Globalization, Global Globalization, Global Governance and Governance and

European ExperienceEuropean ExperienceHungdah SuHungdah Su

OutlinesOutlines

I.I. Keep ConceptsKeep ConceptsII.II. DevelopmentDevelopmentIII.III. Today’s WorldToday’s WorldIV.IV. EU ExperienceEU ExperienceV.V. ConclusionConclusion

I. Keep ConceptsI. Keep Concepts

GlobalizationGlobalization GroupingGrouping RegionalizationRegionalization Global GovernanceGlobal Governance

Less or No FrontiersLess or No Frontiers

FrontiersFrontiers

MarketMarketPolitical EntityPolitical EntityCultural IdentityCultural Identity

MARKETMARKET

GOODSGOODS PEOPLEPEOPLE CAPITALCAPITAL SERVICESERVICE INFORMATIONINFORMATION

POLITICAL ENTITYPOLITICAL ENTITY

SOVEREIGNTYSOVEREIGNTY

LAWLAW

CULTURAL IDENTITYCULTURAL IDENTITY

LANGUAGELANGUAGERELIGIONRELIGIONETHNICETHNICBLOODBLOODETC.ETC.

MEDIAMEDIA

All traffic tools (ships, trains, All traffic tools (ships, trains, planes, etc.)planes, etc.)

Telegraphs, Telephones, Telex, Telegraphs, Telephones, Telex, Fax.Fax.

Electronic toolsElectronic tools

GLOBALIZAGLOBALIZATIONTION

GROUPINGSGROUPINGS REGIONALIZREGIONALIZ

ATIONATION

GLOBAL GLOBAL GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE

REGIONAL REGIONAL GOVERNANCEGOVERNANCE

II. DevelopmentsII. Developments

Grouping periodsGrouping periods- 1600-19451600-1945- 1945-19901945-1990

GroupingsGroupings

Pre-modern colonial imperialism: Pre-modern colonial imperialism: Portugal, SpainPortugal, Spain

Modern colonial imperialism: Modern colonial imperialism: Netherlands, Britain, FranceNetherlands, Britain, France

Latecomers: US, Germany, JapanLatecomers: US, Germany, Japan

After WWIIAfter WWII

US-led West (Western Europe, Eastern AUS-led West (Western Europe, Eastern Asia, Australia, New Zealand, etc.)sia, Australia, New Zealand, etc.)

USSR-led East (Eastern Europe, Cuba, ViUSSR-led East (Eastern Europe, Cuba, Vietname, North Korea, PRC* etc.)etname, North Korea, PRC* etc.)

Third World (India, Latin America, South Third World (India, Latin America, South Eastern Asian Countries, China*, etc.)Eastern Asian Countries, China*, etc.)

US-led Western GroupingUS-led Western Grouping

Three blocs: Three blocs: North America (US), North America (US), Western Europe (France, Germany)Western Europe (France, Germany)Eastern Asia (Japan)Eastern Asia (Japan) Governance tools: Governance tools: IMF - World Bank, GATT, G8IMF - World Bank, GATT, G8

Globalization periodsGlobalization periods

Victory and expansion of the Western Victory and expansion of the Western blocbloc

Collapse of two other blocsCollapse of two other blocs

- Third World (China, India, Brazil, Third World (China, India, Brazil, Indonesia, etc.)Indonesia, etc.)

- Communist blocCommunist bloc

RegionalizationRegionalization

EEC – EC – EUEEC – EC – EU NAFTANAFTA APEC – ASEANAPEC – ASEAN

Arab worldArab world African UnionAfrican Union South Eastern South Eastern

MarketMarket

CISCIS MercosurMercosur East Asian SummiEast Asian Summi

tt

III. Today’s WorldIII. Today’s World

A Global Common MarketA Global Common Market

- Information- Information- GoodsGoods- ServiceService- CapitalCapital- PersonsPersons

Global GovernanceGlobal Governance

Pax AmericanaPax Americana NATONATO UNUN G7+1G7+1 WTOWTO IMFIMF OECDOECD

IV. EU ExperienceIV. EU Experience

1. European Union, 20061. European Union, 2006

EU 25 USA Japan China TaiwanArea Space 3,872

th. Km9,159

th. Km377

Th km9,327

th. Km36

th. kmPopulation 453.7

million290.3

million127

million1.28

billion23

millionDensity 117.5

h/km228.1

h/km2333.3 h/km2

128.9 h/km2

640 h/km2

GDP/p.c. 22300 33600 24800 3900 13000GDP 9900 bn 9,740 bn 3,359 bn 1,400 bn 269 bn

