Glossary-Index...glossary - index — 460 — Bigeng shuo. See “On My Farming with the Brush” Biji 碧雞 Pass, 139, 177, 237, 308, 357, 367, 429n37 Binchuan 賓川, 211, 225,

Admonitions of the Instructress to the Court Ladies, 246

All Connections Ferry (Baijie du 百接渡), 211, 225, 418n127

Amitābha Buddha, 325An Xifan 安希范 (1564–1621), 81, 82, 84Analects (Lunyu 論語), 166, 299Ānanda, 222Ancient Buddhist Monastery of the Brahman

(figs. 5.8, 5.15, 5.23; Diannan album leaf 8; Huang Xiangjian), 259, 286, 289; and Bud-dhism, 327–28; figures in, 276, 300–301, 340; inscription on, 273–74, 284

“Ancient Cave of Ziyang” (Ziyang gudong 紫陽古洞; famous view), 319

Ancient Na-Khi Kingdom of Southwest China (Rock), 13

Ancient Sites of Sutai [Suzhou] (Sutai guji 蘇臺古蹟; album; Chen Guan), 74, 398n51

animals, 32, 121, 296, 404nn30–31; elephants, 105, 106, 160, 182, 183, 185, 186, 351, 353, 372, 427n17, 427n23; tigers, 1, 98, 118, 153, 183, 297, 345, 346, 347, 349, 350, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378, 426n10

“An Overview of the Essentials” (Yao lüe 要略; Huainanzi), 235

architecture, 3, 33, 91, 92, 176, 402n119, 418n127; Buddhist, 323; in Fuyuan Monastery album, 86–88; in Mount Jizu, 219, 247, 249, 252; in Suzhou, 5, 64. See also monasteries

Aśoka, Emperor, 221Assignments at the Studio of the True Reality

(Zhenshizhai changke ji; Feng Mengzhen), 300

Aurora-Soaked Peak (Yixia feng 挹霞嶺), 211, 225, 418n129

autobiography. See biography

Backus, Charles, 12Baikoupo 白口坡, 105–6, 183, 353Baikoupo 白口坡 (figs. 2.6, 3.6; album leaf;

Huang Xiangjian), 106, 110, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186, 189

Bailudong Shuyuan. See White Deer Grotto Academy

Baishui 白水 Post Station, 177, 352, 369Baiyanjing 白鹽井 (Yunnan), 99, 100, 354,

359, 365Bamboo Monastery (Zhuyuan 竹院; paint-

ing; Zhao Zuo), 79Bao Yikun 鮑一鯤, 362Baoen Monastery, 59Baolin [Monastery] Record (Baolin zhuan 寶林傳), 222

Baoqing 寳慶, 183, 347, 369, 378, 431n60, 432n66

bathing, 330, 332Bazhen faming. See Treatise on the Eight

StrategiesBentley, Tamara, 200Berry, Thomas, 333Bian Wenyu, 398n51, 399n70Bian Mountains (painting; Wang Meng),

258, 397n37biehao 別號 (chosen name) paintings, 258.

See also haoBifaji. See Notes on Brush Methodsbigeng. See “farming with the brush”

Glossary-Index

Kindall Final Pages.indd 459 4/1/16 7:22 PM

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— 460 —

Bigeng shuo. See “On My Farming with the Brush”

Biji 碧雞 Pass, 139, 177, 237, 308, 357, 367, 429n37

Binchuan 賓川, 211, 225, 363, 418n129biography, 166, 315; spiritual, 2, 15, 334,

335–36, 338–40; as travel account, 233–34“Biography of Filial Son Huang” (Gui

Zhuang), 19, 151, 154, 163, 195Birthday of the Sun festival, 293–94blue-and-green (qinglü 青綠) palette, 413n4,

420nn18–20; in Diannan album, 287, 288, 312; and Ming loyalism, 290; in Mount Jizu, 209–10, 212, 220, 228, 247, 254; in Suzhou tradition, 34, 42, 88, 178

Bo Yanhui 薄彥徽 (jinshi 1496), 319Bodhidharma, 223Book of Changes (Yijing 易經), 100, 200, 224,

234–35, 237, 333, 360, 431n59Book of Documents (Shujing 書經), 228, 330Book of Odes (Shijing 詩經), 397n33Book of Rites (Liji 禮記), 174, 330Brief Comment on Zhuowu (Zhuowu lunlüe 卓吾論略; Li Zhi), 338

Brook, Timothy, 150Brushwood Market (Chai shi 柴市), 211, 225,

418n127Buddha Śākyamuni, 221, 222, 223, 324,

415n43, 423n28Buddhism, 7, 330, 335; and Dawn on Lotus

Peak, 324, 325, 327; and Diannan album, 258; and elites, 78–79, 300, 302; and eremitism, 290; and filial campaign, 199; and fund-raising, 82, 92; and grand view, 232; of Huang Kongzhao, 100, 246, 323–28, 340; Huayan, 325; landscape, 325–26; meditation in, 297; and Ming loyalists, 154; and mountains, 398n47, 415n37; in Mount Jizu, 203, 221–22, 223, 248–49, 251; Pure Land, 254, 324, 325; Tiantai, 325; and visualization, 243, 244–45. See also Chan Buddhism

Bush, Susan, 7, 11, 326

Cahill, James, 2–3, 6, 121Cai Shaoke 蔡紹科 (late 15th–early 16th c.),

306

calligraphy, 26, 74, 79, 84, 92; forged, 75, 76Cangxue 蒼雪 (1588–1656), 156, 199Cao Cao 曹操 (155–220), 231, 405n41, 411n91Cao Xueqin, 416n87Catalpa Village (Zi cun 梓邨), 211, 418n127Ceremonies and Rites (Yili 儀禮), 330Chaffee, John W., 298Chan Buddhism, 78, 254, 323–28, 340; and

Confucianism, 244–45, 323–24; Yangming, 323, 326

Changshu 常熟, 19, 168Chang 長 Bridge, 26Chaves, Jonathan, 408n14Chen Chen 陳忱 (ca. 1614–66), 151, 292, 293Chen Ding 陳鼎 (b. ca. 1650), 403n17Chen Guan 陳祼 (act. ca. 1604–40), 74,

398n51Chen Hongshou 陳洪綬 (1599–1652), 158Chen Jiamou 陳嘉謀 (1520–1603), 335Chen Jiru 陳繼儒 (1558–1639), 75, 79, 200,

288, 338Chen Ruyan 陳汝言 (ca. 1331–71), 210, 399n63Chen Si 陳思, 25, 34, 396n28, 397n41Chen Yuanyuan 陳圓圓 (Xi Shi 西施), 158Chen Zhenqi 陳振奇, 357Chen Zilong 陳子龍 (1608–47), 338Cheng Mingdao 程明道 (Cheng Hao 程顥

1032–85), 336Chenggong 呈貢 (Yunnan), 157, 368chengren 成人 (becoming a person), 332Chengying 澄影, Master, 361China, People’s Republic of (PRC), 58Chongsheng 崇聖 Monastery, 252, 253Chongsheng Monastery pagodas (fig. 4.24),

253, 304Chongyang 重陽 (Double Ninth Day), 256Chronicle of Emperor Mu (Mu Tianzi zhuan 穆天子傳), 229

Chu 楚 City, 99, 358, 362Cihang 慈航, 380Clapp, Anne de Coursey, 12, 24, 258, 320Classic of Filial Piety (Xiao jing 孝經), 155,

166, 169Cleanse the Heart Bridge (Xixin qiao 洗心

橋), 212, 214, 220, 225, 253, 254, 418n127Cloudy Mountain and Wooded Ravine

(painting; Lu Zhi), 244


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Club of Startled and Secretive Poets (Jingyin shishe 驚隱詩社), 151

Clunas, Craig, 398n48colophons, 7, 185; on filial piety, 167–72, 192,

196; on honorific paintings, 26, 30, 36, 89; on Huang’s paintings, 120, 165, 166; on southwest, 196. See also inscriptions

commemorative painting, 24commerce: and famous-sites paintings,

74–77, 89; and reputation, 200; in Suzhou, 18–19, 91

composition, 131–47, 187–89; in Diannan album, 268–69, 275–78, 277–78, 280, 281, 282, 284, 312, 337; and inscriptions, 189, 268–69, 274–75; in Mount Jizu, 247

Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Great Ming (Da Ming yitong zhi 大明一統志), 213, 221

Comprehensive Guizhou Gazetteer of the Wanli Reign (Wanli Guizhou tongzhi 萬歷

貴州通志), 319, 320Confucianism: on bathing, 330; behavior

models for, 163–64; and Chan Buddhism, 244–45, 323–24; and Diannan album, 258, 297–98; and eremitism, 290; and filial campaign, 161–62, 199; and filial piety, 166–67, 198; and grand view, 239; and heroism, 184; and Mount Jizu, 203, 247, 248–49; and quiet-sitting, 324; and sage-hood, 332, 333, 334, 335; in Suzhou, 19

Confucius (trad. dates 551 BCE–479 BCE), 231, 232, 296, 299, 330

Conze, Edward, 243“Cover [with] a Rain Hat [to Attain] Infinite

Merit” (Fu li yu gong 覆笠餘功; Shen Shixing), 79

Cui Yanfu 崔彦輔 (act. 1340s), 55cultural memory, 37, 38, 398n46Cultural Revolution, 58

Da Dai Li ji 大戴禮記, 169daguan. See grand viewDai Xian 戴銑 (jinshi 1496), 319Dali, 237, 261, 303, 306Dalong 大龍, 348Dalongshui 大瀧水, 180Da Ming yitong zhi. See Comprehensive

Gazetteer of the Great Ming

Dan dao hui. See Lone Swordsman, Thedao 道 (way, road), 299, 335Daoism, 122, 244, 335, 398n47, 415n63; on

bathing, 330; and grand view, 231–32; med-itation in, 297; in Mount Jizu, 249, 251

Dawn on Lotus Peak (figs. 5.6, 5.19, 5.20, 6.1; Diannan album leaf 6; Huang Xiangjian), 259, 292, 293, 295; and Buddhism, 324–27; composition of, 276, 284; figures in, 276, 289; inscription on, 269–70, 273, 276, 279; and Wang Yangming, 320, 321–22

Dayao 大姚 (Yunnan), 95, 99, 198, 325, 344, 350, 354, 355, 359

de Bary, William Theodore, 315, 334Deng Huoqu 鄧豁渠 (1498–1570?), 212, 234,

335, 423n8Deng Linchu 鄧林楚, 377Deng Yizan 鄧以贊 (1542–99), 335Dengwei 鄧尉, 38, 57–58, 78; in Thousand

Mountains (fig. 1.43), 64, 73, 78, 219, 286Departing at Daybreak at Jinchang (Jinchang

xiaofa tu 金閶曉發圖; figs. 1.3, 1.9; album leaf; Chen Si), 25, 26, 32, 34, 35

Descending Zhuge Mountain Range (figs. 2.34, 3.1; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 147, 149, 173, 180, 187, 191

Diancang Mountains: and grand view, 239, 240, 242; hot springs in, 331; in Huadian on the Li River, 225, 264, 279, 288, 302, 312, 313; maps of, 303–4; photograph of (fig. 5.26), 305, 308; in travel accounts, 240, 260–62, 305, 306, 307–10, 364

Diancang Mountains Travel Record (You Diancangshan ji 游點蒼山記; He Tang), 308

“Diancang shan tu” 點蒼山圖 (fig. 5.25; Yang Erzeng), 304

Diancheng ji. See Diary of a Journey to Dian; Record of a Journey to Dian

Dianchi xu. See Preface to [Poetry of] Dian Lake

Dianhai qu. See “Songs of Dian Lake”Dian houji. See Record of the Climate of DianDianhuan riji. See Diary of the Return from

YunnanDian Lake (Dianhai 滇海), 139, 192, 237, 288,

304, 308, 309, 357, 358, 422n89, 427n23, 429n37


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Dianlüe. See Summary of DianDiannan album. See Record of the Journey in

