Glossary Terms

AAV 1718

Abiotic factor 18

Abiotic stress 1, 1633

Abscisic acid 1425

Accessible ecosystem 1698

Acclimatization 1633

Acetosyringone 558

Adaptation 18, 1633

Adaptive management 207

Additive genetic variance 127, 1633

Agricultural practices 719

Agriculturally marginal land 250

Agriculture 719

Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1343, 1633

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation 558

Agroecology 18

Agroecosystem 18, 719

Agroecosystem, agrosystem – agricultural ecosystem

1003

Agroforestry 18

Agronomic crops 719

Agronomic performance/trait 1633

Agronomy 719

Aldolase 1633

Algae 1405

Allele frequency 1633

Allele 740, 1256, 1633

Allelic exclusion 1633

Allelopathy 18

Allocative efficiency 699

Allogenic 1633

Allopolyploid 1633

Allopolyploid Plants 1633

Allosteric Regulation 1633

Alternative energy 1529

Anabolic 1633

Anadromous 1139

Analytical pipeline 1201

Anchorage failure moment 1096

Aneuploid 1067, 1633

Aneuploidy 1633

Animal bioreactor 1767

Animal breeding 79, 1477

Animal cloning 1799

Animal genetic resources 79

Animal model (AM) 401

Animal welfare 79

Antibiotic 1633

Antibody 1633, 1767

Antimicrobial 1755

Antinutrients 280, 1633

Antisense RNA 1634

Antiserum 1634

Application efficiency 1035

Aquaculture 152, 1050, 1405, 1529

Arabinoxylan 1742

Area of focus 206

Artisanal fisheries 223

Assisted reproduction 1717

Association mapping 501

Associative effect 1477

Attainable yield 699

Avirulent 1634

Azoic conditions 1436

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 1634

Back cross (BC) 501

Backcross 667, 1158

Bacteriolytic 1755

Bacteriostatic 1755

Bacterium 1594

Bactofection 558

Base bending moment 1096

Base temperature 514

Bayesian inference 58

Beef Improvement Federation (BIF) accuracy 328

Beneficial insects – arthropods 18

Benthic 449

Benthos 1366

Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) 41, 401

Best management practices 1436

b-Glucan 1742

BIBAC 558

1830 Glossary Terms

Binary vector 558

Bioassay (BIOlogical ASSAY) 1121

Bioavailability 280

Bio-based products 250

Bioconversion 1634

Biodegradable 1634

Biodeposition 1436

Biodiversity 1666

Bio-economic index 328

Bioenergy 250

Bioextraction 1405

Biofloc 174

Biofortification 280

Biofouling 223

Biofuel 250

Bioinformatics 1634

Biological control 1003

Biological modeling 1

Biomass 18, 250, 1634

Biomitigative services provided by extractive

aquaculture 184

Biopharmaceuticals 1343

Bioprocess 1634

Bioreactor 1182

Biosynthesis 1634

Biosynthetic 1634

Biotechnology 1634

Biotic factor 18

Biotic Stress 1634

Biotroph 533

Blastocyst 1067

BLUP 127, 1477

BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) 1256

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 1789

Brackling 1096

Breed 41

Breeding nuclei 1369

Breeding value 58, 127, 740, 1369, 1477

Breeding value (BV) 401

Bt-expressing transgenic crops 1613

C3 591

C3 photosynthetic system 1557

C4 591

C4 photosynthetic system 1557

Callus 1634

Calvin Cycle 1634

Calving 1789

Candidate gene 127, 1158

Capacity building 207, 1201

Carbon sequestration 31

Carrying capacity 207, 449

Cartagena protocol on biosafety (CPB) 467

Casein micelle 1755

Cassette 558

Catabolic 1634

Catadromous 1139

Catalyst 1634

cDNA 667, 1717

Cell cycle 1067, 1240

Cereals 972

Chemotherapeutants 1121

Chimera 1240

Chimeric 558

Chimeric animal 1799

Chimerism 1717

