Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
GLOBAL WARMING SOLUTIONS ACT
IMPLEMENTATION:
STATIONARY EQUIPMENT STATIONARY EQUIPMENT
REFRIGERATION MANAGEMENT
December 18, 2012
Presentation Overview
• Background: Policy and Process (Sharon Weber)
• Background: Climate Change and Refrigerants (Will Space)(Will Space)
• EPA and California Regulations (Will Space)
• Discussion (All)
We are here to learn from you about how we can best
reduce emissions of refrigerants in Massachusetts
2
Background: GWSA
• Massachusetts Global Warming Solutions Act (GWSA) of 2008 required an economy-wide program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions:– 80% below 1990 levels by 2050; and
– 10% - 25% below 1990 levels by 2020– 10% - 25% below 1990 levels by 2020
• 25% by 2020 target was selected in 2010
• Statewide emissions inventory shows refrigerants to be about 3% of GHG emissions from MA (adjusted for the potency of different GHGs, and not including ozone depleting substances)
3
Background: GWSA Implementation
• Massachusetts Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2020 (CECP) was issued in 2010 by the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, as required by GWSA
• CECP contains a portfolio of policies, including • CECP contains a portfolio of policies, including “Stationary Equipment Refrigeration Management”
• GWSA requires MassDEP to adopt regulations to reduce GHG emissions
4
Background: CECP Refrigerant Policy
• This policy aims to minimize emissions of high Global Warming Potential refrigerants used in stationary non-residential equipment through:
– facility registration, leak detection and monitoring, leak repair, system retrofit and retirement, required service practices, and recordkeeping and reporting; andpractices, and recordkeeping and reporting; and
– eventual replacement of non-residential refrigeration equipment at the end of its life by equipment using no-GWP or lower GWP substances, where such alternatives are available and practicable.
• The policy would affect facilities with refrigeration units containing at least 50 pounds of refrigerant. . .
5
Background: CECP Refrigerant Policy
• CECP identified three categories of costs: technology (equipment), O&M, and recordkeeping
• Facilities would save on avoided refrigerant costs
• Facilities would save on avoided refrigerant costs
• CECP estimated net statewide direct economic benefits of $1.6 million (averaged across about 2,000 facilities)
6
Stakeholder Outreach (2012)
• MassDEP contacted trade associations and met or spoke with:
– Associated Industries of MA
– MA Food Association– MA Food Association
– MA Restaurant Association
– New England Convenience Store Association
– Retailers Association of MA
– Other technical expects
• Mailed invitations to this meeting to more than 2500 facilities in MA
7
Background: Climate Science
• GHGs trap heat and keep earth warm.
• GHGs include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases (including many refrigerants).
• Adding GHGs increases Earth’s temperature (on average), and:and:– Changes weather and precipitation patterns
– Causes sea level rise (due to ice melt and thermal expansion)
• This is a separate problem from destruction of the ozone layer (but is caused by some of the same gases)
8
Background: Climate Science
9
Source:
UCS 2007
Background: Refrigerants
• Most refrigeration systems contain greenhouse gases (GHGs) that leak over time and contribute to climate change.
• These GHGs include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). CFCs and HCFCs also destroy the ozone layer and are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
• As GHGs, these gases are thousands of times more potent than carbon dioxide, pound-for-pound.
10
Background: Refrigerants
11Source: California Air Resources Board
Grocery Store Survey (2011)
• MassDEP surveyed grocery stores. Four chains
responded. Data from four chains show:
– All stores have systems with capacity over 50
pounds; most have systems over 1,000 poundspounds; most have systems over 1,000 pounds
– Average annual leak quantities per store are 200 –
500 pounds, or 5 – 20% of system capacity
– Average annual costs of replacement refrigerant
are $2,000 - $4,000 per store
– Refrigerants include R-22 (an HCFC), and R-507 and
R-404A (HFCs)12
Background: Regulations
• MassDEP (310 CMR 7.71): Requires reporting HFC emissions from large stationary facilities (e.g., power plants, hospitals, manufacturers, etc.)
• US EPA (40 CFR Part 98): Requires reporting by HFC manufacturers, importers, and exporters
• US EPA (40 CFR Part 82): Addresses emissions of ozone-depleting substances
• CA Air Resources Board (17 CCR Sections 95380 to 95398)
13
EPA’s CFC/HCFC Regulations
• EPA regulations address ozone-depleting gases that are being phased out (CFCs and HCFCs), but generally do not address other high-GWP gases (HFCs)
• EPA regulations include leak repair, • EPA regulations include leak repair, recordkeeping, and service practice requirements
• EPA regulations generally do not include requirements for facilities (e.g., no registration, reporting, inspection requirements, etc.)
