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Global Standards –
Creating an international language for carbon
Energy Solutions Expo –
7th
October 2009
Alan Yates –
Technical Director, Sustainability
Summary• Where are we now?
– BREEAM, LEED and Green Star• Global standards
– Why do we need them?– What are we doing?– What are our aims
• What are the impacts?– Markets– Designers & specifiers
What they do:
• Tools to measure the sustainability of buildings
• All have the same aim but different approaches
• Different geographical/ industry focus
BREEAM, LEED & Green Star
Objectives• Reduce
environmental impacts
of
buildings • Improve indoor conditions
for users
• Provide a credible environmental label• Allow a transparent comparison
of
buildings• Set criteria and standards over and
above
those required by legislation• Challenge the market for more
innovative
solutions• Stimulate the demand
for sustainable
buildings• Allow organisations to demonstrate their
progress towards achieving their corporate responsibility
objectives on
sustainability
BREEAM
Minimum Standards
EnergyManagementHealth & Well-beingWaterWasteLand Use & Ecology
Tradable Credits
EnergyWaterMaterialsTransportWastePollutionHealth & Well-beingManagementLand Use & Ecology
Envi
ronm
enta
l Wei
ghtin
g
Final Score
Cat
egor
y Sc
ores
Pass ≥ 30Good ≥ 45Very Good ≥ 55Excellent ≥ 70Outstanding ≥ 85
Innovation CreditsExemplary Performance RequirementsApproved Innovation Credits
BREEAM
Environmental Standards
Num
ber o
f bui
ldin
gs
Regu
lator
y min
imum
Minimal
BREEAM
Aspirational
BREEAM
Environmental Standards
Num
ber o
f bui
ldin
gs
Regu
lator
y min
imum
Minimal
BREEAM
Aspirational
Very
Goo
d
Pass
Goo
d
Exce
llent
Out
stan
ding
BREEAM
BREEAM Communities
BREEAM Buildings/Code for Sustainable Homes
Preparation
Design
Pre-construction
Construction
Demolition
Refurb.
Use
BREEAM in Use
Smart Waste
Green Print
Green Guide
Env. Profiles & Responsible SourcingCer
tific
atio
nTo
ols
Gui
danc
e
BRE Reports, Digests, Information Papers
BRE Events & Training
RIB
A W
ork
Sta
ge
AB
CD
E
F JG
H
L M NK
BES Product /Competent Person Schemes
Research
BREEAM LEED Green StarManagement ManagementHealth & Wellbeing
Indoor Environmental Quality
Indoor Environment Quality
Energy Energy & Atmosphere EnergyTransport TransportWater Water Efficiency WaterMaterials Materials & Resources MaterialsWasteLand Use & Ecology
Sustainable Sites Land Use & Ecology
Pollution Emissions
Innovation Innovation & Design Innovation
201,399 units 3,375 units 185 unitsUnits assessed to date
• BREEAM – KgCO2 /m2/yr
• LEED - $/m2/yr
• Green Star - KgCO2 /m2/yr
Metrics vary
+ Calculation methods vary
What are the issues?
• Different metrics
• Different methodologies
• Different boundaries– What is included – What is excluded
For key issues such as energy/CO2 emissions:
• To compare performance between buildings in different countries/using different rating systems
• Encourage sustainability in globally active companies to adopt sustainability targets at a corporate level across thier whole portfolio
• To work towards a common methodology for assessing performance
Why do we need global metrics?
• Co-operation between the leading rating tools
• Memorandum of Understanding between major international scheme operators
• Increasing co-operation with European Green Building Councils etc. – Sustainable Buildings Alliance
Working towards global standards
Partners
• BRE Global (BREEAM)• UK Green Building Council• US Green Building Council
(LEED)• Australian Green Building
Council (GreenStar)• DGNB• Sustainable Buildings Alliance• UNEP
Working towards global standardsScope of current project:
– To inform current methodologies
– To consider the whole lifecycle of the building: Construction/Before use, In use, End of life
– To focus on offices as a starting point,
• A common measure of calculating environmental performance accross borders (CO2 equivalent)
• Harmonise the development of comparable carbon metrics within current/new schemes
• Improve understanding of the carbon impacts of buildings and the built environment
• Inform development of National Calculation Methodologies/Standards/Regulations
• In the long term provide performance benchmarks internationally
Aims
Principles • Openness & Transparency • Open Source & Inclusivity• Modular Approach• Pragmatic• Flexible• Realistic
Carbon Reduction Hierarchy
?
70%
150%
Allowable Solutions(Off site)
Carbon Compliance(On/Near site)
Energy Efficiency(Energy demand)
Car
bon
redu
ctio
n fro
m re
gula
ted
ener
gy u
se
Scope
Product stage
Construction stage
In use stageBefore use stage After use stage
Ope
ratio
n o
f bui
ldin
g In
corp
orat
ed s
ervi
ces
Use
of o
ther
ser
vice
s in
bui
ldin
gs
Tran
spor
t
Mai
nten
ance
repa
ir A
nd re
furb
ishm
ent
Dec
onst
ruct
ion
Tran
spor
t
Dis
posa
l
Rec
yclin
g R
e U
se
Raw
mat
eria
l pro
cess
Tran
spor
t
Man
ufac
turin
g
Tran
spor
t
Con
stru
ctio
n In
stal
latio
n pr
oces
sProduct
stageConstruction
stage
In use stageBefore use stage After use stage
Ope
ratio
n o
f bui
ldin
g In
corp
orat
ed s
ervi
ces
Use
of o
ther
ser
vice
s in
bui
ldin
gs
Tran
spor
t
Mai
nten
ance
repa
ir A
nd re
furb
ishm
ent
Dec
onst
ruct
ion
Tran
spor
t
Dis
posa
l
Rec
yclin
g R
e U
se
Raw
mat
eria
l pro
cess
Tran
spor
t
Man
ufac
turin
g
Tran
spor
t
Con
stru
ctio
n In
stal
latio
n pr
oces
s
Timescales
A staged process
• First stage is to agree the overall framework based on what can be measured by all
• Presentation in Copenhagen 2009• Incorporation into existing schemes (2010?)• Subsequent stages will be incorporated as and
when they are developed
Impact on current methods/ markets
• The framework is designed to inform not replace existing methods (such as BREEAM, LEED and Green Star),
• Allow comparison between projects assessed under different schemes
• Allow environmental impacts to inform global property decisions
• Create the potential for dual certification
• Impact should be minimal as the framework is designed to be incorporated into existing schemes
• Improve the ability to use international experience/case studies
• Some additional information on material, construction, operation and deconstruction impacts will need to be recorded
Impact on designers and specifiers
BRE International Strategy• Establishing a family of BREEAM Accredited
methods worldwide with:– Local development (with BRE Auditing);– Local operation;– Local scheme ownership and governance.
• BREEAM International based schemes:– follow a common structure, scope, comparable standards
(opportunity);– incorporate evidence based criteria;– are based on local regulations, standards and practices;– take full account of local context (i.e. technologies, supply chain,
structures, practices, climate etc.);– involve third party certification.
The way forward• ‘One size does not fit all’ for whole building
assessment methods
• Comparability is a necessity to promote greater corporate responsibility – common structure, scope, method– incorporate evidence based criteria– cover as much of the life cycle as possible;
• Local markets may require different presentation of results to maximise benefit