Chloroplast 1634

Chromatin 1067, 1240

Chromosomal recombination 667

Circadian rhythm 1755

Cistron 1634

Clone 1240, 1634

Cloning 1767

Cloning vector 667

Coding sequence 808

Codon 1634

Coenzyme 1634

Cofactor 1634

Companion animal 1358

Comparative genomics 1635

Competition 18, 1513

Complementary DNA (cDNA) 1635

Complementation 667

Composite 328

Composition analysis 1635

Concatemer 558

Confinement 1698

Conjugation 558

Conservation agriculture (CA) 1035

Consumer 18

Contemporary groups 89

Convention on biological diversity (CBD) 467

Convention/protocol/treaty 467

Conventional breeding 1, 280, 1635

Co-product allocation 1050

1831Glossary Terms

Corn stover 250

Corticosteroids 1256

Coumarins 1635

Counterselectable marker 558

CRE/loxP 1570

Critical crop N uptake 638

Critical plant N concentration 638

Crop management 1096

Crop resistance to pests 1003

Crop structure 1513

Crop trait 667

Crossbreeding 1635

Cryoconservation 1256

CTD 1557

Cyberinfrastructure (CI) 1201

Cyto- 1635

Cytokines 1635

Cytoplasm 1240

Cytoplast 1067

Damage caused by a pest 1003

Dead zones 1121

Decision support system (DSS) 1459

Decision support systems (DSS) 1035

Decomposer 18

Dedicated energy crops 250

Deficit irrigation (DI) 1035

Dehydration avoidance 615

Dehydration tolerance 615

Deliberate release 1666

Density 1513

Destination vector 558

Detritivores 1111

Diafiltration 1308

Diet 1635

Differentiation 1240

Diploid 1067, 1635

Direct DNA transfer 558

Direct effects (or impacts) 1698

Direct farm income benefit 871

Disease resistance/susceptibility 747

Distribution uniformity 1035

Disturbance 18

Diversity 18

DNA sequencing 1635

Domain 808

Domestication 18, 667

Dominant species 18

Dominant-negative molecule 1755

Donor cell 1067

Dormancy 1425

Dynamic models 417

Ecological aquaculture 1436

Economic injury level of a pest 1003

Economic threshold of a pest 1003

Ecosystem 18, 174, 719, 1405, 1666

Ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) 449

Ecosystem services 1666

Ecosystem-based management (EBM) 449

Ecotilling 699

Edible vaccines 1358

Effective population size 79, 1256

Effective population size (Ne) 127, 401

ELP 1358

ELPylation 1358

Embryonic germ cell 1767

Embryonic stem cell 1767

Endogenous 1755

Endopeptidase 1755

Energy balance 1789

Entry clone 558

Environment 719

Environmental effects (or impacts) 1698

Environmental effects 1229

Environmental harm 1666

Environmental impact 1613

Enzyme 1635

EPA 1405

Epigenetic effects 1343

Epigenetic regulation 1240

Epigenetics 1, 514, 1635

Episomal 558

Epistasis 1158

Escapees 174

Essential nutrients 789

EST 667

Estimated breeding value 89

Estimated breeding value (EBV) 401

Estrus 1789

Eutrophication 1742

Evapotranspiration (ET) 1035

Event 1635

Exclusion 986

Exotic species 1121

Expected progeny difference 328

1832 Glossary Terms

Explant 558

Exposure assessment 1635

F1 bird 236

FACE 1557

Facilitation 1513

Failure wind speed 1096

Far-field effects 1436

Farm yield 699

Farming system 1459

FCR (feed conversion ratio) 1121

Feed conversion ratio 1369

Feedstock 1635

Fertility 1789

Fertilizer efficiency 789

Fibrous root system 1390

Filler DNA 558

First-service conception rate 1789

Fitness 346, 1369

Fitness constraint 1256

Flavonoids 1635

Food additive 1635

Food security 1613

Forward genetics 667, 1158

Founder bird (F0) 236

Fructan 1635

Functional foods 1635

Functional genomics 1635

