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9/15/2011
1
Thursday Morning Review and Q&A
Shu‐Hua Wang, MD, MPH&TMAssistant Professor of Medicine
The Ohio State University
Laboratory Monitoring
• How often do you do labs for liver and renal function for active TB treatment on RIPE? What about LTBI?
Active TB Disease Latent TB Infection
9/15/2011
2
Latent TB Infection Laboratory Monitoring
• How often do you do labs for liver and renal function for active TB treatment on RIPE? What about LTBI?
• Active TB Disease Baseline and Monthly
• LTBI• +RiskMonthly
• ‐ Risk Baseline, 2nd month, and 5th month
Active TB Disease – CXR F/U
• How often do you do CXR for active TB on TX? If normal CXR after TX or improving CXR often?
Active TB Disease
9/15/2011
3
Active TB Disease – CXR F/U
• How often do you do CXR for active TB on TX? If normal CXR after TX or improving CXR often?
• Baseline
• 2 month
• End of treatment
Active TB Disease –How long to treat?
• Please clarify RX of TB on pt who has cavity on CT but not on xray.cavity on CT but not on xray.
• If sputum converts by 2nd month do you Rx for total of 6 or 9 months?
• If it does not convert – treat longer?
9/15/2011
4
Granuloma vs Nodule?
• What’s the difference between granuloma and nodule? Is it the size? Or can they be interchangeable?
Nodule• lesion (oval or round opacity) <= 3 cm, surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma.
• Not associated with adenopathy, infiltrate, or atelectasis
• > 3 cm = mass
Granuloma
• Small area of inflammation in tissue due to injury, such as from an infection.
• Doctor “small nodule”
• Radiologist calcified nodule
P h l i i d ll i f h• Pathologist = organized collection of macrophages
• Infections
• TB, leprosy, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, catch scratch disease, schishtosomiasis
• Non‐infections
• Sarcoids
Granulomas• No Necrosis• Necrotizing
• Sarcoids• Tuberculosis
9/15/2011
5
Active TB Disease – Lung Biopsy
• Can lung biopsy spread TB if TB is present in the lungs?
I d d !• It depends! UN
G
Containment/latency
Log
10
CFU
s /LU
Time (evolution in years)
D
Bacilli Alveolar Macrophage Lymphocyte
Slide courtesy of Dr Jordi Torrelles
UN
G
DISEASE
Log
10
CFU
s /LU
Time (evolution in years)
D
Bacilli Foamy Giant CellAlveolar Macrophage Lymphocyte
Slide courtesy of Dr Jordi Torrelles
Targeted TB Testing
• Is it recommended to do target testing in detox setting?
9/15/2011
6
Laboratory – CD4 count?
• Besides HIV‐What else would give a patient a low CD4 count?
Ch i h l W C• Changes in the total WBC
• Certain medications
• Infections
• Pregnancy
Generation of a protective immune response
• CD4 cells are made in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland (part of the lymph or infection‐fighting system. )
• CD4 cells Body Identify and destroy germs such as bacteria and viruses.
• Antigen presenting Cells (APC) migrate to lymph node, degrade proteins from M. tuberculosis and present them to T cells