Glossary Terms of Paper

8/13/2019 Glossary Terms of Paper

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Indian StandardGLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO PAPERAND PULP BASED PACKAGING MATERIALS

First Revision

ICS 01.040.55; 55.040; 85.080

0 BIS 2001BUREAU OF IN DIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002


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Paper and Pulp Based Packaging Sectional Committee, CHD 16

FOREWORDThis Indian Standard First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalizedby the Paper and Pulp Based Packaging Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical DivisionCouncil.This standard was formulated in 1967 with a view to eliminate ambiguity and confusion arising from differentinterpretation of terms used in paper and pulp based packaging materials trade and establishing a generallyrecognized usage.Because of the changes in the technology since the last thee decades the committee felt an urgent need to revisethe standard to accommodate the terms used presently in the trade and also to modify certain terms in line withInternational Standards.Should there be any difference between the definitions in this glossary and those in the standads for theindividual materials, the later shall prevail.Them is no 1S0 standard on the subject. This standard has been prepared based on indigenous data/ practicesprevalent in the field in India.The composition of the committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.


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IS 4261:2001

Indian StandardGLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO PAPERAND PULP BASED PACKAGING MATERIALSFirst Revision

1 SCOPEThis standard defines the terms relating to a paper andpulp based packaging materials.2 TERMINOLOGY

AAdhesive A substance capable of holding materialstogether by surface attachment.Ash Content The amount of residue of a materialleft after incineration, determined and expressedaccording to the appropriate standard method of test.

BBag A flat or gussetted paper container, with orwithout flaps and sometimes with a pre-formed baseto assist quick opening. It is usually in size to carrymaterials up to 10 kg.Banding Covering the ends and sides of a box orlid with paper glued all over.Basis Weight Grammage) The mass of a unit areaof paper or board determined by the standard methodof test. It is expressed in grams per square metre.Bending Boxes In the production of setup paperboxes, the process of bending or folding scored blanksat the score marks, preliminary to staying or endhg.Blister Local visible deformation of the surface ofa paper or in the coating caused by a bubble producedby the rapid evaporation of water contained in thesheet.Board A generic term applied to certain types ofpaper of frequently characterized by their relativelyhigh rigidity.

NOTES1 In the generic sense the name papr may be used to describeboth paper and board.2 For some puqxxes, materials of grammage less than 225 g/m2are considered to k paper, and materiats of grammage of225 g/m2 or above are considered to be board.

Board Bristol Awell sized board, characterized byits smoothness, stiffness, clean appearance and evenlook-through.

Board, Greaseproof Board which has good tohigh resistance to penetration by grease or fat. Anypaperboard upon which there has been adhered a paperthat is greaseprcwf.Board Machine Coated lso known as Board,Coated)Board that has been given a coating in the fluid formand adhered to surface to improve printability andappearance.Board, Pressing Board specially prepared forforming, by pressing between dies, a substantiallythree-dimensional article, for example, the bottom orlid of a box.Board Stencil Stiff oiled kraft board, meant forperforation to produce bettering and numbers asdesired. The non-perforated portion serves as a maskwhen ink or paint is applied.Box A rigid container having closed faces usedmainly as an exterior container for transportation. Itcan also be a set up box, three-dimensional and rigidin construction having a base and a lid and deliveredin a finished form.Boxboard A class of board frequently lined on oneor both sides, with good folding properties and usedfor making boxes and cartons.Breaking Length The calculated limiting length ofa strip of paper or board of uniform width beyondwhich, if such a strip were suspended by one end, itwould break by its own weight. It is usually expressedin metres.Bulk Density The weight of a unit volume of amaterial expressed in g/cm3. Bulk density is not thetrue density of the material. It is an important factorin the case of powders, granules or lumps withconsiderable air spaces or voids between particles.Burst Factor The quotient of the bursting strengthexpressed in g/cm2) and the substance of paper orboard expressed in g/m2) determined by standardmethods of test see also Bursting Strength).Burst Index The quotient of the bursting strengthexpressed in kilopascals kPa) and the substance1


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IS 4261:2001expressed in g/m2determined by standard methods oftest.Bursting Strength The maximum uniformlydistributed pressure applied at right angles to itssurface that a test piece will stand before it breaksunder the conditions defined in the standard methodsof test.