Functional traits 1369

Functional unit 1050

Fungus 1594

Gastrointestinal 1755

Gateway 558

GE 846

Gene 667, 1201, 1636

Gene copy number 1767

Gene expression 1635, 1767

Gene flow 1613, 1636

Gene mapping 1636

Gene pool 1636

Gene pyramiding 501

Gene sequencing 1636

Gene silencing 280, 1636

Gene stacking 1545

Gene targeting 558, 747, 1767

Gene transfer 1636

Generalist 18

Generation interval (L) 401

Generation interval 740

Genetic correlation 58

Genetic engineering 1, 747, 808, 1636, 1717

Genetic map 1636

Genetic marker 127

Genetic parameters 1477

Genetic resource 346

Genetic selection/selective breeding 1789

Genetic trends 79

Genetic variation 1369

Genetically modified (GM) crop, transgenic crop

1003

Genetically modified plant 986

Genetically modified/genetically engineered/transgenic

organisms 467

Genetically modified/transgenic organisms 1666

Genome 1636, 1755

Genome-wide selection 740

Genome-wide selection or genomic selection (GS)

501

Genomic selection 58

Genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) 501

Genomics 346, 1636

Genotype 280, 1636

Genotype � environment interaction 972

Genotype by environment interaction 117

Genotypes 89

Geodesic 223

Germ cell 1767

Germ cells 1717

Germ line chimera 236

Germplasm 1636

Glycanase 1742

Glycoalkaloid toxins 1636

Glycomacropeptide 1755

Glycosylation 1343

Golden rice 1636

Grain development 972

Grain growth 972

Grain quality 972

Graminicide 1545

Habitat 18

Hagberg falling number (HFN) 1096

Halophyte 1111

Haploid 1067, 1636

Haplotype 501, 1158

Harm 1698

1833Glossary Terms

Harvest index 615, 699, 1545, 1557

Harvest index (HI) 638

Hazard 1636, 1698

Hazard characterization 1636

Hazard identification 1636

HDL 1405

Heat resistance 1557

Heat tolerance 1557

Helper plasmid 558

Hemizygous 1767

Herbaceous 18, 250

Herbicide hypersensitivity 1545

Herbicide resistance 1545

Herbicide tolerance 871

Herbicide-tolerant transgenic crops 1613

Herbivore 18

Hereditary 1636

Heritability (h2) 401

Heritability (narrow sense) 58

Heritability 740, 1158, 1369, 1477

Heteromorphic life histories 1405

Heterosis 127

Heterozygote 1636

Heterozygous 1767, 1789

Homing endonuclease 558

Homologous 1636

Homologous recombination 558, 1636,

1755, 1767

Homoplasmy 1358

Homozygote 1636

Homozygous 1767, 1789

Horizontal gene transfer 1637

Hormone 1636

Host 18, 1637

Hybrid 1637, 1799

Hybridization 1637

ICSI 1717

Identity preservation 1637

Illegitimate recombination 558

Immunoassay 1637

Immunogen 1637

Immunoglobulin (Ig) 1343

Immunostimulants 1121

Impact on beneficial insects 1613

IMTA 1111, 1405

In vitro 1637, 1755

In vivo 1637

Inbred 280, 1637

Inbreeding coefficient (F) 401

Inbreeding coefficients 89

Index selection 1369

Indicator trait 740

Indirect effects (or impacts) 1698

Inducer 1637

Industrial enzymes 1308

Infinitesimal genetic model 58, 89

Infinitesimal model 127

Information system (IS) 1201

Insect orders 808

Insect resistance 871

Insect resistance crops 1613

Inserted DNA 1637

In planta transformation 558

Integrated breeding platform (IBP) 1201

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) 1436

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) 152,

449

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) 184,

417, 1529

Integrated pest management 19

Integrated pest management (IPM) 1003

Integration 559

Intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (IPAR)

