglm&~hsf nhzhbgtfhl~,Hksbu bejh iglne~egly !jsgf igliht~egl ~g~}g uhksy gj kmh% tsgzenh ~ah jgxlnk~egly jgsknxb~ axfkl ikte~kb, Zeiegxy iesibhy gj fkb&lx~se~egl" tggs ahkb~a" kln eftkeshn igmle&~ezh nhzhbgtfhl~ yh~ iaebnshl gl bg}hs" gj~hlesshzhsyecbh" nhzhbgtfhl~ tk~ay, Iaebn fkb&lx~se~egl kiigxl~y jgs fgsh ~akl k ~aesn gj~ah xlnhs&zh fgs~kbe~ukln fkblx~se~eglnxselm tshmlkliu" jgs fgsh ~akl k jej~a gj

fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u, G~ahs aksn&~g&shzhsyheftki~y elibxnh jkb~hselm msg}~a !y~xl~elm"bg} ahema~&jgs&kmh%" kln bg} yiaggb k~~kel&fhl~, K fkblgxseyahn iaebn aky gl kzhskmhk yhzhl&fgl~a nhbku el y~ks~elm yiaggb" k4,= msknh bgyy el yiaggbelm" kln tg~hl~ekbbuk ;4;= thsihl~ shnxi~egl el bejh~efh hksl&elmynkfkmelm jx~xsh axfkl ikte~kb klnikxyelm lk~eglkb MNT bgyyhy hy~efk~hn k~ 39thsihl~, Yg" fkblx~se~egl ey lg~ `xy~ k shyxb~gj tgzhs~ue~ ey kbyg k ikxyh, Fkblgxs&eyahn ugxlm iaebnshl ksh kbyg fgsh k~ seyo

jgs iasglei neyhkyh yxia ky nekch~hy" gchye~u"auths~hlyegl" kln iksnegzkyixbks neyhkyh elknxb~aggn,

^g cxebn agxyhagbn kln elnezenxkb shyeb&ehlih kln fe~emk~h bglm&~hsf hjjhi~y" el~hszhl&~egly ikl }gso ~asgxma fxb~etbh tk~a}kuy"chugln ~suelm ~g ohht tseihy bg}, El ~ah yags~sxl" ~ah jgixy yagxbn ch gl fkel~kelelmagxyhagbn txsiakyelm tg}hs ~asgxma ikya~sklyjhsy" jggn kln lx~sehl~ ~sklyjhsy" yiaggbjhhnelm" kln }gsojksh&}e~a&lx~se~egl, El ~ah


25/190

M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3 G Z H S Z E H ] =

bglmhs ~hsf" ~ah jgixy yagxbn csgknhl ~gy~shlm~ahlelm ~ah belo ch~}hhl yfkbbagbnhskmseixb~xsh kln lx~se~egl" knnshyyelm yhk&

yglkb nhtsezk~egl" kln tsgfg~elm mesby hnx&ik~egl kln }gfhly eligfh, Ygfh ythiejeiel~hszhl~egly ~g ~ksmh~ zxblhskcbh iaebnshlelibxnh aumehlh" feisglx~sehl~y" nh}gsfelm"cshky~jhhnelm" jhhnelm nxselm ebblhyy" kln tsh&zhl~ezh kln ~ahskthx~ei jhhnelm,

]hkohs mbgckb msg}~a kln aemaggn tseihy fku efthnh tsgmshyy~g}ksn ~ah FNMy

âh mbgckb shigzhsu yag}y yemly gj y~kbb&

elm kfen nh~hsegsk~elm lkliekb iglne~egly,Mbgckb msg}~a ybg}hn ~g 9,1 thsihl~ el34;; kln ey tsg`hi~hn ~g nhibelh jxs~ahs ~g9,9 thsihl~ el 34;3, âh y~sglmhy~ ybg}ng}ley chelm jhb~ el knzklihn higlgfehy" cx~ ~ah}gsyhlelm hq~hslkb hlzesglfhl~ kln ygfh}hkohlelm el el~hslkb nhfkln ey hqthi~hn ~gbhkn ~g bg}hs msg}~a el hfhsmelm kln nhzhb&gtelm igxl~sehy ky }hbb, âey gx~bggo ey yxc&`hi~ ~g ng}lyenh seyoy" yxia ky k fxia bksmhskln fgsh tsg~ski~hn cklo nhbhzhskmelm el ~ahHxsg Kshk gs k aksn bklnelm cu ohu hfhsmelm

higlgfehy,Y~shlm~ahlelm ~ah shigzhsu }ebb sh{xesh

yxy~kelhn tgbeiu kn`xy~fhl~ k~ k fhkyxshntkih ~ak~ nhthlny ahkzebu gl k igxl~suy ies&ixfy~klihy, âhsh ksh seyoy el ygfh tbkihy gjelknh{xk~h fhnexf&~hsf yikb kn`xy~fhl~"kln el ygfh gj gzhsbu kmmshyyezh yags~&~hsfyikb kn`xy~fhl~, El ~ah knzklihn higlgfehy"}aebh jeyikb tgbeiu iglygbenk~egl tsgihhny"fglh~ksu tgbeiu yagxbn igl~elxh ~g yxttgs~msg}~a ky bglm ky xlhftbgufhl~ shfkelyaema kln elffik~egl hqthi~k~egly ksh kliagshn,

âey tgbeiu y~klih yagxbn ch kiigftklehn cuy~hknu tsgmshyy ~g}ksn shtkeselm kln shjgsf&elm lkliekb yuy~hfy kln cu y~hty ~g kzgenhqihyyezhbu skten cklo nhbhzhskmelm,

Ky jggn kln jxhb tseihy sgyh el 34;4 kln~ah sy~ akbj gj 34;;" iglyxfhs tseihy sgyhel ~klnhf el fklu igxl~sehy, El hfhsmelmkln nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy ~ah fhnekl elffik&~egl sk~h sgyh jsgf > thsihl~ el 3445 ~g :thsihl~ el 34;;" cx~ hqthsehlihy }hsh feqhn,El kcgx~ k ~aesn gj igxl~sehy elffik~egl kck~hn

gzhs ~aey thsegn" cx~ el fklu igxl~sehy e~ sgyhyakstbu, El Cxsxlne elffik~egl fgsh ~akl ~se&tbhn jsgf > thsihl~ el 3445 ~g ;8 thsihl~

el 34;; ky ~ah fglh~ksu kx~agse~ehy ygxma~ ~gigl~kel ~ah yhigln&sgxln hjjhi~y gj eftgs~hnelffik~egl, Kln el Cklmbknhya elffik~egl ngx&cbhn jsgf 8 thsihl~ ~g ;; thsihl~,

K }hkohs&~akl&hqthi~hn mbgckb higlgfeihlzesglfhl~ }gxbn iakbbhlmh hfhsmelm klnnhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy ky ~ahu tsgmshyy ~g}ksn~ah FNMy, Yagxbn ng}lyenh seyoy yxia ky kyakst mbgckb ybg}ng}l gs klg~ahs yxsmh eljggn tseihy fk~hsekbeph" fklu bg}&eligfhigxl~sehy }gxbn akzh ~g igljsgl~ ~ah ye~x&k~egl }e~a }hkohs cxjjhsy ~akl el 3445, El