cCalendered Paper or board to which some degreeof smoothness and gloss has been imparted by passingbetween rolls.Caliper The distance between one surface of boardand the other, when determined by standard method oftest, when a static load is applied.Carton A form of package used as interior packingmade from bending grade of paperboard, corrugatedor solid fibreboard having a thickness between 0.30and 2.00 mm. A carton is never used as an exteriorcontainer for transportation.Case Liner A waterproof bag made to slip insidea rigid container and after scaling, provide waterproofprotection of contents.Cellulose Wadding Loosely textured, absorbentfibrous produce obtained by placing on top of eachother several plies of a loose textured, finely creped,thin fibrous web of high extensibility.Chipboard Board made on a continuous machinemainly from low grade waste paper.Coating The process of covering a paper or boardwith one or more surface layers of a mixture with amineral base. The term is also used when the surfacelayers are cellulose derivatives, vinyl polymers andcopolymers, polyethylene and wax or resin mixes.Composite A container with walls based on afibrous material, for example pulpboard and havingtwo ends of metals.Composite Can A rigid container with the bodymade of fibre board and one or book ends of metals,plastic or other material.Composite Container A container which employsdifferent materials or its main structural partsincluding the ends. A rigid container with the bodymade of fibre board and one or both ends of metal,plastic or other material.Container Any receptacle which holds, restrainsor encloses any article or commodity or articles orcommodities to be stored or transported.Corrugated Fibreboard Fibreboard consisting ofone or more sheets of fluted paper stuck to a flat sheet

of paper in between separate sheets, usually of kraft.This haa the following classifications:a)

b)

Single Face C wgated Fibreboard Boardmade upon one sheet of fluted paper stuck toone sheet of paper or facing.Single Wall Corrugated Fibreboard alsoknow as Double Face) Board made up ofa sheet of fluted paper stuck between twosheets of paper or facing.

Corrugation lso known as Flute) It is theconfiguration of fluting. Particulars of the mostcommonly used flutes are as undenFlute Approximate Height of

Corrugations Corrugationper 30 cm xclusive of

Liner), mmA flute Coarse) 32 to 38 4.5 to 4.7B flute Fine) 50 to 56 2.1 to 2.8C flute Medium) 38 to 44 3.6 to 3.8Crease Carton An indentation in the board to givethe line of fold.Crease Line or mwk made in a sheet of anymaterial, usually for the purpose of providing abending line.Creping The process of producing minutecorrugation or folds in sheet material so that the sheetcan be stretched to a considerable extent withouttearing.crimpTo fold in squeeze or tighten by a series ofcorrugation so as to hold one part against another.Crimp Seal-A method of heat sealing thermoplasticcoated papers or thermoplastic films with pressureexerted by knurl wheels or bars having a corrugatedsurface.Crimp Wrapping A method of wrapping in whichthe wrapper is heat sealed and crimped at both ends byserrated dies which are heated by electric cartridgeheaters. It is suitable for any heat-sealable wrappingmaterial.Cross-Dhction-The direction in the plane of paperat right angles to the machine directions.Cushioning Material The material applied tomitigate shock to protect surfaces from abrasion or toposition an article or to satisfy all these conditions.Cushioning Test A test for measuring the shockabsorbed by amaterial with the help of a cushion meterby permitting blocks of various weights and shapes tofall upon it, with cushion meter head attached.

DDie-Cut A method of preparation in which a partof container has been cut slotted and/or scored bycustom-made dies.


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IS 4261:2001Kraft Paper Paper of high mechanical strengthmade entirely from self word unbleached sulphatepulp.Kraft Pulp Unbleached sulphate pulp of highmechanical strength used for the manufacture of kraftpaper see also Kraft Paper).

.LLambert A tibreboard case consisting of one ortwo creased sheets placed within an outer sleeve towhich it is they are) stitched or taped. The outersleeve forms the body and the creased sheet s) form s)the bottom and lid, and at the same time strengthen s)the sides.Laminate The product made by binding togethertwo or more layers of material or materials.Lamination The operation of combining, bymeansof an appropriate material that possesses the necessatyadhesive properties, the whole of the surface s)of apaper or board with other suitable sheet materials.Liner A generic term for any paper or boardintended for covering another paper or board materialby adhesion to become a part of the finished product.

NOTE This term include paper smd board intended to bestruck to the flutes in corrugated fibreboard.

Liner Board Paperboard used for flat facing incorrugated fibreboard, also as the outer ply or plies ofsolid fibreboard.