Search of My Parents, ADiannan shengjing (album). See Scenic Fron-

tier of YunnanDian Taihua Mountain Travel Record (You

Dian Taihua shan ji 游滇太華山記; Zhang Jiayin), 308

Dian zaiji. See Historical Records of DianDiary of a Journey to Dian (Diancheng ji 滇程記; Yang Shen), 213

Diary of the Return from Yunnan (Dianhuan riji 滇還日記; Huang Xiangjian), 101, 343, 365–83

Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong 中庸), 333Dong Qichang 董其昌 (1555–1636), 75, 76,

92–93, 193, 200, 254Dong Yong 董永, 171Dong You 董逌 (fl. 1126), 296Dongkou 洞口, 377Donglin Academy, 84Donglin Party, 153, 431n62Dongting East Mountain, 85, 402n113Dongting liangshan tu. See Two Mountains

of DongtingDongting West Mountain (Dongting xishan 洞庭西山), 83, 84–89. See also Fuyuan Monastery at Dongting West Mountain

Dongting West Mountain (Xi Dongtingshan tu 西洞庭山圖; scroll; Wen Boren), 85

Dongting Xishan Fuyuansi tu. See Fuyuan Monastery at Dongting West Mountain

Dongting 洞庭 Lake, 239, 380Drafts of Travels to the Five Sacred Moun-

tains (Wuyue youcao 五嶽遊草; Wang Shixing), 213

Dragon Flower Monastery (Longhuasi 龍華

寺), 212, 214, 216, 217, 225, 418n128Dragon Tarn (Longtan 龍潭), 212, 225, 250,

254, 418n129Dream of the Red Chamber (Cao Xueqin),

416n87Du Fu 杜甫 (712–70), 296, 302Du Zhengzhen, 293–94Duan Hunran 段渾然, 373Duanmu 端木, 155, 157, 164, 168, 171. See also

Huang Xiangjian

Duel of Wits Across the River (Ge jiang dou zhi 隔江鬪智), 184

Edwards, Richard, 3, 121Eight Views of Beijing (paintings; Wang Fu),

38, 258Eight Views of Huangshan (album; Shitao),

424n49Eight Views of Jiahe (Jiahe bajing 嘉和八景;

handscroll; Wu Zhen), 10, 81–82, 212Eight Views of the South (album; Shitao), 293Eight Views of Xiao Xiang (paintings), 37, 179elites: and Buddhism, 78–79, 300, 302; and

commerce, 18–19; and Diannan album, 258; and famous-sites paintings, 74, 75, 77; and Filial Son title, 162; and fund-raising paintings, 78–88, 82, 88, 92; and heroic ac-tion, 184–85; and honorific paintings, 89, 90; and Huang family, 147–48, 150, 161; and Huang Xiangjian, 341; and Ming-Qing transition, 294; and monasteries, 78–79, 302; and Peach Blossom Spring, 288, 290; and rocks, 300; in Suzhou, 18–20, 22–23, 179; and visualization, 243, 244

Elm River (Yuhe 榆河), 262“Endless Expanse of Blue” (Yibiwanqing 一碧萬頃), 5, 263, 309

“En qianshu Dian jixing.” See “Song of Gratitude Recording My Punishment of Banishment to Dian”

eremitic subjects. See yimin 逸民

eremitism, 150, 199, 209, 287, 290–92, 295–96, 302, 406n60

Er Lake (Erhai 洱海), 3, 364, 418n129; and Diannan album, 260, 263, 303, 304, 310; and grand view, 239; and Mount Jizu, 211, 215, 220, 225, 240, 242, 243, 253; photo-graphs of (figs. 4.16, 4.17), 241, 242, 308

Evening Ferry on the Xu River (figs. 1.19, 1.20; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 46, 47, 48, 52, 286

Evening Verdure at Mount Zhixing (figs. 1.21, 1.22; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 46, 48, 49, 59, 120

examination system, 2, 79, 237, 333, 395n11; and Filial Son title, 162, 170–71; and Ming loyalists, 150, 156; in Suzhou, 18–19; and visualization, 245


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Exploration and Amplification of the Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing yanyi 孝經衍義), 167

fa 法 (dharma), 223Famous Sites of Southern Jiangsu (Jiangzuo

mingsheng tu 江左名勝圖; album), 26–36, 27, 30, 31, 32, 36

famous-sites paintings, 12, 36–78; and festivals, 39–40, 42, 60, 77; figures in, 38, 42, 46, 64; forgeries of, 75–76; formats of, 78, 91; and fund-raising paintings, 86; and gazetteers, 37, 55; as geo-narratives, 88–89; and honorific paintings, 38, 42, 46, 74, 77; and Huang’s paintings, 123; inscriptions on, 74, 75, 89; and Mount Jizu, 210; poetry on, 37, 75–76; sales of, 74–77, 89; and seasons, 38–39, 42; subcategories of, 74–78; and Suzhou place painting, 91; themes of, 38–39; topography in, 38, 50, 55, 63–73, 78, 217, 219; and tourism, 51, 60, 77; visual codes in, 63–73, 78, 217, 219

Fan Chengda 范成大 (1126–93), 30, 169–70, 397n32

Fan Qi 樊圻 (1616–after 1694), 289Fan Yunlin 范允臨 (1558–1641), 53Fan Zhongyan 范仲淹 (989–1052), 53, 236,

239, 280, 309, 337, 419n12Fang Guoyu 方國瑜 (1903–83), 12Fang Yizhi 方以智 (1611–71), 150–51Fangguang 放光 Pagoda, 214Fanggu shanshui. See Landscapes after An-

cient Mastersfans, painted, 20, 22, 78, 288, 400n92farewell culture, 24farewell paintings, 89“farming with the brush” (bigeng 筆耕),

18–19fashion deviant ( fuyao 服妖), 20Feng Mengzhen 馮夢禎 (1546–1605), 300Feng Ting 馮停, 396n28festivals, 39–40, 42, 60, 77, 293–94, 399n53figures: in Diannan album, 275–77, 278–79,

281, 286, 289–90, 296, 312, 327, 330, 332, 338–39, 340; and eremitism, 302; in famous-sites paintings, 38, 42, 46, 64; and filial piety, 173, 185–86; in Fuyuan Monas-

tery album, 86, 89; in honorific paint-ings, 32–33, 89; in Huang’s paintings, 91, 102, 109, 116, 119–20, 147; and Huang’s umbrella, 91, 99, 102, 106, 109, 116, 179, 254, 276, 281, 289, 338–39; in Mount Jizu, 253–54, 418n134; and Suzhou place paint-ing, 90, 253; of Wang Lü, 122

filial campaign, 1, 147–49, 161, 162–65; and colophons, 170, 171; and Diannan album, 258; evidence for, 165–67; and heroism, 184; and Huang Kongzhao, 165, 198–99; and Mount Jizu, 202; outcome of, 198–201; and social networks, 165, 199–200

filial piety (xiao 孝): and action, 2, 179–92, 341, 408n13; behavior models for, 163–64; colophons on, 167–72, 192, 196; and Con-fucianism, 166–67, 198; geo-narratives on, 172–97; and Heavenly Mandate, 172, 173, 179; and heroism, 184–92; and Huang’s character, 173–79, 196–97; and Huang’s paintings, 14, 15, 155, 157–58, 163, 172–97, 339; and loyalty, 1, 155, 160, 164, 166, 167, 169; and Mount Jizu, 224–25; rewards for, 168, 169, 171, 172, 184, 192–96, 413n140; and sagehood, 333; and topography, 172, 173, 176

filial-piety tales, 192, 196; and actions, 179–80; Huang’s writings as, 166, 167–72

Filial Son (title), 14, 158, 172, 184, 196; Huang as, 15, 169, 200–201; and Huang’s paint-ings, 1–2, 165; monuments to, 178; and social status, 162, 170–71

Filial Son Searching for His Parents (album; Huang Xiangjian), 128, 145

First Emperor of Qin (r. 221–210 BCE), 230Fisher, Tom, 150Fitzgerald, C. P., 12Flower Domain (Huadian 花甸), 211, 217, 225,

260, 312, 418n129forgeries, 75–76foxin 佛心 (Buddha-mind), 223Frankel, Hans, 233Fu, Li-tsui Flora, 3, 8, 121, 307fund-raising: and Huang Kongzhao, 162–63;

by Huang Xiangjian, 92, 101, 152, 174, 209, 223–24, 258; for monasteries, 78–88, 92


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— 464 —

fund-raising paintings, 12, 78–88, 91–92, 342; and famous-sites paintings, 86; as geo-narratives, 89; and honorific paint-ings, 85, 86; and Huang, 92, 199, 258; inscriptions on, 81, 85; perspective in, 285

Fushe. See Restoration SocietyFuyuan Monastery album (Qian Gong),

79–88, 89, 91–92, 120, 286, 401n98, 401n105Fuyuan Monastery at Dongting West Moun-

tain (Dongting Xishan Fuyuansi tu 洞庭西

山福源寺圖; figs. 1.44–1.47; album leaves; Qian Gong), 80, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88, 120, 286, 401n98, 401n105

Ganza, Kenneth, 5Gao 高, Regional Commander, 349Gao Panlong 高攀龍 (1562–1626), 234, 245,

334, 335–36Gao Qi, 399n60Gao Songyun 高松筠, 366gaoyuan 高遠 (high distance), 238Gazetteer of the Mountains and Rivers of

Yunnan (Yunnan shanchuan zhi 雲南山川

志; Yang Shen), 213, 328gazetteers, 2, 221, 319, 320; and famous-sites

paintings, 37, 55; on filial piety, 166; and geo-narratives, 7, 10, 12; and grand view, 239; and Mount Jizu, 213, 220; and site- specific paintings, 4, 212; of southwest, 96, 119, 193, 213, 303, 304, 306, 307, 328, 329

Ge Xu 葛旭 (act. ca. 17th c.), 74Ge jiang dou zhi. See Duel of Wits Across the

RiverGelao 犵狫 minority, 403n9, 426n11gentleman, theme of, 296–302, 334geo-narratives, 2, 5–12, 341–42, 394n19; and

experential knowledge, 7–8; famous-sites paintings as, 88–89; on filial piety, 172–97; fund-raising paintings as, 89; and gazet-teers, 7, 10, 12; honorific paintings as, 89; and Huang Xiangjian, 11–12, 93, 119–20, 202; and landscape painting, 6–7, 12; place paintings as, 88–89, 90; and the self, 316; topography in, 6–7, 11, 88–89

Giersch, C. Patterson, 12Gong Xian 龔賢 (ca. 1618–89), 158

grand view (daguan 大觀), 237–43, 357; and Diancang Mountains, 239, 240, 242; in Diannan album, 279–80, 340; and expe-riential journey, 230, 233–34, 236, 237, 239; and Huang Kongzhao, 246–56, 336–37; literary use of, 230–37; and Mount Jizu, 15, 203, 239–43, 254, 337; and the past, 233–34, 239; and social status, 230–31; symbolism of, 230–37, 238, 337; and Wang Yangming, 336–37

Great Leap Forward, 58Green Snail Spring 碧螺春 tea, 85, 402n114Gu Jingyang 顧涇陽, 336Gu Jiusi 顧九思 (jinshi 1571), 30–31Gu Xiancheng 顧憲成 (1550–1612), 336Gu Xin 古心, 224, 355, 431n60Gu Yanwu 顧炎武 (1613–82), 151, 153, 154, 159,

398n44, 407n83guai 怪 (strange, otherworldly), 194guan 觀 (to see, tower), 234Guan Suo 關索, 176–77, 184, 190–91, 263, 352,

405n41, 427n20Guan Yu 關羽 (Guan Yunchang 關雲長;

