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9/15/2011 1 Thursday Morning Review and Q&A ShuHua Wang, MD, MPH&TM Assistant Professor of Medicine The Ohio State University Laboratory Monitoring How often do you do labs for liver and renal function for active TB treatment on RIPE? What about LTBI? Active TB Disease Latent TB Infection

Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

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Page 1: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

1

Thursday Morning Review and Q&A

Shu‐Hua Wang, MD, MPH&TMAssistant Professor of Medicine

The Ohio State University

Laboratory Monitoring

• How often do you do labs for liver and renal function for active TB treatment on RIPE?  What about LTBI?

Active TB Disease Latent TB Infection

Page 2: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

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Latent TB Infection Laboratory Monitoring

• How often do you do labs for liver and renal function for active TB treatment on RIPE?  What about LTBI?

• Active TB Disease Baseline and Monthly

• LTBI• +RiskMonthly

• ‐ Risk Baseline, 2nd month, and 5th month

Active TB Disease – CXR F/U

• How often do you do CXR for active TB on TX?  If normal CXR after TX or improving CXR often?

Active TB Disease

Page 3: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

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Active TB Disease – CXR F/U

• How often do you do CXR for active TB on TX?  If normal CXR after TX or improving CXR often?

• Baseline

• 2 month

• End of treatment

Active TB Disease –How long to treat?

• Please clarify RX of TB on pt who has cavity on CT but not on xray.cavity on CT but not on xray.

• If sputum converts by 2nd month do you Rx for total of 6 or 9 months?

• If it does not convert – treat longer?

Page 4: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

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Granuloma vs Nodule?

• What’s the difference between granuloma and nodule?  Is it the size?  Or can they be interchangeable?

Nodule• lesion  (oval or round opacity) <=  3 cm, surrounded by  pulmonary parenchyma. 

• Not associated with adenopathy, infiltrate, or atelectasis

• > 3 cm = mass 

Granuloma

• Small area of inflammation in tissue due to injury, such as from an infection. 

• Doctor  “small nodule”

• Radiologist  calcified nodule

P h l i i d ll i f h• Pathologist = organized collection of macrophages

• Infections

• TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, catch scratch disease, schishtosomiasis

• Non‐infections

• Sarcoids

Granulomas• No Necrosis• Necrotizing

• Sarcoids• Tuberculosis

Page 5: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

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Active TB Disease – Lung Biopsy

• Can lung biopsy spread TB if TB is present in the lungs?

I d d !• It depends! UN

G

Containment/latency

Log

10

CFU

s /LU

Time (evolution in years)

D

Bacilli Alveolar Macrophage Lymphocyte

Slide courtesy of Dr Jordi Torrelles

UN

G

DISEASE

Log

10

CFU

s /LU

Time (evolution in years)

D

Bacilli Foamy Giant CellAlveolar Macrophage Lymphocyte

Slide courtesy of Dr Jordi Torrelles

Targeted TB Testing ­

• Is it recommended to do target testing in detox setting?

Page 6: Global TB Center - Laboratory Monitoring Thursday Morning ...globaltb.njms.rutgers.edu/downloads/courses/2011...• Infections • TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,

9/15/2011

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Laboratory – CD4 count?

• Besides HIV‐What else would give a patient a low CD4 count?

Ch i h l W C• Changes in the total WBC

• Certain medications 

• Infections

• Pregnancy

Generation of a protective immune response

• CD4 cells are made in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland (part of the lymph or infection‐fighting system. )

• CD4 cells  Body Identify and destroy germs such as bacteria and viruses. 

• Antigen presenting Cells (APC)  migrate to lymph node, degrade proteins from M. tuberculosis and present them to T cells