MMachine Direction The direction in a paper orboard corresponding to the direction of travel of theweb on the paper or board machine.Machine Finished M.F.) Paper or board treatedmechanically on a paper machine to obtain a smootherand more uniform appearance on both sides than thaton the unfinished paper.Machine Glazed M.G.) Paper or board one sideof which has been made smooth and glossy by dryingon a heated, polished, polished metal cylinder,forming part of the drying section of the machine. Theother side remains relatively rough.Manufacturers Joint The same of a corrugatedfibreboard box which is joined together by themanufacturer by taping, stitching or gluing.Millboard A generic term for a homogeneousboard made usually from mixed waste paper on anintermittent.Mixed Waste Paper Pieces of paper or board thatmay be reclaimed after use or from a concertingprocess for re-ptdping and making again into paper orboard.

Moisture Proof Offering high resistance topassage or absorption of water vapours.

0One-piece Case A fibreboard case, with onemanufacturers joint, constructed as a completesleeve) top and bottom, each being formed by fourflaps. The inner flaps may meet or have a gap betweenthem which the outer ones may meet or overlap eitherpartially or completely.Overwrap A complete wrapping over one or morepacks.

PPackage The product of a complete series ofpackaging operations or a unit consisting of a numberof such products.Package Life The comparative or estimated periodassessed under standard test or simulated marketingconditions of temperature and humidity over which apackage would allow the contents to remainsatisfactory or saleable by providing resistance againstthe transmission of moisture, atmospheric gases andodours which cause physical, physico-chemical,micro-biological, chemical and enzymetic changes inthe packed goods.Packaging The art of and operations involved inthe preparation of articles or commodities for carriage,storage and delivery to the consumer.Packet Same as Package.Packing The operation of packaging by whicharticles or commodities are enveloped in wrappingand/or enclosed in containers or otherwise secured.Paper A generic term for all kinds of matter andfelted sheets of fibre usually vegerable) formed on afine wire screen from a water suspension.

NOTE The distinction between paper and board is primarilymade on the basis of the characteristics of a material and in somecases its use. Ckmerall y speaking paper is lighter in basis weight,thinner and more flexible than board.

Paper, Acid-Free Paper which does not containany free acid; also a paper having a pH value of notless than 6.Paper, Anti Tarnish A paper used for wrappingsilverware, aluminium goods, leaded glass, hardware,razorblocks, needles, etc.It is relatively free from acids, alkalies and sulphur.The pulp used could be sulphite or sulphate.Sometimes copper saltsor inhibitors, including vapourphase inhibitors are used.Paper, Asphalt-Laminated Kraft Two sheets ofkraft paper bonded together with a middle layer of


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asphalt giving thebarrier qualities.Paper, Coated

combined sheets special waterPaper which has undergone a

coating process on one or both sides.Paper, Creped Paper that has been subjected tocreping see also Creping).Paper, Flint-Finished Acoated paper to which hasbeen imparted a brilliant polish by rubbing a smoothstone called, Flint stone over the surface. It is usedfor box coverings, labels, greeting cards, etc.Paper, Foil A paper laminated with metal foil.Paper, Greaseproof Paper free from mechanicalpulp and having a high resistance to penetration bygrease. This resistance is obtained by producinghighly hydrated pulp which also gives the paper thgappearance of vegetable parchment.Paper Laminated Any laminated structure inwhich at least one ply is paper.Paper, Mat-Coated A dull mat finish coated paperproduced on a roll or brush coating machine, generallyproduced on a sulphite base stock.Paper, Metal-Coated Paper coated with metalpowders.Paper, Metallic Paper to which metallic tints havebeen given.Paper, Mica-Coated A paper coated with groundmica in a suitable adhesive to give it a sparklingappearance.Paper, Processed A paper that is glazed embossed,impregnated or treated for a specific end use.Paper, Pyroxylin-Coated A water-repellantpyroxlin lacquer coated paper produced in gold,platinum and copper-coloured metallic andnon-metallic colours. It is used for box covers,greeting cards, food wrappers, etc.Paper, Textile A general term for strong wrappingpapers of various weights, colours and furnishes, it isused for wrapping bulk textiles.Paper, Wax Sulphite or sulphate paper containingwax. The wax may be applied either in the form ofwax emulsion in the beaters or as an impregnation andsurface coating or both after the paper is made.Paperboard Commonly known as Pulp Board itis a board manufactured in one thickness or bybringing two or more plies of the same furnish into asingle structure in the wet state without adhesive.Pasted Board Board produced by pasting sheetswith an adhesive in subsequent operation as distinctfrom the material produced by pressing together inwetstate without the use of an adhesive.