161–219), 176, 184, 190, 191, 405n41, 411n90, 427n20

Guangfu 光福 Pagoda, 55, 57Guan 關 Mountain Range. See Guan Suo

Mountain RangeGuan Suo Mountain Range (figs. 2.13–2.15,

3.11; album leaves; Huang Xiangjian), 123, 124, 125, 189, 190

Guan Suo 關索 Mountain Range, 123–25, 129–30, 160, 176, 178, 180, 187, 285, 352, 371

guanxiang 觀像 (contemplating holy icons), 243

Gui Changshi 歸昌世 (1573–1644), 18Gui Youguang 歸有光 (1507–71), 18Gui Zhuang 歸莊 (Zuoming 祚明; 1613–73),

18, 164, 168, 170, 171, 199, 408n4; biography by, 19, 151, 154, 163, 195

“Gui Qi Gu Guai” 歸奇顧怪 (Gui the myste-rious and Gu the strange), 154

Guizhou, 3, 13; dangers in, 97–98, 99, 129–30, 176, 180, 183; in Diannan album, 257, 285, 306; Huang’s paintings of, 102, 105, 106, 109, 123, 131, 160, 177, 190, 193; and Ming,


glossa ry - in dex

— 465 —

100, 152, 223; scenery of, 193–94, 370; Wang Yangming in, 318, 319–23; writings on, 119, 213

Guizhou-Yunnan border, 147, 186, 257Guo Songnian 郭松年 (act. 13th c.–14th c.),

310Guo Xi 郭熙 (ca. 1020–after 1090), 8, 238Gusu shi jing. See Ten Views of Gusu

Hainei qiguan. See Strange Views Within the [Four] Seas

Halbwacks, Maurice, 37Han Yu 韓愈 (768–824), 289, 302Han Chinese, 12, 194Haoran 浩然 Pavilion, 3, 211, 225, 226, 227,

252, 418n127hao 號 painting, 322. See also biehaoHe Tang 何鏜 (b. 1518; jinshi 1547), 308He Zhuo 何焯 (1661–1722), 257heaven (tian 天), 164, 166, 171, 234–35, 393n12;

canopy of, 179; and human nature, 333–34, 336

Heavenly Mandate, 153, 171, 172, 173, 179“Heaven Sent Lofty Mountain” (Tian zuo

gao shan 天作高山), 300Hegel, Robert, 164, 245, 316Helin Monastery (Helinsi 鶴林寺), 79Hengyue 衡嶽 Mountain, 236Heqing 鶴慶 region, 142, 270, 278, 339, 363Herman, John, 12hero-tales, 184Hessney, Richard, 164, 316Historical Records of Dian [Yunnan] (Dian

zaiji 滇載記; Yang Shen), 213Hongchu 弘儲 (act. 17th c.), 199Hongren 弘仁 (1610–64), 10Hongwu emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang, r.

1368–98), 154, 291–92, 293, 432n69honorific paintings, 12, 24–36; and Diannan

album, 258, 317; and famous-sites paint-ings, 38, 42, 46, 74, 77; figures in, 32–33, 89; and fund-raising paintings, 85, 86; as geo-narratives, 89; and Huang’s paintings, 119, 199, 246; inscriptions on, 26, 30, 31, 89; perspective in, 31, 285; and Suzhou place painting, 90–91; symbolism in, 33–36

Hostetler, Laura, 12, 194hot springs, 330–31Hot Springs of Qiong County (figs. 5.2, 5.10,

5.21; Diannan album leaf 2; Huang Xiang-jian), 259, 262, 263, 278, 286, 289; compo-sition of, 276; figures in, 296, 297, 329–30, 339; inscription on, 267–68, 331

Hsia, C. T., 316hu 笏 (tablets), 53Hu Zhengyan 胡正言 (1584–1674), 408n1Hu Zhi 胡直 (1517–85), 334Hu Zhouzi 胡周鼒 (jinshi 1640), 155, 163, 168,

170, 171, 194Huadian on the Li River (figs. 5.1, 5.9, 5.28;

Diannan album leaf 1; Huang Xiangjian), 259–60, 263–64, 275, 276, 277, 286–89, 302, 310–13; figures in, 289; inscription on, 257, 268, 270, 279. See also Flower Domain

Hua Guan Suo zhuan. See Story of Hua Guan Suo

Huainanzi 淮南子, 235, 245Huaiyang wangshe. See Society of Hope of

HuaiyangHuang Daozhou 黃道周 (1585–1646), 185Huang Kongzhao 黃孔昭 (father; 1589–1678),

11, 15, 19, 120, 315–40, 342; and Book of Changes, 200, 237; as Buddhist, 100, 246, 323–28, 340; and Diannan album, 257–58, 259, 307, 314, 339–40; and filial campaign, 165, 168, 198–99; and fund-raising, 162–63; as gentleman, 296–302; and grand view, 246–56, 336–37; hairstyle of, 432n66; on Huang Xiangjian, 196–97; as Ming loy-alist, 153–54, 155–56, 290–91, 293, 295–96, 302, 340; and Ming-Qing transition, 317–18; and Mount Jizu, 90, 203, 209, 223–24, 246–56; as official, 164, 317–18, 340; as phi-losopher, 318–23, 340; preface by, 196–97, 198, 200; on return home, 365–69, 371–80, 382–83; and sagehood, 332–34; search for, 344, 354–55, 356, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362–64, 365; and visualization, 244–45; and Wang Yangming, 318–23; in Yunnan, 95, 99–100, 349, 351

Huang Xiangjian 黃向堅 (1609–73): biog-raphy of, 19, 151, 154, 163, 195; dates of


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paintings by, 164–65; in Diannan album, 276, 338–39; diaries of, 259, 297; experiences of, 192–93, 195, 196, 197; hairstyle of, 357, 427n16; heroism of, 184–92, 196; journey of, 97–101; monument to, 201; production method of, 123–49; sketching en route by, 97, 120–23; style name of, 93; style of, 21–22, 121–22, 197; in Suzhou, 17–23; and Suzhou painting tradition, 12–13, 90–93; umbrella of, 91, 99, 102, 106, 109, 116, 179, 254, 276, 281, 289, 338–39. See also filial campaign

Huang Xiangyan 黃向嚴 (Xian 仙; nephew/cousin), 198, 364, 365, 376, 378, 379, 426n3

Huang Xiaoyuan, 396n19Huang Xingzeng 黃省曾 (1490–1540), 77Huang Yue 黃鉞 (jinshi 1400; d. 1402), 19Huang Zhouxing 黃周星 (1611–80), 151Huangguanshao 黃官峭 Frontier Pass, 183Huangshan 黃山, 233Huang Xiaozi jicheng. See Travel Records of

Filial Son HuangHuankong 幻空 (Bukong 不空, Baikong 白空), 362, 430n47

Hua shanshui xu. See Introduction to Paint-ing Landscape

Huating 華亭, 308Huichang suppression, 55Huineng 惠能 (Luneng; 638–713), 221, 223Huiqing Monastery (Huiqingsengsi 慧慶僧

寺), 74Huiyuan 慧遠 (334–416), 324, 325Hushan 虎山 (fig. 1.13; album leaf; Yuan

Shangtong), 39, 42, 55, 63, 217, 219, 286, 404n36

Hushan 虎山 (fig. 1.28; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 55, 56, 63, 217, 219

Hushan 虎山 (Tiger Mountain), 38, 39, 55, 77, 78, 217; and perspective, 286; photograph of (fig. 1.29), 57; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.42), 64, 72; visual codes for, 63, 219

Hushan 虎山 Bridge, 55, 57

identity, 3, 6, 18, 20, 90Immortal Yang Cave (Yang Zhenren dong 楊真人洞), 212, 216, 418n129

India, 221–22, 240, 249, 274, 324, 327, 328“inkstone rice field” (yantian 硯田), 18inscriptions: and composition, 189, 268–69,

274–75; vs. copies, 147; in Diannan album, 263–86, 279, 286, 287, 312, 320–21, 322, 324, 326, 327–28, 329, 337, 339; on experiential journey, 220–21, 226–28; on famous-sites paintings, 74, 75, 89; on filial piety, 173, 174, 180; forged, 75–76; on fund-raising paintings, 81, 85; and geo-narratives, 7, 10; and grand view, 239; and heroic action, 190; on honorific paintings, 26, 30, 31, 89; on Huang’s paintings, 14, 15, 102, 105–6, 109, 116, 118, 119, 120, 123, 129–31, 183; on Mount Jizu, 203, 208, 211, 220–30, 254, 256; on reward of experience, 192–94; on rocks, 300–301; on southwest, 195–96; and Suzhou place painting, 90; and travel accounts, 343–44; Wen-family style, 22. See also colophons

Introduction to Painting Landscape (Hua shanshui xu 畫山水序; Zong Bing), 11

Introduction to Poetry on Wandering at the Stone Gate by the Laymen of Mount Lu, 326

Ivanhoe, P. J., 333

[Jade Dragon] Snowy Mountains (Xueshan 雪山), 212, 239, 240, 242, 243, 285, 418n129

jen (ren) 仁 (humanity), 332ji 跡 (site, traces), 6, 259Jia Cong 賈琮, 36, 397n42Jia Dao 賈島 (779–849), 296Jia Fuchen 賈孚宸 (act. late 17th c.), 419n1Jia Yi 賈誼 (200–168 BCE), 235Jiahe bajing. See Eight Views of JiaheJianchuan 劍川, 147, 194, 339Jianchuan zhou Gazetteer (Jianchuan zhou

zhi), 306Jianfu 薦福, 131, 134, 195, 370Jiang Gao 江皐 (1635–1715), 413n3Jiang Menglong 蔣夢龍 (b. 1531; jinshi 1565),

26, 28–29Jiang Zhangxun 蔣章訓, 171Jiangzuo mingsheng tu. See Famous Sites of

Southern Jiangsu

Huang Xiangjian (continued)


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Jianwen 建文 era (1399–1402), 19, 168Jiao Hong 焦竑 (1540–1620), 236Jijian 寂鑒 Monastery, 52Jiming 雞鳴 Pass, 349Jiming 雞鳴 Pass (figs. 2.1, 3.8; album leaf;

Huang Xiangjian), 102, 103, 106, 131, 179, 180, 185, 186

Jinchang xiaofa tu. See Departing at Day-break at Jinchang

Jin-Chang (Jinchang) 金閶 gate area, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 35, 74, 397n36

Jing Hao 荊浩 (ca. 870–ca. 935), 33, 193Jing 景 Mountain, 11Jingru 凈儒, 11Jingting 敬亭 Mountain, 11Jingyin shishe. See Club of Startled and

Secretive Poetsjingzuo. See quiet-sittingJin History (Jinshu 晉書), 232Jinma Biji 金馬碧雞 regions, 139, 177Jinsha River (fig. 2.10; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian; Nanjing Museum), 109, 114, 139, 179, 180, 187, 189

Jinsha 金沙 River, 211, 363, 418n129, 430n55Jinsi lu. See Reflections on Things at HandJishizhong. See Supervising SecretaryJiu Tangshu. See Old History of the TangJizhou 冀州, 397journey, experiential, 2–5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,

14, 24, 38, 342, 393n10; in Diannan album, 257–58, 259, 263, 276–77, 286, 287, 303, 305, 312, 313, 338–39, 340; and grand view, 230, 233–34, 236, 237, 239; and Huang Kong-zhao, 254; in Huang’s inscriptions, 220–21, 226–28; of individual, 315; in Mount Jizu, 203, 219, 220–21, 248–49; and photographs, 3–4; in southwest, 192, 307; spiritual, 335–36; and Suzhou place painting, 63–73, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 119; towards sagehood, 332–33; and visualization, 7–8, 243–44

Journey beyond the Zijing Pass (painting; Xu Xilie), 254

Journey by Water (Shuicheng tu 水程圖; albums; Qian Gu, Zhang Fu, Wang Shizhen), 24, 396n27

Journey in Search of My Parents (Xunqin jili shanshui tu 尋親紀歷山水圖; album;