~ah hzhl~ gj klg~ahs yakst ng}l~xsl" ~ahyigth jgs yikb y~efxbxy }gxbn ~ahshjgsh chfgsh befe~hn" cx~ ~agyh }e~a yxjjeiehl~ jey&ikb sggf yagxbn kef ~g tsg~hi~ ythlnelm ~gygj~hl ~ah higlgfei kln ygiekb eftki~ gj kmbgckb ng}l~xsl, K lh} mbgckb jggn tseihyteoh }gxbn tshyhl~ bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy}e~a nejixb~ ~sknh&gjjy kfglm tseih y~kceb&e~u" hq~hslkb" kln ygiekb gc`hi~ezhy, K tskm&fk~ei shytglyh yagxbn elibxnh fhkyxshy ~gtsg~hi~ ~ah tggs kln zxblhskcbh }aebh bksmhbukiigffgnk~elm ~ah jesy~&sgxln eftki~ gl

elffik~egl, âh yikb tgbeiu shytglyh yagxbn ch}hbb ~ksmh~hn" hlyxsh yikb kjjgsnkcebe~u" klnkzgen higlgfei ney~gs~egly, ah kttsgtsek~hfglh~ksu tgbeiu shytglyh }gxbn nhthln gl~ah elffik~egl gx~bggo" ~ah tkyy&~asgxma jsgfjggn tseihy ~g g~ahs tseihy" kln ~ah kzkeb&kcebe~u gj hq~hslkb cxjjhsy" yxia ky shyhszhy,Jskmebh y~k~hy }gxbn sh{xesh ythiekb k~~hl~eglelibxnelm jsgf ~ah el~hslk~eglkb igffxle~u,

Xyelm ~sknh tgbeiu ~g gzhsigfhggn elyhixse~u

El~hslk~eglkb ihshkb tseih yteohy elishkyhn ~ahjggn eftgs~ cebby gj ygfh bg}&eligfh jggn&nhjeie~ igxl~sehy" tx~~elm tshyyxsh gl ~ahesckbklih gj tkufhl~y, ah ihshkb eftgs~ cebb gjbg}&eligfh jggn&nhie~ igxl~sehy }ky .9;,1cebbegl el 34;4;; !35 thsihl~ fgsh ~aklel 3445;4%" nhyte~h aemahs tsgnxi~egl el34;4 kln ~ah bg}hs zgbxfh gj ihshkb eftgs~ysh{xeshn, Lgs~a Kjseik kln ~ah Tkiei Eybklnyyxjjhshn ~ah bksmhy~ lhmk~ezh eftki~" tkuelm


26/190

1 G Z H S Z E H ] M B G C K B F G L E ^ G S E L M S H T G S ^ 3 4 ; 3

aemahs tseihy kln eftgs~elm fgsh ihshkby ~gfhh~ ngfhy~ei nhfkln, Kb~agxma ~ah hy~e&fk~hn ihshkb eftgs~ cebb gj ~ah jggn&nhie~

igxl~sehy ey y~ebb chbg} ~ah shigsn yh~ nxselm~ah 3441 jggn iseyey" ~ah elishkyh el ihshkbigy~y" igfcelhn }e~a tseih elishkyhy jgsg~ahs jggn kln jhs~ebephs eftgs~hn cu ~ahyhigxl~sehy" ey ikxyh jgs iglihsl,

Aemahs jggn tseihy ikl xtyh~ ~ah ckb&klih ch~}hhl lhhnhn ythlnelm ~g fe~emk~h~ah effhnek~h eftki~ gj ~ah iseyey kln bglm&~hsf nhzhbgtfhl~, Shixsshl~ jggn iseyhyfku sh{xesh knne~eglkb ygiekb ythlnelm? ~g chigy~&hjjhi~ezh" yxia ythlnelm yagxbn hftak&yeph ~ksmh~hn ygiekb ykjh~u lh~y sk~ahs ~akl

xlezhsykb tsgnxihs kln iglyxfhs yxcyenehy,Fgy~ nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy tshyhszhn ~ahesigsh ythlnelm gl ahkb~a" hnxik~egl" klneljsky~sxi~xsh nxselm 3441 45" elishkyelm~ahes shyebehlih ~g jggn kln lkliekb iseyhy,El ~ah thsegn yelih" ag}hzhs" fklu igxl~sehyakzh lg~ knh{xk~hbu shcxeb~ ~ahes yikb tgbeiucxjjhsy kln ~axy fku ln e~ fgsh nejixb~ ~gtshyhszh igsh ythlnelm el ~ah jkih gj klg~ahsfk`gs yagio, ^g fkel~kel ~aey shyebehlihel ~ah igftgye~egl gj hqthlne~xshy" fxia}ebb nhthln gl ~ah igy~ kln kzkebkcebe~u gj

shygxsihy mgelm jgs}ksn,^sknh ey kl hqihbbhl~ cxjjhs jgs ngfhy&

~ei ffixi~xk~egly el jggn yxttbu, âhsh ey lgmbgckb jggn yags~kmh0 ~ah tsgcbhf ey shmeglkbgs bgikb" glh gj fgzelm jggn" gj~hl kisgyycgsnhsy" jsgf yxstbxy ~g nhie~ kshky" igx&tbhn }e~a kjjgsnkcebe~u, âh }gsbn gx~tx~ gjk mezhl jggn igffgne~u ey jks bhyy zksekcbh~akl ~ah gx~tx~ el elnezenxkb igxl~sehy, Ygmshk~hs ~sknh el~hmsk~egl agbny iglyenhskcbhtg~hl~ekb jgs y~kcebepelm jggn tseihy" cggy~elmsh~xsly ~g jksfhsy" kln shnxielm ~ah tseihy

jkielm iglyxfhsy,^sknh bechskbepk~egl tsg~hi~y lk~eglkb jggn

fksoh~y kmkely~ ngfhy~ei yagioy cu kbbg}&elm fgsh jggn ~g ch eftgs~hn el ~efhy gjyags~kmh kln hqtgs~hn el ~efhy gj tbhl~u, Cx~aey~gseikbbukln nhyte~h k agy~ gj shmeglkb~sknh kmshhfhl~yfgy~ igxl~sehy akzh ~kohl~ah gttgye~h kttsgkia, âhu shy~sei~ jggneftgs~y kln neyigxskmh hqtgs~y el gj~hl&jkebhn k~~hft~y ~g ohht ngfhy~ei fksoh~y

eygbk~hn jsgf el~hslk~eglkb yagioy cu hlyxs&elm yhbj&yxjiehliu el jggn tsgnxi~egl,

Yhbj&yxjiehliu yagxbn ch }hemahn kmkely~

~ah chlhje~y gj iahkths eftgs~y, K igxl~su~ak~ ey k lk~xskb hqtgs~hs yagxbn lg~ hlixf&chs e~y igftksk~ezh knzkl~kmh }e~a hqtgs~ckly, K igxl~su ~ak~ ~hlny ~g eftgs~ jggnyagxbn kbbg} e~y ngfhy~ei fksoh~ ~g shfkelbelohn ~g ~ah }gsbn fksoh~, Hligxskmelmfgsh ~sknhlg~ bhyyikl ~axy tsgfg~h jggnyhixse~u" }aeia sh{xeshy k fgsh gthl" sxbhy&ckyhn fxb~ebk~hskb ~sknh shmefh chy~ kiaehzhncu iglibxnelm ~ah Ngak Sgxln gj lhmg~ek&~egly k~ ~ah ]gsbn ^sknh Gsmklepk~egl,

Hjjgs~y ~g hq~hln ~sknh el~hmsk~egl ~g

nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy yagxbn kbyg jgixy gltsgfg~elm fgsh hjjhi~ezh shmeglkb el~hmsk&~egl" elibxnelm ~ak~ jgs jggn tsgnxi~y, Jkiebe&~k~elm jggn ~sknh ey kbyg eftgs~kl~ ~asgxmaelishkyhn Ken jgs ^sknh ~g tsgfg~h jsei~egl&bhyy cgsnhsy kln jkiebe~k~h k yxttbu shytglyh~g seyelm tseihy" tks~eixbksbu el Yxc&YkaksklKjseik,