IS 4261:2001Ply of Paper or Board Fibrous web of consistentcomposition formed on the wire of the paper or boardmaking machine.Porosity The ratio of the volume of the intersticesof the material to the volume of the mass; also the rateof air movement through a test specimen.Powder Pocket A pocket or bag made by specialcutting and folding of the comers designed to preventspillage of powders or granular substances.Pressure-Sensitive Tape A tape which utilizesadhesives that adhere by simple contact and do not relyon physical or chemical change for adhesion. It isusually a strip of paper, fabric or flexible film coatedwith a pressure sensitive adhesive which is normallysupplied in rolled form. These are also known asSelf-Adhesive Tapes.Pulp Board See Paperboard.

RRet- Any portion of container head or bodywhich, for some purpose, is pressed into a planedifferent from the contour of the head or body ingeneral. Area around fittings is often recessed.Recess is also sometimes referred to as pocketing .Ring Crush Test A test which measures thestiffness or rigidity of paper to edgewise crushing. Itis particularly valuable in estimating the rigidity ofuncombined liners and corrugated materials beforethey are made into board.

sSack Paper A flat paper container, normally oftwo or more plies, that is, separate sheets, with orwithout a gusset. It is generally made for weights of25 to 50 kg, although sacks are made for weights aslow as 5 kg.Satchel Bag A gussetted tube with a bottom closedby turning up this tube and gumming the turning up tothe outside of the bag so formed.Score A light incision partially through thethickness of a board, usually to facilitate folding.Sealing A method of providing additional securityto a wrapping or container with the object of retainingthe contents and protecting them against factorscausing deterioration of loss.Seam A line ofjunction of the edges of flaps andlora container at which the sealing of the closure isaffected.Self-Adhesive Tape See Pressure-SensitiveTape.Set-Up Box A container of rigid constructionformed or set-up ready for use, as distinguished from


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IS 4261:2001a folding carton; also shipping container of corrugated Substance Same as BasisWeight.or solid fibreboard.Setting Time The period clasping between Tapplication of the adhesive and the moment when the Tensile Strength The maximum tensile force thatjoint is sufficiently firm to handle temporarily. a test piece will stand befote it breaks under theShelf Life Same as Package Life. conditions defined in the standard method of test..Shell A sheet of corrugated or solid fibreboard uSue aPer Thin, soft light weight paper madescored and folded to form a joined or unjoined tube from strong cellulose fibrous materials and of aopen at both ends. substance usually between 12 and 30 g/m2.Shipping Container A container which is Top Side The face of a web or sheet of paper orsufficiently strong to be used in commerce for board opposite to the wire side.packing, storing and shipping commodities. NOTE This term is not necessarily relevant to paper formedbetween two wires.Shrinkage The difference in dimensions,expressed in cm per cm, between a moulding and the vmould cavity inwhich it was moulded, both the mould Vapour-Phase Inhibitor Paper Paper which hasand the moulding being at normal room temperature ken tma~ with ~ inhibitor, va~ur from which willwhen measured. provide, protection against corrosion for ferrousSizing The addition of materials either to the stock metals in proximity to it.engine sizing) or to the surface of the Paper or ~~d VW~b~ P=chment Paper that has acquired, bysurface sizing) in order to increase its resistance to thepenetration of aqueous liquids, particularly writing the action of sulphuric acid, a continuous texture. Thistexture gives it a high degree of resistance toink, and to surface spreading of such liquids. penetration by grease and render it resistant toSkillet A plain, glue-end carton, that is intended to disintegration by water even at boiling point.be overwrapped.Solid Fibreboard Pasted or laminated board of w.heavy substance, usually with a kraft facing on one or Waterproof Paper Paper offering high resistanceboth sides in addition to the plies. to the passage .or absorption of water.Spiral Winding A style of continuous angularwinding to make a tube having the various pilespartially overlapping one another.Strawboard Board made from partially cookedstraw, bagasse or grass or a mixture of these used forcorrugating medium because of its high rigidity.Stretch Extensibility of paper or board undertension. It is usually determined in tensile testingequipment and is recorded as the percentage ofextension before the sheet breaks.

Web The continuous length of paper of boardduring manufacture or conversion.Wme Side The face of a web or sheet of paper orboard which was in contact with the forming wireduring manufacture.