Unemploy. R 8.30% 4.80% 5% 5%* 4%Exports % 19+ 16 9 9+Imports % 18+ 21 6 8+

* Only the unemployment rate in towns and cities.Main Source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/publications/booklets/eu_glance/14/txt_en.pdf;

2. EU as a Power2. EU as a Power

--

The Votes (25 /+1)The Votes (25 /+1)- The Market / Trade- The Market / Trade- The Global Governance- The Global Governance- The Cultural Influence- The Cultural Influence- The Alternative to the US- The Alternative to the US- The Alternative to the nation- The Alternative to the nationalismalism

項目 金額歲入 106,300百萬歐元歲出 106,300百萬歐元

歲出項 金額 較二○○四年 百分比農業及農業地區 49,115百萬歐元 +11.6% 42.6%

結構調整 32,396百萬歐元 -6.2% 36.4%

內部政策 7,923百萬歐元 +5.5% 7.8%

對外行動 5,476百萬歐元 +11% 4.5%

行政費用 6,351百萬歐元 +3.7% 5.4%

東擴前準備 3,287百萬歐元 +15.1% 1.8%

其它 1,305百萬歐元 -7.4% 0.73%

歲出合計 106,300百萬歐元 100%

歐盟廿五國二○○五年預算歐盟廿五國二○○五年預算

（約（約 4.14.1兆台幣）兆台幣）

3. EU Governance3. EU Governance

LegalizationLegalization ConstitutionalizationConstitutionalization GeneralizationGeneralization Pan-Europeanization/GlobalizatioPan-Europeanization/Globalizatio

nn CodificationCodification

4. EU Mechanism4. EU Mechanism

1. A General Picture1. A General Picture- Three PillarsThree Pillars

i.i. CommunityCommunity

ii.ii. CSFPCSFP

iii.iii. JHAJHA

- General Division of Work- General Division of Work

Commission + Council: Managerial Commission + Council: Managerial Commission + Council + EP: Commission + Council + EP:

Legislative + AdministrativeLegislative + Administrative European Court of Justice: JudicialEuropean Court of Justice: Judicial European Council: GuidelineEuropean Council: Guideline

2. Three D-M Processes2. Three D-M Processes

1.1. ConsultationConsultation

2. Assent2. Assent

3. Co-decision3. Co-decision

3. Institutions and Agencies3. Institutions and Agencies

1. EP1. EP

- Co-legislation- Co-legislation

- Democratic Supervision- Democratic Supervision

- Budgetary Control- Budgetary Control

- Voice of people- Voice of people

Member Seats Member Seats Member Seats

Belgium 24 Italy 77 Poland 53

Czech 24 Cyprus 6 Portugal 24

Denmark 14 Latvia 9 Slovenia 7

Germany 99 Lithuania 13 Slovakia 14

Estonia 6 Luxembourg 6 Finland 14

Greece 24 Hungary 24 Sweden 19

Spain 54 Malta 5 U.K. 78

France 78 Netherlands 27

Ireland 13 Austria 18 Total 730

Members of European Parliament, 2004-09 (by country)Members of European Parliament, 2004-09 (by country)

Political Parties Seats

Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats

266

Socialist Group in the European Parliament 201

Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 89

Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance 42

Confederal Group of the European United Left - Nordic Green Left 41

Independence/Democracy Group 35

Union for Europe of the Nations Group 27

Non-attached Members 29

Total 730

Members of European Parliament, 2004-09 (by Political Groups)Members of European Parliament, 2004-09 (by Political Groups)

2. The Council2. The CouncilMember States QMV Member States QMV Member States QMV

Germany 29 Portugal 12 Luxembourg 4UK 29 Czech 12 Lithuania 7

France 29 Hungary 12 Latvia 4Italy 29 Sweden 10 Slovenia 4

Spain 27 Austria 10 Estonia 4Poland 27 Denmark 7 Cyprus 4

Netherlands 13 Finland 7 Malta 3

Greece 12 Ireland 7 Total 321

Belgium 12 Slovakia 7 Minimum 232

i.Roles:i.Roles:- Co-/LegislatorCo-/Legislator- CoordinatorCoordinator- Concluding the International AgreemConcluding the International Agreem