Ken jg}y" igftgye~egl" klnhhi~ezhlhyy

Gjiekb nhzhbgtfhl~ kyyey~klih !GNK% akyelishkyhn yemleikl~bu gzhs ~ah tky~ nhiknh"lhksbu ngxcbelm ky k yaksh gj nglgs msgyylk~egl eligfh, Cx~ e~ aky jkbbhl yags~ gj klxfchs gj el~hslk~eglkbbu kmshhn ~ksmh~y,Tsgmskffhn ken jgs 34;;;9 elneik~hy ~ak~~ah msg}~a gj GNK neycxsyhfhl~y ey gl ~skio~g ybg} el shkb ~hsfy kln elnhhn yaselo gl kths ikte~k ckyey jgs shietehl~ igxl~sehy,

Yxstseyelmbu" ~ah ken neshi~hn ~g}ksnkmseixb~xsh" jggn" kln lx~se~egl;4 ths&ihl~ gj ~g~kb igffe~fhl~y el 34;4aky

lg~ elishkyhn el shytglyh ~g ~ah shihl~ jggntseih yteohy gs yelih ~ah FNMy }hsh kmshhnel 3444, Kln kyyey~klih jgs lx~se~egl shtsh&yhl~y k fhsh jski~egl gj ~ahyh igffe~fhl~y!kcgx~ 9 thsihl~ gj ~g~kb ken ffig}y ~g kmseixb&~xsh" jggn" kln lx~se~egl%" nhyte~h }enhytshknhzenhlih ~ak~ eftsgzelm lx~se~egl kln fko&elm mkely el hksbu iaebnaggn nhzhbgtfhl~ kshohuy ~g fhh~elm yhzhskb FNMy kln ~g fko&elm bglm&~hsf tsgmshyy el nhzhbgtfhl~,


27/190


Bggoelm kahkn" ken jbg}y ktthks yh~ ~gybg}" beohbu shffihi~elm ~ah lhhn jgs yakst yikbiglygbenk~egl jgs fklu bksmh nglgsy, Ckyhn

gl shtgs~hn nglgs tbkly nxselm 34;;;9"neycxsyhfhl~y jgs igxl~su tsgmskffkcbh ken!kiigxl~elm jgs sgxmabu :4 thsihl~ gj ~g~kbGNK% }ebb ki~xkbbu jkbb ybema~bu cu k shkb 4,3thsihl~ k uhks gl kzhskmh,

Fhh~elm ~ah FNMy sh{xeshy ~ak~ ken ffig}yksh xyhn ky hjjhi~ezhbu ky tgyyecbh, El ~ah TkseyNhibksk~egl gl Ken Hjjhi~ezhlhyy !3448% kln~ah Kiisk Kmhlnk jgs Ki~egl !3441%" kmshh&fhl~y shkiahn k~ ~ah âesn kln Jgxs~a AemaBhzhb Jgsxfy" ~ah el~hslk~eglkb igffxle~uyh~ gx~ yhzhskb tselietbhy kln igffe~~hn ~g

ythiei ki~egly xlnhs hkia tselietbh" }e~a ~ahmgkb gj elishkyelm ~ah hjjhi~ezhlhyy gj ~ah kennhbezhshnky }hbb ky ~ah bhzhb gj neycxsyh&fhl~y, Ygfh tsgmshyy ~g}ksn mshk~hs kenhjjhi~ezhlhyy aky chhl fknh, Cx~ glbu ; gj ~ahTksey Nhibksk~egly ;9 ~ksmh~y jgs 34;4 akychhl fh~" }e~a tsgmshyy befe~hn jgs ~ah g~ahs;3, Hzhl yg" ~ah mgkby kln kyygiek~hn tgbeiukn`xy~fhl~y fknh k~ ~ah jgsxfy yhhf ~g akzhigl~secx~hn ~g ~ah yemleikl~ seyh el ken ffig}y,

Hjjgs~y ~g eftsgzh ken hjjhi~ezhlhyy kshchelm txsyxhn kmkely~ ~ah ckionsgt gj jxl&

nkfhl~kb iaklmhy el ken ksiae~hi~xsh, âhken kmhlnk ey yaej~elm" }e~a ikbby jgs y~sglmhsbhknhsyaet kln g}lhsyaet cu shietehl~y" fgshaksfglepk~egl kln iggsnelk~egl kfglmnglgsy" kln mshk~hs ~sklytkshliu, âh nglgsigffxle~u aky nskfk~eikbbu hqtklnhn klnchigfh fxia fgsh nezhsyh, Fklu lh} tse&zk~h kln txcbei nglgsy ksh igfelm gl~g~ah y~kmh" kfglm ~ahf lglmgzhslfhl~kb

gsmklepk~egly !elibxnelm taebkl~asgtey~ykln igstgsk~egly% kln k msg}elm lxfchsgj fennbh&eligfh igxl~sehy, âh yakst seyh

el y~kohagbnhsy aemabema~y ~ah }ku nhzhbgt&fhl~ nhfklny kl hq~hlyezh yh~ gj ~ggby klntks~lhsyaety,

GNK ey elishkyelmbu zeh}hn ky glbu glh gjfklu el~hslk~eglkb ki~eze~ehy !yxia ky ~sknhkln elzhy~fhl~% ~ak~ yxttgs~ bglm&~hsf yxy&~kelkcbh nhzhbgtfhl~ kln tgzhs~u kbbhzek&~egl, Cx~ e~ shfkely k fk`gs ely~sxfhl~ jgsnhzhbgtfhl~ iggthsk~egl, âh el~hslk~eglkbken igffxle~u lhhny ~g igl~elxh ~g eftsgzheljgsfk~egl&yakselm kln ~g jkiebe~k~h ~ah tks&~eietk~egl gj ~ah hqtklnelm GNK kmhl~y el

yh~~elm ~ah mbgckb nhzhbgtfhl~ kmhlnk~gch~~hs knnshyy ~ah lhhny gj ~ah tggs" elibxn&elm yxia ise~eikb eyyxhy ky jggn kln lx~se~egl,

Lg~h

;, Jgixy msgxty kln el~hszeh}y }hsh ikssehn gx~

el ;= igxl~sehy }e~a shytglnhl~y shtshyhl~elm

msgxty hqtgyhn ~g higlgfei yagioy" yxia ky

}gsohsy el hqtgs~&gsehl~hn yhi~gsy" eljgsfkb

yhi~gs }gsohsy" kln jksfhsy, âh shyhksia

hqtbgshn ~ah hq~hl~ ~g }aeia thgtbh }hsh kcbh

~g shfkel shyebehl~ kmkely~ ~ah shihl~ higlgfeiyagioy kln ~ah fhkly ~ahu xyhn ~g ng yg, Nk~k

ikfh jsgf xt ~g jgxs sgxlny gj {xkbe~k~ezh

shyhksia k~ ye~hy el Cklmbknhya" Ikfcgnek"

Ihl~skb Kjseikl Shtxcbei" Maklk" Elnglhyek"

@kfkeik" Okpkoay~kl" Ohluk" Fglmgbek" Taeb&

ettelhy" Yhlhmkb" Yhscek" âkebkln" Xoskelh"

Zeh~lkf" ~ah Shtxcbei gj Uhfhl" kln Pkfcek

!yhh iakt~hs ;%,


28/190

;