NOTE This term is notnecessarilyelevant to paper formedbetween two wires.

WrappingT~ue-Thin, soft, relatively tough papergenerally intended for packaging delicate articles. Itssubstance is between 12 and 30 g/m2.


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ANNEX A Foreword

COMMITTEE COMPOSITIONPaper and Pulp Based Packaging Sectional Committee, CHD 16

Organizations Representative s)Indian Institute of Packaging, Mumbai SHRIP. V. NARAYANANChairmanAll India PaDer Allied Products Manufacturers Association. Mumbai SHRIA. S. NARAYANANAll lndia S;all Paper Mills Association, MumbaiBalkrrpur Industries Limited, New DelhiB A Multiwall Packaging Limited, KolkataCard Board Box Manufacturing Co, KolkataCentral Pulp Mills, SongadCentral Pulp Paper Research Institute, SaharanpurDirectorate General of Supplies Dkposals, New DelhiFederation of Biscuit Manufacturers Association, New DelhiFederation of Corrugated Box Manufacturers of India, MumbaiForest Research Institute Colleges, Debra DunHindustan Liver Limited, Mumbai

India Foils L]mited, KolkataIndian Agro Paper Mills Association, New DelhiIndian Institute of Packaging, MumbaiIndian Oil Corporation, FaridabadIndian Paper Manufacturers Association, KolkataIndian Pulp Paper Technical Association, SaharanpurLT.C. Limited, KolkataJute Technological Research Laboratory, KolkataL T Limited, MumbaiMetal Box Company of India Limited, KolkataMinistry of Defence DGQA), New DelhiMinistry of Defence DRDO), New DelhiNational Alliance of Young Enterpreneurs, New DelhiNestle India Limited, New DelhiPesticides Association of India Limited, New DelhiProcter Gamble Limited, MumbaiRanbaxy Laboratories Limited, New DelhiSkan Packaging Consultants, New DelhiTELCO, Jamshedpur .BIS Directorate General

SHRIAMBRISHBHARGAVASHRISANIAYVERMAAlternate)

SHRIA. C. TANEIASHRIS. SHARMAAlternate)

SHRIB. S. CHATTERJEESHRIA. CHOWDHURYAlternate)

SHRJA. Q. AJMERASHRJS. B. AJMERAAlternate)

SHRIRAJIVSHAHSHRIN. K. AGARWALAlternate)

DRS. K. KAPGGRSHRJY. V. SOODAlternate)

SHRJV. BALASUBRAMANJAMSHSUH. M. RATHIAlternate)

DRK. L.GABASHRIK. C. GUPTAAlternate)

SHRJP. D. SHAHSHRIM. L. MEHRAAlternate)

DRRtTADHAWANSHRIS. MAHAJANAlternate)

SHRIM. K. LAHIRISHRIA. ROYAlternate)

SHRID. K. BORALSHRJB. BOSEAlternate)

SHRIJ. S. MATHARUSHRIK. B. GUPTASHRIL P. NARANG

SHRIS. K. GUPTAAlternate)SHRIM. V. G. RAO

SHRIMANOJDrmr Alternate)DRM. B. JAUHARJ

DRA. G. KULKARNIAkernate)SHRIP. P. StNGH

SHRJP. K. VUAYANATHANAlternate)DRS. N. PANDEY

DRA. DEY Alternate)SHRIP. R. KOTHARJSHRJR. P. SOGCHAKAlternate)

REPRESENTATIVESHRJK. K. GHAI

SHRIJ. K. SJNHAAlternate)SHRIANILAGGARWAL

SHRIS. N. SRWASTAVAAlternate)REPRESENTATtVESHRIV. K. SOOD

SHRIV. K. GERAAlternate)SHRJDEEPAKKUMAR

SHRJD. DEBAlternate)REPRESSNTATWEREptt~Et TAmvEDRA. N. NAYER

SHRISANJAYNAYERAlternate)SHRJV. R. FADNAWSSHRtJAJINDERSINGH,Director Head CHD)

[Representing Dmctor General Er-oflicio)]Member-Secretary

SHRJN. K. PALDirector CHD), BIS


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Bureau of Indian StandardsBIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Zndian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country.CopyrightBIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any formwithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director Publications), BIS.Review of Indian StandardsAmendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewedperiodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes areneeded; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standtidsshould ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue ofBIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions.This Indian Standard has been developed fi-om Doc : No. CHD 16 842).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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