14
California’s Regulation
• CECP references California’s regulation as a potential model for MA (Management of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerant for Stationary Sources)
• A primary purpose of this meeting is to • A primary purpose of this meeting is to consider how this could work
• The following slides describe CA’s regulation in detail, to support this discussion
15
CA’s Regulation: Covered Refrigerants
• Covered refrigerants are referred to as “high-GWP” refrigerants
– GWP, or “global warming potential” is a measure of the potency of greenhouse gases
High-GWP refrigerants include:• High-GWP refrigerants include:
– Any ozone depleting substance covered by federal regulations
– Any CFC, HCFC, HFC, PFC, or other compound with a GWP above 150
– But not ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc.
16
CA’s Regulation: Facility Categories
• Requirements based on the refrigerant capacity
of the largest refrigeration system in the facility
(at full charge)
– Large: 2000 lbs. and larger– Large: 2000 lbs. and larger
– Medium: 200 - 2000 lbs.
– Small: 50 - 200 lbs.
• Air conditioning systems not covered
17
CA’s Regulation: All Regulated Facilities
• Registration
– Staggered multi-year implementation (largest 1st)
– Includes facility and system information
• Leak Repair• Leak Repair
– Leaks must be repaired within 14 days of detection (with some exceptions)
– Facilities must use technicians that are EPA certified, and are state licensed contractors (with some exceptions)
• Records must be retained on site for five years
18
CA: Large and Medium Facilities
• Leak Detection and Monitoring
– Large systems within a building: automatic leak
detection required (after initial monthly inspection
requirement)requirement)
– Other systems: inspection every three months
(unless automatic leak detection installed)
• Annual Reporting
– Includes repair and purchase information, etc.
– Staggered multi-year implementation (large 1st)
19
CA’s Regulation: Small Facilities
• Leak Detection and Monitoring
– Inspection required annually (unless automatic leak
detection installed)
• Same leak repair requirements as other • Same leak repair requirements as other
facilities
• No annual reporting requirement (after
registration)
20
CA’s Regulation: Retrofit or Retirement
• If leak not repaired, then retrofit or retirement required within 6 months
– Retirement requires permanently removing the refrigeration system or component from use
– Retrofitting requires replacing the refrigerant with an – Retrofitting requires replacing the refrigerant with an acceptable alternative
• Exemptions may be requested for economic hardship or natural disasters, or if allowing the leak to continue would result in lower emissions than would replacing the system
21
CA’s Reg: Other Regulated Parties
• Reclaimers and technicians must be EPA-certified
• Requirements for persons performing installation, service, or disposal that could release refrigerant (e.g., refrigerant recovery, cylinder evacuation, etc.)
• High-GWP refrigerants can only be sold to a • High-GWP refrigerants can only be sold to a certified technician or reclaimer, or manufacturer
• Wholesalers, distributors, and reclaimers must submit an annual report with quantities
• Other prohibitions (e.g., equipment standards)
• Applies to all A/C and refrigeration (not just systems at regulated facilities)
22
Discussion Questions
• Is the CA regulatory structure appropriate as
a starting point for MA?
• Are any parts of the CA regulatory structure
inappropriate for MA?inappropriate for MA?
• When should regulations take effect
(including leak detection, registration and
reporting, etc.)?
23
For Additional Information
• MassDEP program web page:
http://www.mass.gov/air/climate/refrige.htm
• CA program web page:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/reftrack/reftrack.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/reftrack/reftrack.htm
• EPA Green Chill web page:
http://www.epa.gov/greenchill/
• EPA Ozone Layer Protection Web Site:
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/index.html
24
GLOBAL WARMING SOLUTIONS ACT
IMPLEMENTATION:
STATIONARY EQUIPMENT STATIONARY EQUIPMENT
REFRIGERATION MANAGEMENT
Comments by January 11 to:
List of Greenhouse Gases
• CO2 - carbon dioxide
• CH4 - methane
• N2O - nitrous oxide
• SF6 - sulfur hexafluoride
• CFCs - chlorofluorocarbons
• HCFCs - hydrofluorochlorocarbons• HCFCs - hydrofluorochlorocarbons
• PFCs - perfluorocarbons
• HFCs - hydrofluorocarbons
• NF3 - nitrogen trifluoride
• HFEs - fluorinated ethers
• PFPE - perfluoropolyethers
• ODS - ozone depleting substance
26