^KSMH^ ;,K Akbzh" ch~}hhl ;554 kln 34;8"

~ah tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh }agyh eligfh ey

bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku

^KSMH^ ;,C Kiaehzh jxbb kln tsgnxi~ezh

hftbgufhl~ kln nhihl~ }gso jgs kbb"

elibxnelm }gfhl kln ugxlm thgtbh

^KSMH ;,I Akbzh" ch~}hhl ;554 kln

34;8" ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh }ag yxfflhs

jsgf axlmhs

^KSMH^ >,K Shnxih cu ~}g&~aesny"

ch~}hhl ;554 kln 34;8" ~ah xlnhs&

zh fgs~kbe~u sk~h

^KSMH^ 3,K Hlyxsh ~ak~ cu 34;8"

iaebnshl hzhsu}ahsh" cguy kln mesby kbeoh"

}ebb ch kcbh ~g igftbh~h k jxbb igxsyh

gj tsefksu yiaggbelm

^KSMH^ 9,K Hbefelk~h mhlnhs neytkse~u

el tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl"

tshjhskcbu cu 3448" kln k~ kbb bhzhby

gj hnxik~egl lg bk~hs ~akl 34;8

Hskneik~h hq~shfh

tgzhs~u kln axlmhs

Shnxih iaebn

fgs~kbe~u

Kiaehzh xlezhsykbtsefksu hnxik~egl

Tsgfg~h mhlnhs

h{xkbe~u kln

hftg}hs }gfhl

3

Mgkby kln ksmh~y jsgf ~ahFebbhllexf Nhibksk~egl

9

Shnxih i

>


29/190

^KSMH^ 1,K Nhzhbgt jxs~ahs kl gthl" sxbh&

ckyhn" tshnei~kcbh" lglneyisefelk~gsu ~sknelm

kln lkliekb yuy~hf !elibxnelm k igffe~fhl~

~g mggn mgzhslklih" nhzhbgtfhl~" kln tgz&

hs~u shnxi~egl" lk~eglkbbu kln el~hslk~eglkbbu%

^KSMH^ 1,C Knnshyy ~ah ythiekb lhhny gj ~ah

bhky~&nhzhbgthn igxl~sehy !elibxnelm ~kseffl&

kln {xg~k&jshh kiihyy jgs hqtgs~y gj ~ah bhky~&

nhzhbgthn igxl~sehy? hlaklihn nhc~ shbehj

jgs ahkzebu elnhc~hn tggs igxl~sehy kln

iklihbbk~egl gj g iekb cebk~hskb nhc~? kln fgsh

mhlhsgxy g iekb nhzhbgtfhl~ kyyey~klih jgs

igxl~sehy igffe~~hn ~g shnxielm tgzhs~u%

^KSMH^ 1,I Knnshyy ~ah ythiekb lhhny gj

bklnbgiohn igxl~sehy kln yfkbb eybkln

nhzhbgtelm y~k~hy !~asgxma ~ah Tsgmskffh

gj Ki~egl jgs ~ah Yxy~kelkcbh Nhzhbgtfhl~

gj Yfkbb Eybkln Nhzhbgtelm Y~k~hy kln ~ah

gx~igfh gj ~ah 33ln ythiekb yhyyegl gj

~ah Mhlhskb Kyyhfcbu%

^KSMH^ 1,N Nhkb igftshahlyezhbu }e~a

~ah nhc~ tsgcbhfy gj nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy

~asgxma lk~eglkb kln el~hslk~eglkb fhkyxshy~g fkoh nhc~ yxy~kelkcbh el ~ah bglm ~hsf

^KSMH^ 1,H El iggthsk~egl }e~a taksfkihx~e&

ikb igftklehy" tsgzenh kiihyy ~g kfflgsnkcbh"

hyyhl~ekb nsxmy el nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy

^KSMH^ 1,J El iggthsk~egl }e~a ~ah tsezk~h

yhi~gs" fkoh kzkebkcbh ~ah chlh~y gj lh}

~hialgbgmehy" hythiekbbu eljgsfk~egl kln

igffxleik~egly

^KSMH^ 8,K Shnxih cu ~ashh&{xks~hsy"

ch~}hhl ;554 kln 34;8" ~ah fk~hslkb

fgs~kbe~u sk~eg

^KSMH^ 8,C Kiaehzh cu 34;8 xlezhsykb

kiihyy ~g shtsgnxi~ezh ahkb~a

^KSMH^ :,K Akzh akb~hn cu 34;8

kln chmxl ~g shzhsyh ~ah ytshkn

gj AEZ'KENY

^KSMH^ :,C Kiaehzh cu 34;4 xlezhsykb

kiihyy ~g ~shk~fhl~ jgs AEZ'KENY jgs

kbb ~agyh }ag lhhn e~

^KSMH^ :,I Akzh akb~hn cu 34;8

kln chmxl ~g shzhsyh ~ah elienhlih

gj fkbksek kln g~ahs fk`gs neyhkyhy

^KSMH =,K El~hmsk~h ~ah tselietbhy gj

yxy~kelkcbh nhzhbgtfhl~ el~g igxl~su

tgbeiehy kln tsgmskfy kln shzhsyh ~ah

bgyy gj hlzesglfhl~kb shygxsihy

^KSMH =,C Shnxih cegnezhsye~u bgyy"

kiaehzelm cu 34;4 k yemleikl~ shnxi~egl

el ~ah sk~h gj bgyy

^KSMH =,I Akbzh cu 34;8 ~ah tsgtgs~egl

gj thgtbh }e~agx~ yxy~kelkcbh kiihyy

~g ykjh nseloelm }k~hs kln ckyei ykle~k~egl

^KSMH =,N Akzh kiaehzhn k yemleikl~

eftsgzhfhl~ cu 3434 el ~ah bezhy gj k~

bhky~ ;44 febbegl ybxf n}hbbhsy

Eftsgzh fk~hslkb

ahkb~a

Igfck~ AEZ'KENY"

fkbksek" kln

g~ahs neyhkyhy

Hlyxsh

hlzesglfhl~kb

yxy~kelkcebe~u

Nhzhbgt k mbgckb

tks~lhsyaet jgsnhzhbgtfhl~

Ygxsih0Xle~hn Lk~egly, 3441, Shtgs~ gj ~ah Yhish~ksu&Mhlhskb gl ~ah Elneik~gsy jgs Fgle~gselm ~ah Febbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mg kby, H'IL,9'3441'35, Lh} Ugso,

Lg~h0 ^ah Febbhllexf Nhzhbgtfhl~ Mgkby kln ~ksmh~ y igfh jsgf ~ah Febbhllexf Nhibksk~egl" yemlhn cu ;15 igxl~sehy" elibxnelm ;>= ahkny gj y~k~h kln mgzhslfhl~" el Yht~hfchs 344

!a~~t0''}}},xl,gsm'febbhllexf'nhibksk~egl'kshy883h,a~f% kln jsgf jxs~ahs kmshhfhl~ cu f hfchs y~k~hy k~ ~ah 3448 ]gsbn Yxffe~ !Shygbx~egl kngt~hn cu ~ah Mhlhskb Kyyhfcbu

K'SHY':4';%, ah mgkby kln ~ksmh~y ksh el~hsshbk~hn kln yagxbn ch yhhl ky k }agbh, ahu shtshyhl~ k tks~lhsyaet ch ~}hhl ~ah nhzhbgthn igxl~sehy kln ~ah nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy~g ishk~h kl hlzesglfhl~k~ ~ah lk~eglkb kln mbgckb bhzhby kbeoh}aeia ey iglnxiezh ~g nhzhbgtfhl~ kln ~ah hbefelk~egl gj tgzhs~u,