Huang Xiangjian), 125, 127, 133, 140, 144, 149, 173, 181, 189, 190

Journey to the West, 316juren 舉人 degree, 18, 19

Kailou Fortified Village (fig. 2.31; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 139, 145, 179

Kangxi emperor, 200Kāśyapa, 221Kāśyapa Monastery (Jiayesi 迦葉寺), 212, 216,

217, 251, 418n128King, Gail, 176Knapp, Keith, 167–68knight-errant (youxia 遊俠), 184knowledge, experiential, 5, 7–8, 14–15, 36, 192,

393n10; and famous-sites paintings, 50–51; and Mount Jizu, 203, 209, 219, 221, 230, 239, 241, 242

Kong Ruogu 孔若谷, 338. See also Li ZhiKou Shen 寇慎 (jinshi 1616), 24–26, 35–36,

398n44Kou Xun 寇恂, 30, 397n34Kukkutapāda (Mount Chickenfoot), 221, 222Kunming Lake, 196, 271, 278, 282Kunxue ji. See Recollections of the Toils of

Learning

Laishipo 癩石坡, 116, 372Lake Tai 太湖, 37, 58, 85–88, 86, 286Land of Joy (letu 樂土), 268, 324, 331landscape-of-property paintings, 258, 397n37landscape painting, 20–22, 394n18; figures

in, 253, 276; and fund-raising paintings, 88; and geo-narratives, 6–7, 12; grand view in, 237–43; iconic themes in, 287–96; as illustrated journeys, 212, 219–20; per-spective in, 285–86, 337; vs. site-specific painting, 4–5, 21; of southwest, 119, 303; in Suzhou, 17–93, 96, 120, 178–79, 217, 219, 285, 316, 341–42; texts on, 238; and visual-ization, 243–44; visual tradition in, 4–5, 12. See also place painting

Landscapes (Shanshui 山水; album; Zhang Hong), 398n51

Landscapes (Shanshui 山水; fig. 1.2; album; Huang Xiangjian; Yu Wei Du Zhai collec-tion), 20, 21


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Landscapes after Ancient Masters (Fanggu shanshui 仿古山水; Yuan Shangtong), 400n93, 404n36

Langqiong 浪穹, 183, 196, 331, 364Langqiong Road (fig. 3.5; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 180, 181League of Fugitives (Taozhi meng 逃之盟),

151Leaving Qiongshui (figs. 2.26; 3.13; album

leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 139, 140, 190, 191Lengqie 楞伽 Monastery pagoda, 64letu. See land of joyLi Bai 李白 (701–62), 178Li Bo 李渤 (d. 831?), 298Li Chengsou 李澄叟 (ca. 1150–after 1221), 9Li Chunkun 李春鵾, 350Li Dingguo 李定國 (1620–62), 427n23,

431n60Li Gonglin 李公麟 (ca. 1041–1106), 166Li He 李賀 (790–816), 296Li Jiquan 李及泉, 26, 28–29, 30Li Kaishu 李楷叔 (act. mid-17th c.), 155, 156,

163, 164, 169, 171, 184, 199Li Liufang 李流芳 (1575–1629), 121Li She 李涉, 298Li Song 李嵩 (act. ca. 1190–1230), 238Li Tingsheng 李挺生, 185Li Yin 李寅 (act. ca. 1700), 404n31Li Yu 李玉 (ca. 1610s–ca. 1680s), 200Li Yuanchong 李元冲 (1551–1608), 336Li Yuanyang 李元陽 (jinshi 1526; 1497–1580),

213, 216, 217, 240, 329, 331Li Zhi 李贄 (Li Zhuowu 李卓吾; 1527–1602),

222, 244, 318, 323, 338, 339, 361, 366Li Zicheng 李自成 (1606–45), 185Liang Fen 梁份 (1641–1728), 185Liang Qingbiao 梁清標 (1620–91), 200Liangdong jiyou tu. See Record of a Journey

to Two Cavesliangzhi 良知 (moral knowledge), 322, 326Liangzhou 梁州, 228liezhuan 列傳 (exemplary biographies), 166Liji. See Book of RitesLi Laishipo. See Passing LaishipoLin Bu 林逋 (967–1028), 296Lin Wei-Cheng, 243–44Lingxiu 靈岫 Pass, 211Lingyan Monastery. See Mount Lingyan

Linquan gaozhi. See Lofty Truth of Forests and Streams

Li Peak Station (Liding zhan 歴頂站), 173, 176, 177

Li Peak Station (Liding zhan 歴頂站; fig. 2.3; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 102, 106, 107, 123, 129, 173, 176, 177, 180, 186, 187, 189, 190

Liscomb, Kathlyn, 2–3, 6, 12, 258Listening to the Wind in the Pines (painting;

Ma Lin), 298Little Ice Age, 1, 426n9Liu An 劉安 (179?–122 BCE), 235, 416n78Liu Bei 劉備 (161–223), 184, 191Liu Feng 劉鳯, 20Liu, James J. Y., 318Liu Ji 劉基 (1311–75), 298Liu Shu 劉恕 (1759–1816), 419n1Liu Wenzhi 劉文治, 355, 369, 431n60, 431n64Liu Yuxi 劉禹鍚 (772–842), 289Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 (773–819), 232Liuguozi 六國子 Lane, 201Liuzhai 柳寨, 348Liu zhuan. See “Roaming About”Living Abroad or Returning Home Is One and

the Same (Gui yu yiyuan tu 歸寓一元圖; handscroll; Xiao Yuncong), 11

Liwu 梨武 Slope, 180, 359, 366Lizong, Emperor (r. 1224–64), 298Lofty Truth of Forests and Streams (Linquan

gaozhi 林泉高致; Guo Xi), 8, 238Lone Swordsman, The (Dan dao hui), 184Longchang 龍場, 183, 318–19, 320, 321, 372Longli 龍里, 98, 350Longquan 龍泉 County, 131, 373Long Scroll of Buddhist Images (Zhang

Sheng wen), 304“Lord Grand Historian says” (taishi gongyue 太史公曰), 338

Lord Zhang Cave (Zhanggong dong 張公洞; fig. 1.6; album leaf; Lu Shiren), 26, 27, 32

Lotus Flower Lake Festival, 77Lotus Society, 224, 254, 295, 323, 324, 325, 362loyalty (zhong 忠): behavior models for,

163–64; and filial piety, 1, 155, 160, 166–67, 169; and Huang family, 14, 15, 161, 163, 167. See also Ming loyalists

Lü Liuliang 呂留良 (1629–83), 151, 159


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Lu Miaw-fen, 200Lu Shiren 陸士仁, 27, 397n29Lu Shiyi 陸世儀 (1611–72), 154, 157, 163, 170,

185Lu Zhi 陸治 (1496–1576), 85, 244, 288,

398n48, 399n70Lu Zizhi, 22Lü Zuqian 呂祖謙 (1137–81), 334Lubai 艣擺 Village, 211, 225, 418n127Luo Guanzhong 羅貫中 (ca. 14th c.), 405n41Luodian (fig. 2.8; album leaf; Huang Xiang-

jian; Nanjing Museum), 106, 112, 139, 179, 180, 189

Luodian 羅甸, 183, 195

Ma Lin 馬麟 (ca. 1180–after 1256), 298Ma Xun, 396n19Ma Yuan 馬援 (14 BCE–49 CE), 177, 191Mahage (fig. 2.29; album leaf; Huang Xiang-

jian), 139, 143, 195Mahage 蔴哈葛, 350Maitreya Buddha, 222Malong 馬龍 Peak, 310Malongzhou Road (figs. 2.7, 3.2; album leaf;

Huang Xiangjian; Nanjing Museum), 106, 111, 120, 139, 173, 174, 179, 187, 189, 192

Malongzhou 馬龍州 Road, 183Manchus, 23, 119; hairstyle of, 96, 152, 302,

427n16, 432n66; and Huang, 97, 100, 105–6, 158; resistance to, 152, 153, 156, 159. See also Ming-Qing transition; Qing dynasty

McDermott, Joseph, 6meditation, 60, 297, 313, 320, 321, 324, 325,

326; and visualization, 244–45. See also quiet-sitting

Mei Qing 梅清 (1623–97), 9Meidu 眉渡, 99, 362Mencius (ca. 370–ca. 300 BCE), 231, 296Meng Haoran 孟浩然 (689–740), 233, 289,

296Mi Fu 米黻 (1052–1107), 300Mi Youren 米友仁 (1074–1151), 239Miao. See minority groupsMid-Autumn Festival, 39–40, 60, 77Mid-Cliff Basin (Zhongdengpan 中磴盤),

212, 225, 418n129Ming Xu 明旭, 396n28

Ming dynasty: fall of, 1, 95–96; and grand view, 233; and Huang’s journey, 97, 100, 105–6; satellite courts of, 100, 150, 152, 156, 159, 160, 185, 292, 428n35, 431n58; and Yunnan, 223, 230

Ming loyalists, 14, 97, 149–60, 199; and Diannan album, 258, 295–96, 303, 312; in exile, 313; and filial campaign, 200; Huang Kongzhao as, 153–54, 155–56, 290–91, 293, 295–96, 302, 340; and literary societies, 151–52; and monasteries, 150, 151, 152, 302; and Peach Blossom Spring, 290. See also eremitism

Ming-Qing transition, 12, 119, 166; and Bud-dhism, 323; and elites, 294; and eremitism, 290–92; hardships in, 158–60; and heroic action, 184–85; and Huang Kongzhao, 317–18; monasteries in, 222, 302, 323

Mingzhi 明智, 83minority groups, 194, 362, 363, 403n9,

427n14, 430n48, 430n50; Miao, 97, 98, 99, 102, 116, 119, 183, 348, 350, 353, 354, 375, 426n11; women of, 428n33

Mogao Grottoes, 243, 244monasteries, 24, 165, 252–53, 329; in Dian-

nan album, 272, 304, 308, 310, 323, 339; and elites, 78–79, 302; in famous-sites paintings, 52, 55, 57–58, 59, 64; and filial campaign, 199; fund-raising for, 78–88, 92; Huang at, 191–92; and Huang Kongzhao, 224; and Ming loyalists, 150, 151, 152, 302; in Ming-Qing transition, 222, 302, 323; on Mount Jizu, 221–22. See also Ancient Bud-dhist Monastery of the Brahman; Dragon Flower Monastery; Fuyuan Monastery album; Kāśyapa Monastery; Vast Assem-bly Monastery

Mongols, 223, 230Monkey Stairs (Husun ti 猢孫梯), 212,

214–16, 219, 225–26, 418n127mountain men (shanren 山人), 19–20Mountains and Seas Classic (Shanhai jing 山海經), 229

Mountain Village in the Evening (fig. 2.24; hanging scroll; Huang Xiangjian), 131, 137

Mount Dizhu 砥柱 (Whetstone Pillar), 397n30


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Mount Jin 金, 26Mount Jizu 鷄足, 5, 10, 14, 90–91, 193,

418n129; grand view from, 239–43; in Huang’s albums, 131, 138, 139, 146, 182, 189, 202; Huang’s experience of, 208–9, 363, 367; labeling of, 212; photograph of (fig. 4.5), 203, 208

Mount Jizu 鷄足 (fig. 2.32; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian; Guizhou Provincial Museum), 146, 189

Mount Jizu 鷄足 (figs. 4.1–4.26; handscroll; Huang Xiangjian). See Searching for My Parents (Mount Jizu)

“Mount Jizu” (fig. 4.8; illustration; Hainei qiguan), 214, 239

Mount Jizu Travel Record (You Jizushan ji 遊鷄足山記; Wang Shixing), 212

Mount Lingyan (fig. 1.15; album leaf; Yuan Shangtong), 39, 42, 43, 60

Mount Lingyan (fig. 1.32; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 60, 61

Mount Lingyan 靈巖, 25, 26, 38, 39, 60, 78, 199; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.40), 64, 70; visual codes for, 63