638

Intercropping 19

Introgressed 1637

Introgression 280, 1698

Introgression library lines (ILLs) 1158

Inulins 1637

Invertase activity 1637

Inverted T-DNA repeat 1570

Ionic stress 986

iPS cells 1717

Irrigation return flows 1035

Isoflavones 1637

Isomorphic life histories 1405

IVF 1717

Karyoplast 1067

Knock in 1637

Knock out 1637

Knockdown 747, 1755, 1799

Knockin 1755, 1789, 1799

Knockout 1755, 1767, 1789, 1799

Knockout/knockin 747

1834 Glossary Terms

Land-based and offshore mariculture systems 1111

Lateral roots 1390

LDL 1405

Leaching requirements 1035

Leaf area index (LAI) 638

Legume 19

Lentiviral vector 1799

Lentiviruses 1767

Life cycle assessment (LCA) 1050

Lignocellulose 250

Linkage 1637

Linkage disequilibrium 58, 127

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) 501, 1158

Linkage drag 1158

Livestock 1789

Livestock animal 1358

Living modified organism 1666

Living modified organism (LMO) 467

Locus 280, 1240

Locus (Plural loci) 1637

Lodging 1096

Lodging-proof ideotype 1096

Logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD) 1158

Macroalgae 1405

Macronutrient 280, 1637

Macronutrients 789

Malnutrition 280

Mariculture 152, 1405

Marine 1139

Marine fisheries enhancement 1139

Marine protected areas 1121

Marker 667, 1637

Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection

(MAS) 1637

Marker-assisted selection 127, 1767

Marker-assisted selection (MAS) 501

Markers 41

Mass selection 1369

Mass spectrometry 1637

Mean residence time 31

Medicinal plants 1182

Megagram (Mg) 250

Meganuclease 1799

Meiosis 1067

Mendelian sampling 740

Messenger RNA (mRNA) 1638

MET 846

Metabolic engineering 1182

Metabolic heat and water 1369

Metabolism 1638

Metabolite 1638

Metabolomics 1638

Metanalysis 1158

Metaphase 1240

Metaphase II (MII) 1067

Metapopulation 1003

Microarray 1638

Microclimate 19

Micronutrient 280, 1638

Micronutrients 789

Microsatellite 1256

Mineral 280

Mini-chromosome 1638

Minichromosome 559

Minimal cassette 559

Mixed model equations 89, 127

Mixed models 58

Model 449, 1459

Modeling framework 417

Modern biotechnology 468, 1666

Molecular breeding (MB) 1201

Molecular breeding platform (MBP) 1201

Molecular breeding value 328

Molecular farming (also pharming) 1343

Molecular markers 699

Molecular pharming 1358

Monoclonal antibody 1343

Morgan 127

Mosaicism 1717

Motivation 1768

mRNA 1638

Multigene transfer 559

Multigenic 1638

Multi-trophic relationships 19

Mutagenesis 808

Mutant 1638

Mutation 667, 1638, 1789

Mutation Breeding 1638

Mycorrhizae 19

N dilution 638

Narrow genetic base 501

Near isogenic lines (NILs) 1159

Necking 1096

Nested systems of governance 206

1835Glossary Terms

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies 502

Niche 1366

NIL 667

NIMBYism 1121

Nitrogen absorption efficiency (NAE) 638

Nitrogen conversion efficiency (NCE) 638

Nitrogen fixation 1638

Nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) 638

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) 638

No tillage agriculture 871

Nonpecuniary benefit 871

Novel mechanisms for insect resistance 1613

Novel trait 1698

Nucleic acid 1638

Nucleotides 1638

Nucleus 1638

Nutraceutical 1638

Nutritionally improved 1638

Ocean ranching 1529

Offshore aquaculture 152

Offshore co-management 152

Offshore wind farms 152

Oilseeds 972

Oligomerization 808

Oligotrophic 1121

Oomycetes 533

Open ocean aquaculture 152, 223

Open ocean farming 1229

Open-ocean mariculture 761

Operational crop management 1459

Operon 1638

ORF 667

Organic matter 19

Organism 1667

Organoleptic 1638

Osmotic stress 986

Osmotic tolerance 986

Outbreeding depression 1139

Ovarian follicle 1789

Ovulation 1789

PAR 591

Parasite 19

Parasitism 19

Parasitoid 19

Parthenote 1067

Participation 206

Particle bombardment 559

Patchiness 19

Patchy landscape 19

Pathogen 1594, 1639

Pathogen/pathogenic 1755