8

:

=

Nhzhbgt k

1


30/190

Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy

Mbgckb tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah 34;8 Febbhllexf Nhzhbgt&

fhl~ Mgkby !FNMy% zksehy kisgyy ~ksmh~y kln shmegly, K~

~ah mbgckb bhzhb" ixsshl~ hy~efk~hy elneik~h ~ak~ ~ksmh~y

shbk~hn ~g hq~shfh tgzhs~u !FNM ;,k% kln kiihyy ~g ykjh

nseloelm }k~hs !FNM =,i% akzh chhl shkiahn !jemxsh ;%,

Kiigsnelmbu" ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh }agyh eligfh

ey bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku aky nhishkyhn cu k~ bhky~ 84 ths&

ihl~ yelih ;554" }ahl mbgckb tgzhs~u }ky hy~efk~hn k~>9,; thsihl~, Yefebksbu" ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh }e~agx~

yxy~kelkcbh kiihyy ~g ykjh nseloelm }k~hs aky chhl akbzhn

jsgf ~ah 3> thsihl~ hy~efk~hn jgs ;554,

Tsgmshyy ey kbyg yemlejeikl~ jgs tsefksu igftbh~egl

!FNM 3,k% kln mhlnhs h{xkbe~u el tsefksu kln yhiglnksu

hnxik~egl !FNM 9,k%, Bk~hy~ kzkebkcbh nk~k yxmmhy~ ~ak~

nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy ksh }e~ael ;4 thsihl~kmh tgel~y gj

~ah gl&~skio ~sk`hi~gsu !mxsh ;%" fhklelm ~ak~ k~ ixsshl~

~shlny ~ahyh ~}g nhzhbgtfhl~ mgkby }ebb beohbu ch shkiahn

cu ~ah uhks 34;8,

Gl ~ah g~ahs akln" tsgmshyy aky chhl bkmmelm jgs

ahkb~a&shbk~hn FNMy, Mbgckb ~ksmh~y shbk~hn ~g eljkl~ kln

fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u !FNMy >,k kln 8,k%" kln ~g k bhyyhs

hq~hl~" kiihyy ~g ckyei ykle~k~egl !FNM =,i% ksh yemleje&

ikl~bu gffl&~skio !mxsh ;%, Ixsshl~ tsgmshyy el shnxielm cu

~ashh&{xks~hsy ~ah fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u sk~eg sgxmabu shtsh&

yhl~y akbj gj ~ah sh{xeshn eftsgzhfhl~ lhhnhn ~g shkia

~ah 34;8 mgkb,

Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah 34;8 mgkby ey shbk~hn ~g eligfh

kln ely~e~x~egly, Lgljskmebh xtths&fennbh&eligfh igxl&

~sehy akzh shkiahn gs ksh gl ~skio ~g kiaehzh" gl kzhskmh"

yeq nhzhbgtfhl~ ~ksmh~y" }ahshky igxl~sehy el jskmebh

ye~xk~egl ksh iglyenhskcbu bkmmelm chaeln" }e~a glbu ~}g

mgkby kiaehzhn gs gl ~skio, Lgljskmebh bg}& kln bg}hs&

fennbh&eligfh igxl~sehy !}e~a ~ashh kln jgxs mgkby"

shythi~ezhbu" kiaehzhn gs gl ~skio% akzh kbyg thsjgsfhn

ch~~hs ~akl igxl~sehy el jskmebh ye~xk~egly" kb~agxma lg~ ky

}hbb ky xtths&fennbh&eligfh igxl~sehy,

K~ ~ah shmeglkb bhzhb" tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy ey

fgsh nezhsyh" kb~agxma ahkb~a&shbk~hn ~ksmh~y }ebb

beohbu ch feyyhn el fgy~ shmegly !mxsh 3%, El Hky~ Kyek

kln Tkiei ~ah ~ksmh~y gl hq~shfh tgzhs~u" mhlnhs

tkse~u" kln kiihyy ~g }k~hs kln ykle~k~egl akzh chhl

shkiahn, Tsgmshyy ey yxcy~kl~ekb }e~a shmksn ~g tsefksu

igftbh~egl" kln ~ah mgkb yagxbn ch kiaehzhn el ~ah uhksy

shfkelelm ~g 34;8, Iaebn kln fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u ksh ~ah

~ksmh~y bkmmelm ~ah fgy~,

El Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj tggs aky

chhl akbzhn yelih ;554" kln ~ah ~ksmh~ gl kiihyy ~g

}k~hs aky chhl shkiahn, Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn kiaehzelm xle&

zhsykb tsefksu hnxik~egl kln tsgfg~elm mhlnhs h{xkbe~u

ey ixsshl~bu gl ~skio, Elishkyhn hfflgs~y fxy~ ch xlnhs~kohl

}e~a shmksn ~g eftsgzelm fk~hslkb ahkb~a kln kiihyy ~g

ckyei ykle~k~egl,

Bk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl aky kbshknu

shkiahn ~ah ~ksmh~y gl hq~shfh tgzhs~u" tsefksu

igftbh~egl" mhlnhs h{xkbe~u" kln kiihyy ~g ykjh

}k~hs, ^ah shmegl ey ths jgsfelm ch~ ~hs ~akl ~ah shy~

gj ~ah nhzhbgtelm }gsbn el shbk~egl ~g iaebn fgs~kbe~u"

akzelm kiaehzhn fgsh ~akl :4 thsihl~ gj ~ah tsgm&

shyy lhhnhn ~g shnxih xlnhs&8 fgs~kbe~u cu ~}g&~aesny,

Ag}hzhs" Bk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl jkihy yhsegxy

iakbbhlmhy shmksnelm fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u" ky tsgmshyy el

~aey FNM aky chhl yemleikl~bu ybg},

Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseik aky shkiahn ~ah

tgzhs~u ~ksmh~ ky }hbb ky ~ah ~ksmh~ gl kiihyy ~g

eftsgzhn ykle~k~egl jkiebe~ehy, ^ah shmegl ey fkoelm

jky~ tsgmshyy ~g}ksn kiaehzelm xlezhsykb tsefksu hnxik&

~egl kln mhlnhs h{xkbe~u, Lhzhs~ahbhyy" tsgmshyy ~g}ksn

hlyxselm kiihyy ~g ykjh nseloelm }k~hs kln hskneik~elm

fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u ey bkmmelm,

Ygx~a Kyek aky shkiahn ~ah ~ksmh~ gl kiihyy ~g ykjh

}k~hs kln }ebb tsgckcbu hbefelk~h mhlnhs neytkse~u el

tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl cu 34;8, Tsgmshyy

aky kbyg chhl fknh }e~a shythi~ ~g tsefksu igftbh~egl

kln" ~g k bhyyhs hq~hl~" hq~shfh tgzhs ~u shnxi~egl, Jky~hstsgmshyy ey sh{xeshn el ~hsfy gj shnxielm iaebn kln fk~hs&

lkb fgs~kbe~u kln eftsgzelm kiihyy ~g ykle~k~egl jkiebe~ehy ej

~ah shmegl ey ~g shkia ~ahyh mgkby cu 34;8,

Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik ey bkmmelm }e~a shythi~ ~g g~ahs

shmegly kln fgy~ FNMy, Ag}hzhs" ~ah shmegl aky

kiaehzhn fgsh ~akl :4 thsihl~ gj ~ah tsgmshyy sh{xeshn

~g shkia" cu 34;8" mgkby yxia ky mhlnhs tkse~u" tsefksu

igftbh~egl" kiihyy ~g ykjh }k~hs" kln hq~shfh tgzhs~u,

Ky jgs g~ahs shmegly" ahkb~a&shbk~hn FNMy" tks~eixbksbu

fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u" sh{xesh xsmhl~ k~~hl~egl,