Mount Lu 廬山, 7, 232, 325, 381Mount Nine-Curve (Jiuqu shan 九曲山), 213,

221Mount Qixia (painting; Zhang Hong), 286Mount Shangfang 上方, 60, 64, 219Mount Tai 泰, 230, 234, 306Mount Taihua 太華, 3, 5, 139, 192, 196, 237,

323, 337, 357; in Diannan album, 282, 298, 302, 305, 307, 308–9, 313, 339

Mount Tianping (Tianping shan 天平山; fig. 1.7; album leaf; Shen Wan), 32

Mount Tianping (Tianping shan 天平山; fig. 1.8; album leaf; Zhu Zhi), 32, 33

Mount Tianping (Tianping shan 天平山; fig. 1.26; album leaf; Yuan Shangtong), 53

Mount Tianping (Tianping shan 天平山; fig. 1.27; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 53, 54

Mount Tianping 天平, 25–26, 31, 32–33, 38, 51, 52–54, 59, 60; and Suzhou painting, 285; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.38), 64, 68; visual codes for, 63

Mount Tiantai 天臺, 119, 231–32, 358

Mount Wutai 五臺, 244, 415n37Mount Zhixing (fig. 1.30–1.31; album leaf;

Yuan Shangtong), 58, 59Mount Zhixing 支硎, 3, 38, 46, 59, 78, 399n70;

in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.37), 64, 67; visual codes for, 63

Mount Zhong 鐘, 154, 291–93, 382, 432n69moya shike 摩崖石刻 (rock inscriptions), 300Mu, King (r. 956–918 BCE; trad. r. 1001–946

BCE; Zhou dynasty), 229Mu Tianbo 沐天波, 153, 428n30, 428n32Mu Ying 沐英, 428n29Muchen 木陳, 165, 199Mulao 木狫, 403n9Murck, Alfreda, 2–3, 37, 302Mu Tianzi zhuan. See Chronicle of Emperor

MuMyanmar, 292, 328, 420n31

Nanhu jiuzishe. See Society of the Nine Poets of South Lake

Nanxun 南潯, 151Nanxunlu. See Record of a Quest in the SouthNanzhao 南詔 Kingdom, 202, 223, 226, 230,

237, 252, 328, 329, 357Nanzhao 南詔 peoples, 118Nanzhong 南中, 191Nelson, Susan, 289, 290Nienhauser, William, 338Night Moon over Tiger Hill (figs. 1.11, 1.18;

album leaf; Zhang Hong), 38, 40, 42, 46, 53Night Revels of Han Xizai, 246Night Vigil (painting; Shen Zhou), 297Northern Foot of Mount Jizu (figs. 2.25, 3.7;

album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 131, 138, 180, 182, 202

Notes on Brush Methods (Bifaji 筆法記; Jing Hao), 193

Numinous Peaks and Billowing Clouds (figs. 5.7, 5.14; Diannan album leaf 7; Huang Xiangjian), 259, 272, 283, 286; composi-tion of, 278; figures in, 276, 299–300, 339; inscription on, 270–71, 275

Old Fisherman of the Lakes (Wuhu jun sou tu 五湖鈞叟圖; painting; Sun Zhi), 85, 402n118


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Old History of the Tang (Jiu Tangshu 舊唐

書), 118“On My Farming with the Brush” (Bigeng

shuo 筆耕說; Gui Zhuang), 18–19“On the Double Ninth: Remembering My

Brothers East of the Mountains” (poem; Wang Wei), 256

Orell, Julia, 3Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 (1007–72), 300Owen, Stephen, 259, 302“Owl, The” (Funiao fu 鵩鳥賦; poem; Jia Yi),

235

Paintings for Suzhou Prefect Kou Shen’s Resignation from Office (Suzhou Taishou Kou Shen quren tu 蘇州太守寇慎去任圖; figs. 1.3, 1.4, 1.8, 1.9, 5.17; album), 24–26, 31, 33, 34, 35, 85, 286, 287

Painting Travel Notes (album; Qian Gu and Zhang Fu), 121

Pan Lang 潘閬 (d. 1009), 296Panchi 盤螭, 38, 57Pan River (figs. 3.9, 3.10; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 404n39Pan 盤 River, 147, 177, 187, 353, 370, 427n24Parting at Jinchang (painting; Tang Yin),

397n36Passing Laishipo (Li Laishipo 歷癩石坡; fig.

2.12; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 116, 117, 139, 189

Pavilion of Dreaming of an Immortal (Mengxian caotang tu 夢仙草堂圖; Tang Yin), 244

Peach Blossom Retreat (Taohua’an 桃花菴), 288

Peach Blossom Spring (album; Fan Qi), 289“Peach Blossom Spring” (Tao Qian), 210, 257,

264, 288–89, 290, 312, 420n20Peach Blossom Valley (Zhou Chen), 290Pei, I. M., 341Personal Explanations (Wang Yangming),

319–20perspective, 285–86, 337Peterson, Willard J., 150photographs, 3–4, 50, 51, 57, 63, 305; of Er

Lake (figs. 4.16, 4.17), 241, 242, 308; of Mount Jizu (fig. 4.5), 203, 208

pi 癖 (obsession), 300Pictorial Compendium of the Three Powers, A

(Sancai tuhui 三才圖會), 119Pictures and Descriptions of Strange Regions

(Yiyu tu zhi 異域圖志), 119Pidhainy, Ihor, 12, 118, 297, 306Pine Trees and Stone Steps of Taihua (figs.

5.5, 5.13, 5.22, 5.27; Diannan album leaf 5; Huang Xiangjian), 259, 269, 278, 289, 302, 308, 311; composition of, 282; figures in, 276, 298–99, 339; inscription on, 271–72, 279, 310, 337

pingyuan 平遠 (level distance), 238Pingyue fu 平越府 (fig. 2.20; painting;

Huang Xiangjian), 131, 133Pingyue 平越 Prefecture, 131, 133, 174, 350place painting: categories of, 12, 24–36,

36–78, 78–88; and Diannan album, 259; as geo-narratives, 88–89; and grand view, 238; and Huang, 90–93, 120; site-specific, 2–5, 4, 6, 21, 90, 123, 212, 253; and south-west China, 119; of Suzhou, 285, 341–42; Suzhou tradition of, 17–93, 96, 120, 217, 219. See also famous-sites paintings; fund-raising paintings; honorific paint-ings; landscape painting

Plaks, Andrew, 412n117Poet Contemplating a Waterfall (Zhang Lu),

296“Poetic Essay on Roaming in the Tiantai

Moutains” (You Tiantai shan fu 遊天台山

賦; Sun Chuo), 231poetry, 4, 7, 326; on famous-sites paint-

ings, 37, 75–76; and filial campaign, 200; filial piety in, 169–70; forged, 75–76; and fund-raising paintings, 80; on grand view, 230–31, 235, 256; and honorific paintings, 26, 30, 35–36; and hot springs, 330; Ming loyalist, 158, 159; on Peach Blossom Spring, 288; on southwest, 118, 119, 177–78, 260, 297, 305; and Suzhou, 22, 90; on travel, 297; of Wang Lü, 122

Pond of Heaven (fig. 1.25; album leaf; Yuan Shangtong), 52

Pond of Heaven (Tianchi 天池), 37, 38, 52, 63, 78; photograph of (fig. 1.24), 51; in Thou-sand Mountains (fig. 1.39), 64, 69


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Pouring Clouds Spring (Guanyun quan 灌雲

泉), 212, 418n129Preface to [Poetry of] Dian Lake (Dianchi xu 滇池序; Yang Shen), 308

Preface to the Travel Record of the Filial Son Huang (Li Kaishu), 155

Pressing the Clouds Cliff (Pixiao yan 逼霄

嵓), 212, 225, 251, 253–54, 418n129, 418n134Prince of Yongming. See Yongli emperorPurtle, Jennifer, 3

qi 奇 (strange, marvelous), 194, 412n117Qian Gong 錢貢 (act. ca. 1573–1619), 80–88,

85–86, 88, 286, 397n29, 402n119Qian Gu 錢穀 (1508–after 1579), 37, 121,

404n30Qian Qianyi 錢謙益 (1582–1664), 200, 233,

396n17Qian Shisu 錢士驌, 354Qian Ying 錢應, 152Qianshan yuanshui tu. See Thousand Moun-

tains and Distant WaterQin Guan 秦觀 (1049–1100), 8Qin dynasty, 230Qing dynasty, 166, 167, 223, 294. See also

ManchusQinglang 清浪, 349, 375Qinglang Military Station Town (Qinglang

weicheng 清浪衛城; figs. 2.4, 2.16, 3.4; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian), 105, 108, 123, 126, 130–31, 180, 181, 186, 187, 189

qinglü. See blue-and-greenQingming shanghe tu. See Spring Festival on

the RiverQingping 清平, 98, 350Qinguan 秦關, 106, 349Qiongshui 卭水, 184. See also Leaving

QiongshuiQiu Ying 仇英 (ca. 1500–ca. 1552), 290Qixian Ravine, 212, 216, 254, 255, 418n129quiet-sitting (jingzuo 靜坐), 244–45, 297, 319,

320, 321, 324, 336“Quli shang” 曲禮上 (Book of Rites), 174Qunyu youzong tu 群玉遊踪圖 (handscroll;

Qian Gu), 404n30

Rare Views of Xiao-Xiang (Mi Youren), 239Recollections of the Toils of Learning (Kunxue

ji 困學記; Gao Panlong), 334Recollections of the Toils of Learning (Kunxue

ji 困學記; Hu Zhi), 334Record of a Journey to Dian (Diancheng ji 滇程記; Yang Shen), 118, 308

Record of a Journey to Two Caves (Liangdong jiyou tu 兩洞紀遊圖; Wen Jia), 396n22

Record of a Quest in the South (Nanxunlu 南詢錄; Deng Huoqu), 212

Record of Roaming upon Diancang Mountain (You Diancang shan ji 游點蒼山記; Yang Shen), 308

Record of the Climate of Dian (Dian houji 滇候記; Yang Shen), 213

Record of the Journey in Search of My Parents, A (Xunqin jicheng tu 尋親紀程

圖; album; Huang Xiangjian; Nanjing Museum), 111, 112, 114, 123, 124, 126, 132, 142, 147, 174, 181, 190, 196. See also Guan Suo Mountain Range; Jinsha River; Luodian; Malongzhou Road; Qinglang Military Station Town; Road to Heqing; Sandu Pass; Wu Village

Record of the Journey in Search of My Parents, A (Xunqin jicheng tu 尋親紀程

圖; Diannan album; Huang Xiangjian), 90–91, 102, 257–314, 343–44; colophons on, 196, 419n1; cultural topography of, 258, 287–314; frontispece to, 257; and fund-raising, 92, 258; gentleman theme in, 296–302; iconic themes in, 287–96; inscriptions in, 263–86, 279, 286, 287, 312, 320–21, 322, 324, 326, 327–28, 329, 337, 339; loci of remembrance in, 258–59, 302–14; narrator of, 338–40; personal topography of, 258, 313–14, 315–40; physical topogra-phy of, 258, 259–86; privileged content of, 328–32, 340; size of, 284–85. See also An-cient Buddhist Monastery of the Brahman (leaf 8); Dawn on Lotus Peak (leaf 6); Hot Springs of Qiong County (leaf 2); Huadian on the Li River (leaf 1); Numinous Peaks and Billowing Clouds (leaf 7); Pine Trees and Stone Steps of Taihua (leaf 5); Stone


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Cave and Indented Peak (leaf 4); Stone Cliffs of Jianchuan (leaf 3)

Record of the Journey in Search of My Par-ents, A (Xunqin jicheng 尋親紀程; travel account; Huang Xiangjian), 15, 95, 152, 162–63, 315, 343, 344–65

Records of the Historian (Shiji 史記; Sima Qian), 230, 245, 338

Records of the Three Kingdoms (San guo zhi 三國志), 405n41

Reflections on Things at Hand (Jinsi lu 近思

錄; Zhu Xi), 334remembrance, loci of, 315, 317; and Diannan

album, 258–59, 302–14remnant subjects. See yimin 遺民

Ren Xi 任熙, 359Restoration Society (Fushe 復社), 151Road to Heqing (fig. 2.28; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian; Nanjing Museum), 139, 142, 186, 190, 195