Pathogenicity 1594

Pathogenicity factors 1594

PCR 667

Pelagic 449

Peptide 1639

Perennial 250

Performance standards 1436

Pesticide 1639

Pest 1003

Pharmacognosy 1308

Phenology 514

Phenome 1

Phenotype 1, 19, 280, 346, 1477, 1639

Phenotype/phenotypic 1755, 1789

Phenotypes 89

Phenotypic selection 1159

Phenotyping 1, 1296

Phenylketonuria 1755

Phenylpropanoids 1639

Pheromones 1003

Photoassimilates 615, 972

Photoperiod sensitivity 514

Photosynthesis 1639

Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) 638

Phyllochron 514

Phytase 1742

Phytate (phytic acid) 280, 1639

Phytic Acid 1742

Phytoalexin 533

Phytochemicals 1639

Phytomer 514

Phytoplankton 1366

Placing on the market 1667

Plankton 1366

Plant breeding 1201

Plant cell culture 1182

Plant growth regulators – (PGRs) 1096

Plant molecular pharming 1308

Plant productivity 1

Plant stress 972

Plant-based expression 1358

Plantibodies 1358

Plasmid 1639

1836 Glossary Terms

Plasticity 117, 1639

Plastid 1343, 1639

Pleiotropic 1639

Pleiotropic effects 1369, 1755

Pleiotropy 1159

Pluripotent 1240

Pluripotent cell 1799

Point mutation 1789

Policulture (also intercrop) 1513

Polyclonal 1639

Polyculture 19, 174, 1111, 1529

Polygenes 502

Polymer 1639

Polypeptide 1639

Polyploid 667

Polysaccharides 1405

Population genetics 58

Position effect 1570

Positional cloning 667, 1159

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) 1570

Posttranscriptional modification 1639

Posttranslational modification 1343

Potential yield 699, 1513

Potential yield water limited 699

Prebiotics 1121

Precautionary principle 207

Precision agriculture 1003

Predation 19

Predator 19

Preharvest sprouting 1425

Preimplantation embryo 1717

Primary breeders 1369

Primary production 19

Primary roots 1390

Primordial germ cells 236

Prion 1755

Probiont 1121

Production trait 1789

Production traits 1369

Productivity 19

Profiling 1639

Promoter 280, 559, 1639, 1755, 1789

Promoter trap 1240

Pronuclei 1240

Pronucleus 1768

Protein 1639

Proteolysis 808

Proteomics 1640

Protista 1121

Protoplast 1640

Protoplast fusion 1640

Pseudofeces 1229

QTL 846

QTLxE 846

Quality protein maize (QPM) 280

Quantitative genetics 58

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 747

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 502

Quantitative trait loci 1640

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) 1, 41, 127, 1201

Quantitative trait locus 667, 1159

Radiation use efficiency 699

Radiation use efficiency (RUE) 638

RAS 1111

Reaction norms 117

Recombinant DNA 1640

Recombinant inbred lines 1159

Recombinant protein 1768

Recombinant proteins 236

Recombinase 1718

Recruitment 1139

Rectangularity 1513

Regeneration 1640

Regulatory gene 1640

Regulatory sequence 1640

Regulon biotechnology 1

Reintroduction 1139

Reliability 740

Renewable resources 250

Replication 1640

Reporter gene 559

Reproductive performance 1789

Reproductive/breeding efficiency 1789

Reprogramming 1240

Research models 417

Resilience 174

Resistance 1594

Resource complementarity 1513

Response to selection 41, 1477

Restocking 1139

Retrovirus 236

Retroviruses 1718

Reverse genetics 667, 1159

RFLP 667

1837Glossary Terms

Rhizobium 1640

Rhizosphere 1390

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 1640

Ribosome 1640

Ribozyme 1640

Riding horse 401

Risk 1640, 1698

Risk analysis 1640

Risk assessment 1613, 1640, 1667

Risk characterization 1640

Risk communication 1640

Risk management 1640

RNA interference 1755

RNA interference (RNAi) 747

RNAi 1640

Root architecture 1390

Root cap 1390

Root distribution 1390

Root hair 1390

Root lodging 1096

Root morphology 1390

ROS 1425

RuBPc-o 638

RUE 591

SAFOTEST 1641

Saline soil 986

Salt tolerant plant 986

Saprophyte 533

Scale-up 1641

SCNT 1717

Screenable marker 559

Screening models 417

Sea ranching 1139