entsents- Approving the EU BudgetApproving the EU Budget- CFSPCFSP- JHAJHA

ii.Nine Configurations of Councilii.Nine Configurations of Council 1)General Affairs and External Relations1)General Affairs and External Relations 2)Economic and Financial Affairs (‘Ecofin’)2)Economic and Financial Affairs (‘Ecofin’) 3)Justice and Home Affairs3)Justice and Home Affairs 4)Employment, Social Policy, Health and Cons4)Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairsumer Affairs 5)Competitiveness (Internal Market, Industry an5)Competitiveness (Internal Market, Industry and Research)d Research) 6)Transport, Telecommunications and Energy6)Transport, Telecommunications and Energy 7)Agriculture and Fisheries7)Agriculture and Fisheries 8)Environment8)Environment 9)Education, Youth and Culture9)Education, Youth and Culture

iii. COREPER I & IIiii. COREPER I & II

iv. Presidencyiv. Presidency

3. The European Commission3. The European Commission

i. The Compositioni. The Composition- MembersMembers- PresidentPresident- ii. Rolesii. Roles- To proposeTo propose- To manage and implement the policiesTo manage and implement the policies- To enforce the EC LawTo enforce the EC Law- To represent the EU with the mandate from the To represent the EU with the mandate from the

CouncilCouncil

4. The European Court of Justice4. The European Court of Justice

i. The Compositioni. The Composition- The Court- The Court- The Tribunal of First Instance- The Tribunal of First Instanceii. The Rolesii. The Roles- Preliminary rulings- Preliminary rulings- Proceedings for failure to fulfill an - Proceedings for failure to fulfill an

obligation or to act and for annulmentobligation or to act and for annulment- Opinions- Opinions

5. European Council5. European Councili. The Compositioni. The Composition-- The heads of state or governmentThe heads of state or government- - ConsensusConsensusii. The rolesii. The roles- Guidelines- Guidelines- CFSP- CFSPiii. Different councilsiii. Different councils- Council of the EU- Council of the EU- Council of Europe- Council of Europe

6. Other Institutions6. Other Institutions

i. European Court of Auditor:i. European Court of Auditor:-- To check all the spending in the EUTo check all the spending in the EUii. European Central Bank: ii. European Central Bank: - To manage the EuroTo manage the Euro- The Executive BoardThe Executive Board- The Governing CouncilThe Governing Council- The General CouncilThe General Council- The EurogroupThe Eurogroupiii. European Investment Bankiii. European Investment Bank- Financing EU ProjectsFinancing EU Projects* Three Transnational Banks in Europe: ECB in Frankfurt, E* Three Transnational Banks in Europe: ECB in Frankfurt, E

IB in Luxembourg and EBRD in London.IB in Luxembourg and EBRD in London.

7. Two important committees7. Two important committees

i. European Economic and Social i. European Economic and Social CommitteeCommittee

- Tripartite proportionate compositionTripartite proportionate composition- Bridge between the EU and civil societyBridge between the EU and civil society

ii. Committee of Regionsii. Committee of Regions- CompositionComposition- RolesRoles

8. European Ombudsman8. European Ombudsman

i. Elected by the EPi. Elected by the EP

ii. To guarantee good administration in the ii. To guarantee good administration in the EUEU

9. Nineteen Agencies9. Nineteen Agencies

- Role of agencies- Role of agencies

- 2 for CFSP; 2 for JHA; 15 for Community- 2 for CFSP; 2 for JHA; 15 for Community

台灣留學簽證統計台灣留學簽證統計1988-20041988-2004 20042004

USUS 210,422210,422 14,05414,054

JapanJapan 30,12230,122 1,5561,556

EuropeEurope 105,782105,782 10,89310,893

UKUK 85,68185,681 9,2079,207

FranceFrance 9,7079,707 580580

GermanyGermany 6,5506,550 402402

VI. ConclusionVI. Conclusion

THANKTHANKYOU!YOU!

蘇宏達蘇宏達

中央研究院歐美研究所副研究員兼歐盟研究計畫召集人歐洲莫內基金會理事

法國巴黎第四大學國際關係史博士法國巴黎第一大學歐洲共同體法碩士

政治大學外交研究所碩士台灣大學外國語文學系學士

比利時魯汶大學訪問學者英國倫敦政經學院研究學者

法國舒曼基金會歐洲研究奬歐洲莫內基金會銅質獎章

近著：留學法國，放眼歐洲

Jean Monnet face à la politique du Général de Gaulle« Can Constitution-Building Advance European Integration? », Journal of

Euorpean Integration, 26(4), December 2004, p. 353.