Road to Langqiong (fig. 2.27; album leaf; Huang Xiangjian; Guizhou Provincial Museum), 139, 141, 186

“Roaming About” (Liu zhuan 流轉; poem; Gu Yanwu), 159

“roam while reclining” (woyou 臥遊), 8, 11Robson, James, 305Rock, Joseph, 12Romance of the Three Kingdoms (San guo yan

yi 三國演義; Luo Guanzhong), 184, 316, 405n41

Ruan Ji 阮籍 (210–63), 296

sagehood, 321, 332–34, 332–37, 340; and Huang Kongzhao, 336–37; and Wang Yangming, 319, 320

Sancai tuhui. See Pictorial Compendium of the Three Powers, A

Sand Islet Village (Shazhi cun 沙沚村), 211, 225, 418n127

Sandu 三度 Pass, 180, 285, 372Sandu 三度 Pass (fig. 2.19; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian; Nanjing Museum), 131, 132, 147saoxiang 掃象 (bathing elephants), 330Scenery of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces

(fig. 2.5; handscroll; Huang Xiangjian), 105, 109, 160

“Scenic Frontier of Yunnan” (Diannan shengjing 滇南勝境), 354, 369

Scenic Frontier of Yunnan (Diannan sheng-jing 滇南勝境; figs. 2.2, 2.17, 2.18; album leaves; Huang Xiangjian), 102, 104–5, 123, 127–28, 180, 189, 199

Scenic Frontier of Yunnan (Diannan sheng-jing 滇南勝境; frontispiece to Diannan album), 257

Searching for My Parents Landscapes (Xunqin shanshui: 尋親山水; Huang Xiangjian), 196

Searching for My Parents (Mount Jizu) 尋親圖 (figs. 4.1–4.26; handscroll; Huang Xiangjian), 90–91, 200, 202–56, 339; de-scription of, 203–8; and Diannan album, 267, 285, 287; and grand view, 239–40, 337; and Huang Kongzhao, 246–56; as illustrated journey, 219–20, 230; labeled locations on, 211; pictorial narrative of, 209–20; readings of, 14–15, 203, 209, 215, 219, 220, 230, 242–43

self, the, 315, 316, 318, 326, 332self-cultivation, 333, 334Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, 296Sha Dingzhou 沙定洲 (1621–62), 100, 153,

356–57, 428nn29–31, 430n58Shadows of Mount Huang (Cahill), 3Shandao 善導 (613–81), 243Shang Lu 商輅 (1414–86), 245Shangqing school (Daoism), 244Shanhai jing. See Mountains and Seas ClassicShao Changheng 邵長蘅 (1637–1704), 400n85Shao Mi 邵彌 (ca. 1595–ca. 1642), 398n51Shen 沈 (friend of Wang Lü), 122Shen Defu 沈德符 (1578–1642), 20Shen Shichong 沈士充 (fl. ca. 1607–after

1640), 290Shen Shixing 申時行 (1535–1614), 79, 81, 82,

83, 84Shen Wan 沈完, 32Shen Yue 沈約 (441–513), 8Shen Zhou 沈周 (1427–1509), 22, 178, 238, 297Shen Zuxiao 沈祖孝 (ca. 17th c.), 151Sheng Maoye 盛茂燁 (act. ca. 1594–1640), 74Sheng’en 聖恩 Monastery, 57–58shengji 勝跡 (traces of glory), 259, 329


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shenyuan 深遠 (deep distance), 238Shi Minwang, 22Shi Qikun, 429n40Shi Qipeng 史起鵬 (Shi Qikun 史起鵾), 359,

429n40shih (shi) 士 (knight), 332Shiji. See Records of the HistorianShilin Zhenji 獅林震濟 (act. 1696), 343,

419n1, 430n56Shitao 石濤 (Daoji 道濟; 1642–1707), 158, 293,

424n49Shuicheng tu. See Journey by WaterShuihu houzhuan. See Water Margin: A

SequelShu jing. See Book of DocumentsShunzhi emperor, 151Sibianlu. See SpeculationsSima Qian 司馬遷 (ca. 145–ca. 86 BCE), 245,

338. See also Records of the HistorianSinan 思南, 193, 371, 373site identification, 217, 226, 414n7; in Mount

Jizu, 211–12, 214–15, 219, 249; in southwest, 306, 307

Six Canons, 92–93Six Disciples at the Gates of Yang (Yangmen

liu xueshi 楊門六學士), 419n11Sixteen Views of Mount Huang (album; Mei

Qing), 9Sixteen Visualizations of Queen Vaidehī

(Cave 45, Mogao Grottoes), 243Snow on Yao Peak (fig. 1.16, album leaf;

Zhang Hong), 38, 42, 44, 58Snowy Mountains. See [Jade Dragon] Snowy

Mountainssocial networks, 22, 23, 92, 149; and filial

campaign, 165, 199–200; in Suzhou, 18, 90social status, 2, 14; and Diannan album, 258;

and Filial Son title, 162, 170–71; and grand view, 230–31; and honorific paintings, 36, 89–90; of Huang family, 147–48; and Mount Jizu, 246–47, 253, 254

social structure: in Mount Jizu, 247–48; in Suzhou, 18–20, 22, 23

Society of Escape of Wuzhong (Wuzhong taoshe 吳中逃社), 151

Society of Hope of Huaiyang (Huaiyang wangshe 淮陽望社), 151

Society of the Eight Poets of West Lake (Xihu bazishe 西湖八子社), 151

Society of the Nine Poets of South Lake (Nanhu jiuzishe 南湖九子社), 151

Song Xu 宋旭 (1525–1605), 238Song History (Songshu 宋書), 8“Song of Gratitude Recording My Punish-

ment of Banishment to Dian” (En qianxu Dian jixing 恩遣戍滇紀行; poem; Yang Shen), 118, 297

“Song of Qiu Hu” (Qiu Hu xing 秋胡行; Cao Cao), 231

Songshu. See Song History“Songs of Dian Lake” (Dianhai qu 滇海曲;

Yang Shen), 288, 308Songs of the South (Chu ci 楚辭), 231Sound of Pines on a Mountain Path (paint-

ing; Tang Yin), 298southwest China, 1–2; gazetteers of, 96, 119,

193, 213, 303, 304, 306, 307, 328, 329; and Guan Suo, 176–77, 184; Huang Xiangjian’s paintings of, 21, 91, 95–160; inscriptions on, 195–96; and landscape painting tra-ditions, 119, 303; maps of, 303; Ming con-ceptions of, 96; poetry on, 118, 119, 177–78, 260, 297, 305; strangeness of, 194–96; topography of, 259–86; travel accounts of, 12, 96, 118, 119–20, 263, 308

Speculations (Sibianlu 思辨錄; Lu Shiyi), 185Spring Dawn at Panchi (fig. 1.12; album leaf;

Zhang Hong), 38, 39, 41, 57Spring Festival on the River (Qingming

shanghe tu 清明上河圖; painting; Zhang Zeduan), 35, 397n40

Stendhal, 334Stone Cave and Indented Peak (figs. 5.4, 5.12,

5.16; Diannan album leaf 4; Huang Xiang-jian), 259, 276, 285, 289, 323; composition of, 277–78, 280–81, 284; figure in, 297; inscription on, 265–66, 275, 279, 293; and Wang Yangming, 319, 320–21, 322

Stone Cliff at the Pond of Heaven (fig. 1.17; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 39, 42, 45, 52

Stone Cliffs of Jianchuan (figs. 5.3, 5.11, 5.18; Diannan album leaf 3; Huang Xiangjian), 259, 264, 276, 277, 280, 289, 291, 296; com-position of, 282–84; inscription on, 268, 274, 279, 306, 317, 329


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Stone Lake (fig. 1.14; album leaf; Yuan Shang-tong), 38, 42, 43, 60, 64, 120, 217, 219, 286

Stone Lake (fig. 1.33; album leaf; Zhang Hong), 60, 62, 64, 217, 219

Stone Lake (Shihu 石湖), 26, 30, 38, 76, 217, 219; and perspective, 286; photograph of (fig. 1.34), 60, 63; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.41), 64, 71; visual codes for, 63, 64

Story of Hua Guan Suo (Hua Guan Suo zhuan 花關索傳), 176, 184

Strange Views Within the [Four] Seas (Hainei qiguan 海內奇觀; Yang Erzeng), 213–14, 239, 240, 252, 303

Strassburg, Richard, 300Stream in Guizhou, A (fig. 3.12; album leaf;

Huang Xiangjian), 189, 190Struve, Lynn, 12, 150Stuer, Catherine, 3Sturman, Peter, 239, 296style, painting, 10, 189–90; of Huang Xiang-

jian, 21–22, 121–22, 197, 203, 286; of Qian Gong, 85–86, 88; of Wang Lü, 122

Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037–1101), 296, 432n67Summary of Dian (Dianlüe 滇略; Xie

Zhaozhe), 213“Summons of the Soul” (Zhao hun 招魂;

Chu ci), 231Sun Chunyang 孫春陽 (late 16th c.), 77Sun Chuo 孫綽 (ca. 310–97), 231Sun Kewang 孫可望 (d. 1660), 100, 153,

356–57, 427n23, 428n31, 428n36, 430n58, 431n60, 432n66

Sun Shijing 孫士勍, 363Sun Zhi 孫枝 (ca. 1535–ca. 1601), 27, 85,

397n29Supervising Secretary (Jishizhong 給事中),

19, 168Supplemental Collection of Literary Pieces

from the Capital of Wu (Wudu wencui xuji 吳都文粹續集), 37

Sutai guji. See Ancient Sites of SutaiSutai shenglan tu. See Unexcelled Prospects

of SutaiSutai shier jing. See Twelve Views of SutaiSutra on the Sea of the Samādhi of Buddha

Visualization (Guanfo sanmei hai jing 觀佛三昧海經), 243

Sutra on the Visualization of the Buddha Amitāyus (Guan Wuliangshou jing 觀無量

壽經), 243Suzhou: affluence of, 17–18; architecture in, 5,

64; commerce in, 18–19, 91; elites in, 18–20, 22–23, 179; and geo-narratives, 11–12; grand views of, 238; and Huang Xiangjian, 1–2, 17–23, 341–42; Manchu occupation of, 23; map of, 16; painting tradition of, 12–13, 17–93, 63–73, 85, 86, 88, 90–93, 91, 92, 119, 178–79, 316, 341; Qing capture of, 96; and site-specific paintings, 2, 3, 5, 11–12, 23–36; social structure in, 18–20, 22, 23; and southwest, 1, 194; topography of, 285

Suzhou Taishou Kou Shen quren tu. See Paintings for Suzhou Prefect Kou Shen’s Resignation from Office

symbolism, 3, 4, 12, 15; of blue-green landscapes, 209–10; in Diannan album, 258–59, 287–88, 296; and famous-sites paintings, 55; and filial campaign, 163, 200; of grand view, 230–37, 238, 337; in honorific paintings, 33–36; of landscape, 342; Ming-loyalist, 158; in Mount Jizu, 209, 246, 247; of pine trees, 299

Taibai Mountains (Taibaishan tu 太白山圖; handscroll; Wang Meng), 24

Taizhou school, 323Tale of Marriage Destinies That Will Bring

Society to Its Senses (Xingshi yinyuan zhuan 醒世姻緣傳), 234

Tang Renyu 唐人玉 (1608–80), 400n82Tang Xianke 唐獻可 (b. ca. 1577), 400n82Tang Yin 唐寅 (1470–1524), 85, 244, 288, 298,

396n21, 397n36Tang 唐 family, 75Tao Hongzuo 陶鴻祚 (Yugu Daoren 愚古

道人; 1610–74), 155, 156, 163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 171