;3


31/190

4

;4

34

94

>4

84

:4

=4

14

54;44

FNM ;,kHq~shfhtgzhs~u

!tgtxbk~eglchbg}.;,38 nku"3448 TTT%

FNM 3,kTsefksu

igftbh~egl

sk~h !~g~kbg shbhzkl~kmh msgxt%

FNM 9,kSk~eg g

mesby ~g cguy

el tsefksu klnyhiglnksuhnxik~egl


elkl~y

!ths ;"444bezh ces~ay%


iaebnshl

xlnhs 8!ths ;"444%

FNM 8,kFk~hslkbfgs~kbe~u

sk~eg !fgnhbhnhy~efk~h"ths ;44"444bezh ces~ay%

FNM =,iEftsgzhn

}k~hs ygxsih

!tgtxbk~egl}e~agx~kiihyy%

FNM =,iEftsgzhnykle~k~egl

kiebe~ehy!tgtxbk~egl}e~agx~ kiihyy%

Igsshytglnelm ~ksmh~ Bk~hy~ kzkebkcbh zkbxh

Thsihl~

4

34

>4

:4

14

;44

Ygx~a KyekFennbh Hky~ *

Lgs~a Kseik

Bk~el Kfhseik *

~ah Iksecchkl

Hxsgth * Ihl~skb

Kyek

Hky~ Kyek * Tkieji

FNM ;,k Hq~shfh tgzhs~u

FNM 3,k Tsefksu igftbh~egl sk~h

FNM >,k Fgs~kbe~u sk~h" elkl~y

FNM 9,k Sk~eg g mesby ~g cguy el

tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl

FNM >,k Fgs~kbe~u sk~h" iaebnshl xlnhs&8

FNM 8,k Fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u sk~eg

FNM =,i Eftsgzhn }k~hs ygxsih

FNM =,i Eftsgzhn ykle~k~egl kiebe~ehy

Yxc&Ykakskl Kseik

Ney~klih ~g 34;8 mgkb kiaehzhn !(%

JEMXSH ; Mbgckb tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy zksehy!nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy" }hema~hn cu tgtxbk~egl%

JEMXSH 3 Shmeglkb tsgmshyy ~g}ksn ~ah FNMy!nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy" }hema~hn cu tgtxbk~egl%

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl ikbixbk~egly ckyhn gl nk~k jsgf ~ah ]gsbn Nhzhbgtfhl~ Elneik~gsy nk~kckyh,

Lg~h0 K zkbxh gj ;44 thsihl~ fhkly ~ak~ ~ah shythi~ezh FNM aky chhl shkiahn, Igsshytglnelm ~ksmh~ elneik~hy tsgmshyy tshyhl~bu lhhnhn ~g

shkia ~ah mgkb cu 34;8, Bk~hy~ kzkebkcbh zkbxh nhlg~hy tshyhl~ tsgmshyy ky ebbxy~sk~hn cu fgy~ shihl~ kzkebkcbh nk~k0 hq~shfh tgzhs~u" 34;4?

tsefksu igftbh~egl sk~h" 3445? sk~eg gj mesby ~g cguy el tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl" 3445? fgs~kbe~u sk~h" eljkl~y" 34;4? fgs~kbe~u sk~h"

iaebnshl xlnhs 8" 34;4? fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u sk~eg" 3441? eftsgzhn }k~hs ygxsih" 34;4? eftsgzhn ykle~k~egl jkiebe~ehy" 3441%,

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl ikbixbk~egly ckyhn gl nk~k jsgf ~ah ]gsbn Nhzhbgtfhl~ Elneik~gsy nk~kckyh,

Lg~h0 K zkbxh gj ;44 thsihl~ fhkly ~ak~ ~ah shythi~ezh FNM aky chhl shkiahn, Zkbxhy nhlg~h tshyhl~ tsgmshyy ky ebbxy~sk~hn cu fgy~ shihl~

kzkebkcbh nk~k0 hq~shfh tgzhs~u" 34;4? tsefksu igftbh~egl sk~h" 3445? sk~eg gj mesby ~g cguy el tsefksu kln yhiglnksu" 3445? fgs~kbe~u sk~h" eljkl~y"

34;4? fgs~kbe~u sk~h" iaebnshl xlnhs 8" 34;4? fk~hslkb fgs~kbe~u sk~eg" 3441? eftsgzhn }k~hs ygxsih" 34;4? eftsgzhn ykle~k~egl jkiebe~ehy" 3441%,

;9


32/190

Hskneik~elm hq~shfh tgzhs~ukln axlmhs

Tgzhs~u kln axlmhs shfkel" cx~ jh}hs thgtbh bezh el

hq~shfh tgzhs~u, âh tsgtgs~egl gj thgtbh bezelm gl

bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku jhbb jsgf >9,; thsihl~ el ;554 ~g 33,3

thsihl~ el 3441, ]aebh ~ah jggn" jxhb" kln lkliekb iseyhy

gzhs ~ah tky~ jgxs uhksy akzh }gsyhlhn ~ah ye~xk~egly gj

zxblhskcbh tgtxbk~egly kln ybg}hn ~ah sk~h gj tgzhs~u

shnxi~egl el ygfh igxl~sehy" mbgckb tgzhs~u sk~hy oht~

jkbbelm, Ch~}hhl 3448 kln 3441 cg~a ~ah tgzhs~u sk~h kln~ah lxfchs gj thgtbh bezelm el hq~shfh tgzhs~u jhbb el kbb

yeq nhzhbgtelm shmegly" ~ah sy~ ~efh ~ak~ aky aktthlhn,

Tshbefelksu hy~efk~hy jgs 34;4 yag} ~ak~ ~ah hq~shfh

tgzhs~u sk~h jhbb jxs~ahs" shkiaelm ~ah mbgckb ~ksmh~ gj ~ah

FNMy gj akbzelm }gsbn tgzhs~u jezh uhksy hksbu, âshh

shmeglyHky~ Kyek kln Tkiei" Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek"

kln ~ah Fennbh Hky~ kln Lgs~a Kjseikfh~ gs hqihhnhn

~ah ~ksmh~ cu 3441,

Jxs~ahs tsgmshyy ey tgyyecbh kln beohbu chjgsh ~ah 34;8

~ksmh~ nk~h gj ~ah FNMy" ej nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy fkel~kel

~ah sgcxy~ msg}~a sk~hy kiaehzhn gzhs fxia gj ~ah tky~

nhiknh, Cx~ hzhl ~ahl" axlnshny gj febbegly gj thgtbh }ebb

shfkel feshn el tgzhs~u" hythiekbbu el Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseikkln Ygx~a Kyek kln }ahshzhs tggs ahkb~a kln bkio gj hnx&

ik~egl nhtsezh thgtbh gj tsgnxi~ezh hftbgufhl~? }ahsh

hlzesglfhl~kb shygxsihy akzh chhl nhtbh~hn gs ytgebhn?