Tao Qian. See Tao YuanmingTao Yuanming 陶淵明 (Tao Qian 陶潛;

365–427), 210, 288–89, 290, 417n93Taozhi meng. See League of FugitivesTaylor, Rodney, 333, 334, 336Ten Scenes of Yue, 9“ten-thousand li” (wanli 萬里), 169–70


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Ten-Thousand Li in Search of My Parents (Wanli xunqin tu 萬里尋親圖; album; Huang Xiangjian; Suzhou Museum), 102, 103, 104, 107–8, 110, 113, 115, 117, 126, 131, 138, 143, 147, 175, 182, 186, 187, 188. See also Baikoupo; Jiming Pass; Li Peak Station; Mahage; Northern Foot of Mount Jizu; Pan River; Passing Laishipo; Qinglang Military Station Town; Scenic Frontier of Yunnan; Wusheng Pass; Xiang River; Xiangshui Pass

Ten-Thousand Li in Search of My Parents (Wanli xunqin tu 萬里尋親圖; figs. 2.21, 2.33; hanging scroll; Huang Xiangjian; Suzhou Museum), 131, 134, 147, 148

Ten-Thousand Tablets of Mount Tianping (fig. 1.4; album leaf; Zhu Zhi), 25, 26, 32, 246

Ten Views of Gusu (Gusu shi jing 姑蘇十景; album; Bian Wenyu), 398n51

Ten Views of Gusu (Gusu shi jing 姑蘇十景; album; Wen Boren), 74, 398n51

Thousand Man Rock (fig. 1.36), 46, 55, 64, 66Thousand Mountains and Distant Water, A

(Qianshan yuanshui tu 千山遠水圖; figs. 1.35–1.43; handscroll; Zhang Hong), 64–73, 75, 78, 219, 286, 398n51, 399n58, 400n76, 420n17

Tianshun emperor (Yingzong; r. 1457–64), 213

Tiantong 天童 Monastery, 24, 165, 199Tiger Hill (Huqiu 虎丘), 3, 22, 26, 37, 38, 50,

51, 55, 75, 285, 286; grand views from, 238; literary societies at, 151; photograph of (fig. 1.23), 50; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.36), 64, 66; visual codes for, 63

Tiger Hill (Huqiu 虎丘; fig. 1.5; album leaf; Sun Zhi), 26, 27, 38, 246

Tiger Hill (Huqiu 虎丘; fig. 1.10; album leaf; Yuan Shangtong), 38, 39, 46, 53

Tiger Hill (Huqiu 虎丘; fig. 5.17; album leaf; Zhang Fengyi), 286, 287

topography: coded, 63–64, 63–73, 78, 91, 210, 217, 219, 220, 329; cultural, 287–314, 315, 316, 340, 342; Daoist, 122; experience of, 9; in famous-sites paintings, 38, 50, 55, 63–73,

78, 217, 219; and filial piety, 172, 173, 176; and fund-raising, 92; in geo-narratives, 6–7, 11, 88–89; and heroic action, 192; in honorific paintings, 30, 31, 33, 34; and Huang Xiangjian, 98, 118; in Mount Jizu, 203, 209, 210, 215, 220; mythical, 306; nar-rative, 312; national, 398n47; otherworldly, 317; personal, 258, 313–14, 315–40, 342; physical, 315, 316, 340, 342; and site-specific paintings, 3–4, 5; of southwest, 259–86; in Thousand Mountains, 64; visualization of, 242–43

“To Revive an Ancient Monastery” (Gucha zhong xing 古刹重興; Wang Zhideng), 79

Törmä, Minna, 7tourism, 86, 212, 305, 308, 330; and

famous-sites paintings, 51, 58, 60, 77traces. See ji; shengjitravel: in geo-narratives, 9–10; by officials,

24, 95, 139, 156–57, 169–70, 171, 177, 178, 239, 247, 296–97, 317; to sites of paintings, 4–5

travel accounts (youji 遊記), 2, 4, 7; as biog-raphies, 233–34; Diancang Mountains in, 240, 260–62, 305, 306, 307–10, 364; and experience, 194; and filial-piety tales, 167, 168; and grand view, 232, 234; heroism in, 184; by Huang Xiangjian, 93, 120, 148, 166, 316, 319, 341; and inscriptions, 343–44; of southwest, 12, 96, 118, 119–20, 263, 308; as spiritual autobiographies, 335–36; themes of, 166; by Wang Lü, 122; by Xu Xiake, 327–28. See also particular accounts

Travel Records of Filial Son Huang (Huang Xiaozi jicheng 黃孝子紀程; Huang Xiang-jian), 1, 14, 152, 163, 164, 165, 185, 209

Treatise on the Eight Strategies (Bazhen faming 八陣發明; Lu Shiyi), 411n98

“Tribute of Yu” (Yu gong 禹貢; Book of Doc-uments), 228

Tu Wei-ming, 322, 333, 336, 393n12“Tuan Commentary” (Tuan zhuan 彖傳;

Book of Changes), 234tuanyuan 團圓 (reunion), 172Tus.ita Buddhist Shrine (Doushuai’an 兜率

庵), 212, 214, 418n128


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Twelve Views of Sutai (Sutai shier jing 蘇臺十

二景; album; Yuan Shangtong), 38–39, 42, 43, 52, 53, 58, 59, 398n51, 404n36

Twelve Views of Sutai (Sutai shier jing 蘇臺十

二景; album; Zhang Hong), 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54, 56, 61, 62, 75, 398n51, 399n64

Two Mountains of Dongting (Dongting liang-shan tu 洞庭兩山圖; album; Tang Yin), 85

Unexcelled Prospects of Sutai (Sutai shenglan tu 蘇臺勝覽圖; album; Shao Mi), 398n51, 404n36

Unexcelled Prospects of Wu (Wuzhong shenglan tu 吳中勝覽圖; album; Zhang Hong), 75–76, 398n51, 400n84

Union Over Ten-Thousand Li (Wanli yuan 萬里圓; play; Li Yu), 200

Universally Scenic Bridge (Pusheng qiao 普勝橋), 212, 418n127

Vast Assembly Monastery (Haihuisi 海會寺), 212, 254, 418n128, 418n134

Venerable Friends (painting; Xiang Shengmo and Zhang Qi), 254

Vinograd, Richard, 6, 258, 414n33visualization, 15, 118, 203, 230, 239, 242–46,

254, 325; and Buddhism, 243, 244–45; and historical narratives, 245–46

Waicheng 外城 Canal, 52; in Thousand Mountains (fig. 1.35), 64, 65, 78, 219, 286

Wan Shouqi 萬壽祺 (1603–52), 151, 407n83, 421n67

Wang Anshi 王安石 (1021–86), 296Wang Ao 王鏊 (jinshi 1475; 1450–1524), 85,

402n113Wang Eryu 王爾玉, 366Wang, Eugene, 6, 243–44Wang Fu 王紱 (1362–1416), 258Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–92), 159Wang Kunhua 王崑華, 367Wang Lü 王履 (ca. 1332–91), 2, 9, 10, 122–23,

238Wang Meng 王蒙 (ca. 1301–85), 24, 258,

397n37

Wang Min 王珉, 55Wang Qi 王錡 (1433–99), 17, 77Wang Qujun 王璩峻, 396n28Wang Sheng 王升, 307Wang Shipeng 王十朋 (1112–71), 289Wang Shixing 王士性 (1547–98), 118, 212–13,

214, 215–16, 217, 219, 222, 403n17, 422n93; and Diannan album, 260, 262–63, 305, 307, 308, 309, 310; and grand view, 237, 239, 240

Wang Shizhen 王世貞 (1526–90), 24, 82, 85, 338, 401n103, 402n117

Wang Shizhen 王士禎 (1634–1711), 306Wang Shouren. See Wang YangmingWang Wei 王維 (701–61), 8, 256Wang Xingyi 王性一, 366Wang Xun 王珣, 55Wang Yangming 王陽明 (Wang Shouren 王守仁; 1472–1529), 166, 244, 245; and Bud-dhism, 323, 326; and grand view, 336–37; and Huang Kongzhao, 318–23

Wang Yongbin 王用賔, 358, 366–67, 430n57Wang Yuan 王源 (1648–1710), 184–85Wang Yuan 王原, 361, 429n44Wang Yumin 王雨民, 345, 359, 360, 361, 366,

426n5, 429n41Wang Zhideng 王穉登 (1535–1612), 79, 80, 81,

82, 83, 84, 86, 398n48Wangchuan 輞川 Villa, 8wanli guiren 萬里歸人 (man who returned

home ten-thousand li), 170Wanli Guizhou tongzhi. See Comprehensive

Guizhou Gazetteer of the Wanli ReignWanli xunqin tu. See Ten-Thousand Li in

Search of My ParentsWanli yuan. See Union Over Ten-Thousand LiWard, Julian, 12, 119, 213Watching a Waterfall (fig. 1.1; fan; Huang

Xiangjian), 20Water Margin, 316Water Margin: A Sequel (Shuihu houzhuan 水滸後傅; Chen Chen), 292

Watermill (Shuideng 水磴), 211, 225, 248, 418n127; in Mount Jizu, 248, 251–52

Wei Shizhong 魏時中 (act. 17th c.), 76Wei Zhongxian 魏忠賢 (1568–1627), 153,

431n62


glossa ry - in dex

— 478 —

Weiqing 威清 region, 116, 183, 269, 320, 321, 324, 352, 372, 373

Wen Boren 文伯仁 (1502–75), 74, 85, 398n48, 398n51

Wen Chongguang 文寵光, 75Wen Congchang 文從昌 (1541–1616), 75, 78,

400n92Wen Congjian 文從簡 (1574–1648), 75Wen Dian 文點 (1633–1704), 74Wen Jia 文嘉 (1501–83), 22, 85, 396n20Wen Jieshi 文介石 (Wen Zuyao 文祖堯;

1598–1661), 154, 156, 157, 163, 199, 368, 407n100, 407n102

Wen Kunzhong 文昆仲, 368Wen Lin 文林 (1445–99), 22Wen Qianguang 文謙光, 75Wen Ruilin 溫睿臨 (fl. 1690–1710), 184Wen Zhengming 文徵明 (1470–1559), 22, 74,

82, 85, 178, 401n103Wen Zhenheng 文震亨 (1585–1645), 75Wen Zhenmeng 文震孟 (1574–1636), 35, 75,

81, 84Wen Zuyao. See Wen JieshiWest Mountain (Xishan 西山; Hunan), 232White Deer Grotto Academy (Bailudong

Shuyuan 白鹿洞書院), 297–98White Stone Cave (Baishi dong 白石洞), 211,

418n129White Stone Precipice (Baishi ya 白石厓),

211, 225, 226, 229, 418n129Widmer, Ellen, 151, 292, 293Wiens, Herold J., 12Wilhelm, Richard, 234Wind in the Pines and Flowing Streams

(painting; Tang Yin), 298Wind in the Pines at Mount Gouqu (paint-

ing; Zhang Hong), 286“Wind-in-The-Pines Pavilion” (Songfengge ji 松風閣記; essay; Liu Ji), 298

World Around the Chinese Artist, The (Ed-wards), 3

woyou. See “roam while reclining”Wu Bikui 吾必奎, 356, 428n29Wu, Emperor (r. 140–87 BCE; Han dynasty),

235, 328Wu Guolun 吳國倫 (1524–93), 177

Wu Hufan 吳湖帆 (1894–1968), 419n1Wu Jiaji 吳嘉記 (1618–84), 158, 166Wu Jiang, 244, 323Wu, King of, 55Wu Ling 吳令 (act. ca. 1637–71), 74Wu, Pei-yi, 234, 315, 335, 416n87Wu Sangui 吳三桂 (1612–78), 420n31Wu Weiye 吳偉業 (1609–72), 151, 158, 200,