kln }ahsh igssxt~egl" iglffiei~" kln feymgzhslklih }ky~h

txcbei shygxsihy kln neyigxskmh tsezk~h elzhy~fhl~,

âh fgy~ skten nhibelh el tgzhs ~u giixsshn el Hky~

Kyek kln Tkiei" }ahsh hq~shfh tgzhs~u el Iaelk jhbb j sgf

:4 thsihl~ el ;554 ~g ;9 thsihl~, El ~ah nhzhbgtelm }gsbn

gx~yenh Iaelk" ~ah tgzhs~u sk~h jhbb jsgf 9= thsihl~ ~g

38 thsihl~, Tgzhs~u shfkely }enhytshkn el Yxc&YkaksklKjseik kln Ygx~a Kyek" cx~ tsgmshyy el cg~a shmegly aky

chhl yxcy~kl~ekb, El Ygx~a Kyek ~ah tgzhs~u sk~h jhbb jsgf

8> ~g 9: thsihl~, El Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik ~ah tgzhs~u sk~h jhbb

cu >,1 thsihl~kmh tgel~y ~g bhyy ~akl 84 thsihl~ ch~}hhl

3448 kln 3441" ~ah bksmhy~ nsgt el Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik

yelih el~hslk~eglkb tgzhs~u sk~hy akzh chhl igftx~hn,

El 3441 ;,31 cebbegl thgtbh bezhn gl bhyy ~akl .;,38 k

nku, Yelih ;554 ~ah lxfchs gj thgtbh bezelm el hq~shfh

tgzhs~u aky jkbbhl el kbb shmegly hqiht~ Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik"

}ahsh tgtxbk~egl msg}~a hqihhnhn ~ah sk~h gj tgzhs~u

shnxi~egl" elishkyelm ~ah lxfchs gj hq~shfhbu tggs

thgtbh jsgf 354 febbegl el ;554 ~g 98: febbegl el 3441,

âh bksmhy~ lxfchs gj tggs thgtbh shfkel el Ygx~a Kyek"}ahsh 8=; febbegl thgtbh bezh gl bhyy ~akl .;,38 k nku"

ng}l jsgf k thko gj :>; febbegl el 3443,

Xlnhslgxseyafhl~ fhkyxshy ~ah kzkebkcebe~u gj jggn ~g

fhh~ thgtbhy ckyei hlhsmu lhhny, âh FNMy ikbb jgs ix~&

~elm ~ah tsgtgs~egl gj xlnhslgxseyahn thgtbh el akbj" cx~

jh} igxl~sehy }ebb shkia ~ak~ ~ksmh~ cu 34;8, Seyelm kmseixb&

~xskb tsgnxi~egl aky oht~ kahkn gj tgtxbk~egl msg}~a"

cx~ seyelm jggn tseihy kln ~ah nezhsyegl gj jggn isgty ~g

jxhb tsgnxi~egl akzh shzhsyhn ~ah nhibelelm sk~h gj xlnhs&

lgxseyafhl~ yelih 344>4:, âh JKG hy~efk~hy ~ak~ el

3441 ~ahsh }hsh =95 febbegl thgtbh }e~agx~ knh{xk~h

nkebu jggn el~koh,Sk~hy gj fkblx~se~egl akzh nsgtthn yxcy~kl~ekbbu yelih

;554" cx~ gzhs ;44 febbegl iaebnshl xlnhs kmh 8 shfkel

fkblgxseyahn, Glbu >4 igxl~sehy" gx~ gj 54 }e~a knh{xk~h

nk~k ~g fgle~gs ~shln" ksh gl ~skio ~g shkia ~ah FNM ~ks&

mh~, Fkblx~se~egl el iaebnshl gj~hl chmely k~ ces~a" }ahl

tggsbu lgxseyahn fg~ahsy mezh ces~a ~g xlnhs}hema~

ckcehy, Fkblgxseyahn iaebnshl nhzhbgt fgsh ybg}bu" hl~hs

yiaggb bk~hs" kln thsjgsf bhyy }hbb, Tsgmskfy ~g hligxs&

kmh cshky~jhhnelm kln eftsgzh ~ah neh~y gj fg~ahsy kln

iaebnshl ikl ahbt,

;554 ;559 ;55: ;555 3443 3448 3441

=4

:4

84

>4

9434

;4

4

Ygx~a Kyek Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik

Hky~ Kyek * Tkiejei Bk~el Kfhseik * ~ah Iksecchkl

Fennbh Hky~ * Lgs~a Kjseik Hxsgth * Ihl~skb Kyek

Tgzhs~u sk~hy k~ .;,38 k nku !(%

JEMXSH ;k Tgzhs~u sk~hy jhbb yakstbu el ~ah lh} febbhllexf

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl hy~efk~hy,

FNM

;>


33/190

JEMXSH ;c Jh}hs thgtbh bezelm el hq~shfh tgzhs~u JEMXSH ;i Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn shnxielmxlnhslgxseyafhl~

JEMXSH ;n Fklu iaebnshl shfkel fkblgxseyahn

;554 ;559 ;55: ;555 3443 3448 3441

3">44

3"444

;":44

;"344

144

>44

4

Ygx~a Kyek Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik

Hky~ Kyek * Tkiejei Bk~el Kfhseik * ~ah Iksecchkl

Fennbh Hky~ * Lgs~a Kjseik Hxsgth * Ihl~skb Kyek

Thgtbh bezelm gl .;,38 k nku gs bhyy !febbegly%

;44

=8

84

38

4

38

84

Kiaehzhn

Gl ~skio

G ~skio

Yhsegxybu g ~skio

Lg nk~k

Hky~ Kyek* Tkieji

Hxsgth* Ihl~skb

Kyek

Bk~elKfhseik *

~ah Iksecchkl

Fennbh Hky~* Lgs~aKseik

Ygx~aKyek

Yxc&YkaksklKseik

Yaksh gj igxl~sehy el shmegl fkoelm tsgmshyy !(%

84

>4

94

34

;4

4

;554 34;4

Bg}&eligfh igxl~sehy

Bg}hs&eligfh igxl~sehy

Aema&eligfh higlgfehy

Thsihl~

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl hy~efk~hy, Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl hy~efk~hy,

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Ahkb~a Gsmklepk~egl? ]gsbn Nhzhbgtfhl~ Elneik~gsy nk~kckyh,

Lg~h0 Fkblgxseyafhl~ ey ~ah fhkyxsh gj xlnhs}hema~ iaebnshl, ;8


34/190

Kiaehzh xlezhsykbtsefksu hnxik~egl

3

âh igffe~fhl~ ~g tsgzenh tsefksu hnxik~egl ~g hzhsu

iaebn ey ~ah gbnhy~ gj ~ah FNMy" akzelm chhl yh~ ng}l

k~ ~ah sy~ Hnxik~egl jgs Kbb igljhshlih el @gf~ehl" âke&

bkln" fgsh ~akl 34 uhksy kmg, âey mgkb aky chhl shkiahn

glbu el Bk~el Kfhseik kln ~ah Iksecchkl" kb~agxma Hky~

Kyek kln Tkiejei kln Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek ksh ibgyh,

Tsgmshyy kfglm ~ah tggshy~ igxl~sehy" ybg} el ~ah ;554y"

aky kiihbhsk~hn yelih 3444" tks~eixbksbu el Ygx~a Kyek klnYxc&Ykakskl Kjseik" cx~ ~ah mgkb gj jxbb hlsgbbfhl~ shfkely

hbxyezh, Kln hzhl ky igxl~sehy kttsgkia ~ah ~ksmh~" ~ah

hnxik~eglkb nhfklny gj fgnhsl higlgfehy hqtkln, El

~ah 3;y~ ihl~xsu" tsefksu hnxik~egl }ebb ch gj zkbxh glbu ky

k y~httelm y~glh ~g}ksn yhiglnksu kln aemahs hnxik~egl,

El 3445 1= thsihl~ gj iaebnshl el nhzhbgtelm igxl&

~sehy igftbh~hn tsefksu yiaggb, El fgy~ shmegly yiaggb

hlsgbbfhl~y teiohn xt kj~hs ~ah FNMy }hsh tsgfxbmk~hn

el 3444" }ahl ~ah igftbh~egl sk~h y~ggn k~ 14 thsihl~,

Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik kln Ygx~a Kyek" }aeia y~ks~hn gx~ jks&