407n102Wu Yun 吳雲 (1811–83), 81Wu Zhaoyuan 吳兆元, 368Wu Zhen 吳鎮 (1280–1354), 10, 81, 82, 212Wudu wencui xuji. See Supplemental Col-

lection of Literary Pieces from the Capital of Wu

Wu Liang Shrine, 166, 178Wulong Cave (fig. 2.30; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 139, 144Wu school, 22, 88, 178Wusheng Pass (fig. 2.11; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 109, 115, 139, 187, 189, 192, 374Wusheng 武勝 Pass, 374Wuyue youcao. See Drafts of Travels to the

Five Sacred MountainsWuzhong shenglan tu. See Unexcelled Pros-

pects of WuWuzhong taoshe. See Society of Escape of

WuzhongWuzhu 無住 (Hongru 洪如), 362, 430n47Wuzong, Emperor, 318Wu 烏 Village (figs. 2.22–2.23; painting;

Huang Xiangjian), 131, 135, 136

Xia Zuxun 夏祖訓, 368Xiacang 下倉, 211, 217, 218, 225, 418n127Xiaguan 下關, 304Xiang Shengmo 項聖謨 (1597–1658), 254Xiang 湘 River, 174, 347, 379Xiang River (fig. 3.3; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 174, 175, 179Xiangshui Pass (fig. 2.9; album leaf; Huang

Xiangjian), 109, 113, 116, 179, 180, 187Xiangshui 響水 Pass, 116, 180, 183, 369Xiangxuehai 香雪海 (Sea of Fragrant Snow),

58Xiangyang 襄陽 (Hubei), 397n35


glossa ry - in dex

— 479 —

xiao 孝. See filial pietyXiao Yuncong 蕭雲從 (1596–1673), 11Xiao jing. See Classic of Filial PietyXiaojing yanyi. See Exploration and Amplifi-

cation of the Classic of Filial PietyXiaoqing 曉青 (1629–90), 419n1Xiao Xiang region, 3. See also Eight Views of

Xiao Xiang; Rare Views of Xiao-XiangXi Dongtingshan tu. See Dongting West

MountainXie Dongshan 謝東山 (jinshi 1541), 213, 214,

217, 222, 240, 263Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 (385–433), 299, 325Xie Shichen 謝時臣 (1487–ca. 1560), 85, 121,

404n30, 404n31Xie Zhaozhe 謝肇淛 (jinshi 1592; 1567–1624),

213, 222, 263, 403n17Xihu bazishe. See Society of the Eight Poets

of West Lakexin 心 (mind-and-heart), 320–21, 322Xingtian 性天, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89Xintian 新添, 98, 350Xi Shi 西施 Cave, 60Xixi 西溪, 348Xu Ai 徐愛 (1487–1518), 337Xu Bao 許寶 (act. 16th c.), 254Xu Shidong 徐時棟 (1814–73), 294Xu Xiake 徐霞客 (1587–1641), 9–10, 403n17,

418n130, 427n24, 429n43; and Buddhism, 327–28; and Diancang Mountains, 304, 305, 306, 308; on Mount Jizu, 193, 213, 222, 239; on southwest, 118, 119, 237, 263, 300, 327–28, 329, 330

Xu Xilie 許希烈 (active ca. 1572–1606), 254Xu Yu, 296xue 學, 335, 336Xukou 胥口, 38, 52, 63, 78, 286; in Thousand

Mountains (fig. 1.35), 64, 65Xunqin jicheng tu. See Record of the Journey

in Search of My Parents, AXunzi 荀子 (ca. 340–245 BCE), 335Xu 胥 River, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52; in Thousand

Mountains (fig. 1.35), 64

Yan Peizu 嚴珮祖, 363Yan Qiheng 嚴起恆 (d. 1615), 431n58

Yan Shilong 嚴士龍, 359Yang Bin, 12Yang Erzeng 楊爾曾 (act. early 17th c.), 213Yang Hu 羊祜 (221–78), 232, 233, 397n35Yang Qingtian 楊擎天, 377Yang Shen 楊慎 (1488–1559), 96, 263, 330,

403n17; and Buddhism, 327; and Diannan album, 297, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310; and Mount Jizu, 213, 215, 221, 252; on Peach Blossom Spring, 288; works by, 118, 213, 288, 297, 308, 328

Yang Weizhi 楊畏知 (d. 1651), 153, 156, 356, 367, 428n30, 428n32, 428nn35–36, 431n58

Yang Yinglong 楊應龍, 372Yang Yongyan 楊永言, 357Yang Yuanxun 楊元勳, 379Yanglin 楊林 Post Station, 99, 355–56, 369Yangmen liu xueshi. See Six Disciples at the

Gates of YangYangming 陽明. See Wang YangmingYangming Chan Buddhism, 323, 326Yangming shanren 陽明山人, 320Yangming xiao dongtian 陽明小洞天, 319Yangming zi 陽明子, 322yantian. See “inkstone rice field”Yao, Emperor, 296Yao Jun 姚俊, 397n29Yao Shangde 姚尚德 (jinshi 1586), 81, 83Yaoan 姚安, 222, 224, 317, 325, 350, 358, 359,

366, 426n12Ye Chuchun 葉初春 (jinshi 1580; d. 1622),

81, 84Ye Jiwu 葉繼武 (1615–73), 151Yearning for Father and Mother (painting;

Huang Xiangjian), preface to, 196–97, 198, 200

Yelang 夜郞 region, 116, 187, 372Yellow Court Scriptures (Huangting nei/wai

jing黃庭內/外經), 244yi 異 (extraordinary, strange), 194Yibiwanqing. See “Endless Expanse of Blue”Yijing. See Book of ChangesYili. See Ceremonies and Ritesyimin 逸民 (eremitic subjects), 290, 406n60yimin 遺民 (remnant subjects), 150, 406n60Yingzong. See Tianshun emperor


glossa ry - in dex

— 480 —

yin-yang dualism, 316Yixing 宜興, 26Yiyu tu zhi. See Pictures and Descriptions of

Strange RegionsYongli emperor (Prince of Yongming; r.

1647–62), 100, 420n31; satellite court of, 152, 156, 160, 292

You Diancang shan ji. See Diancang Moun-tains Travel Record; Record of Roaming upon Diancang Mountain

youji 遊記. See travel accountsyouxia. See knight-errantYu Shenxing 于慎行 (1545–1608), 18Yuan Hongdao 袁宏道 (1568–1610), 39–40,

244, 245, 323, 398n45, 399n54Yuan Jiang 袁江 (ca. 1690–1730), 121, 404n31Yuan Shangtong 袁尚統 (1570–after 1661), 74,

77, 78, 396n28, 400n93, 404n36; brush style of, 121; paintings by, 38–39, 42, 43, 46, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 120, 217, 219, 286, 398n51, 404n36; and perspective, 286

Yuan Yao 袁耀 (act. ca. 1739–88), 404n31Yuan dynasty, 223, 230, 239. See also MongolsYue 鋮 (Yuezhi 鋮之), 168yuefu 樂府 poem, 200“Yueyang Tower” (Yueyang lou ji 岳陽樓記),

236, 280, 309, 337, 419n12Yueyang Tower 岳陽樓, 236, 239, 280, 380Yu gong 禹貢. See “Tribute of Yu”Yugu Daoren. See Tao Hongzuo 陶鴻祚

Yuhas, Louise, 121Yuhuatai (album leaf; Shitao), 293Yunnan: and Buddhism, 223; and daguan,

237; in Diannan album, 257–314; as exotic land, 119, 228–29; experience of, 3, 219; gazetteers of, 213, 303, 304, 328, 329; in Han dynasty, 229; hot springs in, 330–31; Huang Kongzhao in, 1, 95, 99–100; Huang Xiangjian in, 1, 17, 102, 163; map of, 94; and Ming dynasty, 152, 153, 223, 230; Ming satellite courts in, 152, 156, 160, 292; Yang Shen in, 213; in Zhou dynasty, 228–29. See also Mount Jizu; southwest China; other specific locations

Yunnan shanchuan zhi. See Gazetteer of the Mountains and Rivers of Yunnan

Yunnan tongzhi 雲南通志 (Li Yuanyang), 303Yunqi Zhuhong 雲棲祩宏 (1535–1615), 245Yunyan 雲巖 Monastery, 55

Zangge 牂牁, 195, 196, 372Zeng Shen 曾參 (505–436 BCE), 332Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597–1689), 74, 77, 159Zhang Fengyi 張鳳儀 (1527–1613), 18, 286,

287, 396n28Zhang Fu 張復 (1546–ca. 1631), 121Zhang Guoshen 張國紳, 81Zhang Hong 張宏 (1577–ca. 1652), 9, 74, 77,

78, 329, 396n28, 399n64; paintings by, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 75–76, 120, 217, 219, 286, 398n51, 400n84; and perspective, 286. See also Thousand Mountains and Distant Water, A; Twelve Views of Sutai

Zhang Jiayin 張佳引, 308Zhang Jie 章碣 (fl. ca. 877), 289Zhang Juzheng 張居正 (1525–82), 236Zhang Mingzhen 張名振 (d. 1656), 152Zhang Qi (act. mid-17th c.), 254Zhang Qian 張騫 (2nd c. BCE), 328Zhang Ru 張儒, 100, 358Zhang Shengwen 張勝溫 (act. 1163–89), 304Zhang Tao 張滔 (act. late-16th c.), 397n29Zhang Xu 張旭 (658–747), 412n129Zhang Yaonian 張堯年, 357Zhang Yuanju 張元舉, 397n29Zhang Yuanshi 張元士, 397n29Zhang Zeduan 張择端 (act. early 12th c.),

397n40Zhang Zongzhen 張宗禎 (Qing dynasty),

419n1Zhao Boju 趙伯駒 (d. ca. 1162), 420n20Zhao Bosu 趙伯驌 (1124–82), 420n20Zhao, King (Zhou dynasty; trad. r. 1052–1001

BCE), 222Zhao Shiyu, 293–94Zhao Xun 趙珣, 364Zhao Zuo 趙左 (ca. 1573–1644), 79Zheng Chenggong 鄭成功 (Coxinga;

1624–62), 152Zheng Hong 鄭弘, 36, 397n43


glossa ry - in dex

— 481 —

Zhennan 鎮南 Subprefecture, 362Zhidun 支遁 (314–66), 59Zhong Xing 鍾惺 (1574–1624), 329zhong 忠. See loyaltyZhongyong. See Doctrine of the MeanZhou Chen 周臣 (ca. 1450–after 1535), 290Zhou Danling 周旦齡 (ca. late 17th c.–ca.

early 18th c.), 120–21, 165, 170, 196, 197, 200, 412n124, 413n145

Zhou Fujun 周復俊 (jinshi 1532; 1496–1573), 213, 240, 263

Zhou Liao 周廫, 152Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629?), 335Zhou Shunchang 周順昌 (posthumously

known as Zhou Zhongjie 周忠介; 1584–1626), 153, 165, 371, 406n81, 431n62

Zhu Hong 諸鴻 (act. before 1739), 413n3Zhu Ming 朱明, 171Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200), 298, 334Zhu Yizun 朱彝尊 (1629–1709), 413n3

Zhu Yuanzhang. See Hongwu emperorZhu Zhengyuan, 402n114Zhu Zhi 朱質, 25, 35, 396n28Zhuanglie, Emperor (Chongzhen; r.

1627–44), 294Zhuangyuan 狀元 Ridge, 183, 346Zhuangzi 莊子, 236Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 (181–234), 184, 263, 306,

327, 410n56; loyalty of, 177, 411n91; south-west campaign of, 129, 191, 268, 317

Zhuge 諸葛 Mountain Range, 147, 149, 180, 191, 359, 366

Zhuowu lunlüe. See Brief Comment on Zhuowu

Zhuyuan. See Bamboo MonasteryZiyang gudong. See “Ancient Cave of Ziyang”Zong Bing 宗炳 (375–443), 7–8, 11, 232,

325–26Zou Zhan 鄒湛, 232, 233Zuoming 祚明 (Gui Zhuang), 154