~ahy~ chaeln" akzh igl~elxhn ~g fkoh yxcy~kl~ekb tsgm&

shyy cx~ }ebb y~ebb jkbb yags~ gj ~ah mgkb, âh Fennbh Hky~ kln

Lgs~a Kjseik aky y~kbbhn k~ igftbh~egl sk~hy gj ksgxln 54thsihl~" }aebh Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek kln Hky~ Kyek kln

JEMXSH 3k âh bky~ y~ht ~g}ksn hnxik~egl jgs kbb JEMXSH 3c Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn tsefksu hnxik~egljgs kbb

Ygx~a Kyek Yxc&Ykakskl KjseikHky~ Kyek * Tkiejei Bk~el Kfhseik * ~ah IksecchklFennbh Hky~ * Lgs~a Kjseik Hxsgth * Ihl~skb Kyek

^ksmh~ Ygx~a Kyek ^ksmh~ Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik^ksmh~ Hky~ Kyek * Tkiejei ^ksmh~ Bk~el Kfhseik * ~ah Iksecchkl^ksmh~ Fennbh Hky~ * Lgs~a Kjseik ^ksmh~ Hxsgth * Ihl~skb Kyek

;55;

Tsefksu yiaggb igftbh~egl sk~h !(%

;;4

;44

54

14

=4

:4

84;555 3448 34;4 34;8

;44

=8

84

38

4

38

84

Kiaehzhn

Gl ~skio

Gffl ~skio

Yhsegxybu gffl ~skio

Lg nk~k

Hky~ Kyek* Tkieji

Hxsgth* Ihl~skb

Kyek

Bk~elKfhseik *

~ah Iksecchkl


Ygx~aKyek

Yxc&YkaksklKseik


Tkiejei ksh }e~ael y~seoelm ney~klih cx~ akzh fknh be~~bh

tsgmshyy el ~ah bky~ zh uhksy,

Yeq~u nhzhbgtelm igxl~sehy" glh&akbj ~ah lxfchs

gj igxl~sehy jgs }aeia ~ahsh ksh knh{xk~h nk~k" akzh

kiaehzhn gs ksh gl ~skio ~g kiaehzh ~ah FNM ~ksmh~ gj k jxbb

igxsyh gj tsefksu yiaggbelm jgs kbb iaebnshl, ^}hbzh fgsh

}ebb feyy ~ah 34;8 nhknbelh" cx~ ksh fkoelm ybg} tsgmshyy,

âk~ bhkzhy k~ bhky~ >1 igxl~sehy yhsegxybu gffl ~skio" fkoelmbe~~bh gs lg tsgmshyy" 94 gj ~ahf el Yxc&Ykakskl Kjseik,

Ygxsih0 XLHYIG Ely~e~x~h gj Y~k~ey~eiy kln ]gsbn Nhzhbgtfhl~ Elneik~gsy nk~kckyh,

Ygxsih0 ]gsbn Cklo y~kffl ikbixbk~egly,

FNM

;:


35/190

9

]gfhl ksh fkoelm tsgmshyy, ^ah FNMy fgle~gs tsgmshyy

~g}ksn mhlnhs h{xe~u kln ~ah hftg}hsfhl~ gj }gfhl

kbglm ~ashh nefhlyegly0 hnxik~egl" hftbgufhl~" kln tks&

~eietk~egl el txcbei nhieyegl fkoelm, ahyh ksh eftgs~kl~"

cx~ ~ahsh ksh g~ahs nefhlyegly, Hfflgs~y ksh xlnhs}ku ~g

eftsgzh ~ah fgle~gselm gj }gfhly kiihyy ~g lkliekb

yhszeihy" hl~shtshlhxsyaet" femsk~egl kln shfe~~klihy"

kln zegbhlih kmkely~ }gfhl, efh xyh yxszhuy" jgs hqkf&tbh" ikl ng fxia ~g ebbxfelk~h nefflhshlihy el ~ah sgbhy gj

}gfhl kln fhl }e~ael ~ah agxyhagbn kln ~ah }gso&

tbkih, Neykmmshmk~egl gj g~ahs y~k~ey~eikb elneik~gsy cu yhq

ikl kbyg shzhkb tk~~hsly gj neyknzkl~kmh gs" giikyeglkbbu"

knzkl~kmh jgs }gfhl, ]ak~hzhs ~ah ikyh" }gfhl fkoh

eftgs~kl~ igl~secx~egly ~g higlgfei kln ygiekb nhzhbgt&

fhl~, Hqtklnelm gttgs~xle~ehy jgs ~ahf el ~ah txcbei kln

tsezk~h yhi~gsy ey k igsh nhzhbgtfhl~ y~sk~hmu, Kln mggn

y~k~ey~eiy ksh hyyhl~ekb jgs nhzhbgtelm tgbeiehy ~ak~ hfflhi&

~ezhbu tsgfg~h mhlnhs h{xe~u kln elishkyh ~ah }hbjksh

kln tsgnxi~eze~u gj }gfhl,

Mesby akzh fknh yxcy~kl~ekb mkely el tsefksu kln yhi&

glnksu yiaggb hlsgbbfhl~y, El fklu igxl~sehy" mesby

JEMXSH 9k Elishkyelm tks~eietk~egl cu mesby k~ kbb bhzhby gj hnxik~egl JEMXSH 9c Tsgmshyy ~g}ksn mhlnhs h{xkbe~uel tsefksu kln yhiglnksu hnxik~egl

Tsgfg~h mhlnhs h{xkbe~u klnhftg}hs }gfhl

;44

14

:4

>4

34

4

34

Kiaehzhn

Gl ~skio

G ~skio

Yhsegxybu g ~skio

Lg nk~k

Hky~ Kyek* Tkieji

Hxsgth* Ihl~skb

Kyek

Bk~elKfhseik *

~ah Iksecchkl


Ygx~aKyek

Yxc&YkaksklKseik


Hky~ Kyek* Tkieji

Tsefksu Yhiglnksu ^hs~eksu

Hxsgth* Ihl~skb

Kyek

Bk~elKfhseik *

~ah Iksecchkl


Ygx~aKyek

Yxc&YkaksklKseik

;38

;44

=8

84

38

4

Sk~eg gj mesby ~g cguy hlsgbbfhl~ sk~h" 3445 !(%

hlsgbbfhl~ sk~hy gx~lxfchs cguy" tks~eixbksbu el yhiglnksu

yiaggb, Cx~ ~ah igftkseygl gj hlsgbbfhl~ sk~hy gcyixshy

~ah xlnhsbuelm tsgcbhf gj xlnhshlsgbbfhl~, Mesby ksh y~ebb

bhyy beohbu ~g hlsgbb el tsefksu yiaggb gs ~g y~ku el yiaggb xl~eb

~ah hln gj ~ah tsefksu y~kmh, El ygfh igxl~sehy ~ah ye~xk&

~egl iaklmhy k~ ~ah yhiglnksu y~kmh, Mesby }ag igftbh~h

tsefksu yiaggb fku ch fgsh beohbu ~g y~ku el yiaggb" }aebh

cguy nsgt gx~, El Hxsgth kln Ihl~skb Kyek kln Bk~el Kfh

Documents

Global Monitoring Report