Seasonal reproduction 1789

Sea-vegetables 1406

Seaweed 1406

Second crop soybeans 871

Secondary effect 1369

Secondary metabolites 1182, 1641

Secondary roots 1390

Seed bank 19

Selectable marker 559, 1641

Selection 346, 401, 1477

Selection intensity (i) 401

Selective breeding 986, 1641

Selective medium 1641

Selectivity 1545

Sequence homology 1641

Sera-binding tests 1641

Seston 1229

Shattering 1545

Shifting agriculture 19

Shikimate pathway 1641

Shoot apex 514

Signal sequence 1641

Signal transduction 1641

Simulation 1459

Single nucleotide polymorphism 1790

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 127, 747

Single-copy transformant 1570

siRNA 1718, 1799

Site selection 1229

Site-specific recombination 1641

Sludge 1111

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) 1641

SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) 1256

Social interactions 1477

Soil microbial processes 789

Soil quality 31

Soil water balance 1035

Somaclonal selection 1641

Somatic cell 1240

Somatic cell count 1755

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) 747

Somatic nuclear cell transfer 1768

Source–sink balance 972

Southern blot (DNA blot) 559

Spatial arrangement 1513

Species richness 19

Specific and wide adaptation 846

Stable transformation 559

Stakeholders 79

Stem failure moment 1096

Stem lodging 1096

Stereotypy 1256

Stewardship 174, 206

Stilbenes 1641

Stock enhancement 1139

Strategic crop management 1459

Stratification thermal time index 1425

Structural gene 1642

STS marker 667

Subjective experience 1768

Submerged longline 1229

1838 Glossary Terms

Substantial equivalence 1642

Substrate 1642

Subtropical zones 1557

Successional stages 19

Superbinary vector 559

Supervirulent 559

Supplementation 1139

Surface longline 1229

Suspension culture 1229, 1343

Sustainability 346, 761, 1308, 1529, 1613

Sustainable 250

Sustainable agriculture 502

Sustainable development 207, 502

Synteny 1159, 1642

System 1459

System boundary 1050

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) 1594

Systemic herbicide 1545

Systems biology 1642

Tactical crop management 1459

Tannins 1642

Taproot 1390

Taproot system 1390

Target site 1545

T-DNA 559, 1343, 1642

Technical efficiency 699

Temperate zones 1557

Terminator 559

Tetraploid 1067

Thermal time 514

Ti Plasmid 1642

Timeform handicap ratings 401

Tissue culture 1642

Tissue tolerance 986

Topology 1390

Traditional breeding 1642

Trait 1, 1296

Transactivation domain 559

Transcription 1240, 1642

Transcription activator–like effector nucleases

(TALENs) 1642

Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) 1570

Transcriptome 1642

Transdisciplinary 207

Transfection 559, 1240

Transfer DNA (T-DNA) 1570

Transformant 559

Transformation 559, 1343, 1643

Transgene 280, 1182, 1343, 1642, 1698, 1755,

1790

Transgene expression variability 1570

Transgenesis 1799

Transgenic 559, 808, 1755, 1790

Transgenic bird 236

Transgenic bird lines 236

Transgenic organism 1643

Transgenic plant 280, 1570, 1594, 1642

Transgenic plants 1308, 1358

Transient expression 559, 1344, 1358

Translation 1643

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 1643

Transplastomic 559

Transplastomic plants 1358

Transposon 668, 1545, 1643, 1717

Tropical zones 1557

Trotter 401

Trypsin inhibitors 1643

Undifferentiated 1240

Unintended effect 1643

Unsaturated (saturated) fatty acids 1755

Vaccine 1344

Variety 1643

Vernalization sensitivity 514

vir Gene 559

Viral vector 1344, 1768

Virtual technology for aquaculture 417

Virulence 533, 1643

Virus 1594, 1643

Vitamin 280

Volunteer weed 1545

Water use efficiency 250

Water use efficiency (WUE) 1035

Watershed 174

Water-use efficiency (WUE) 615

Whey 1755

Wildtype 1643

Yield gap 699

Zinc finger 559

Zinc finger nuclease 1717

Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) 1799

Zinc-finger nucleases 1344

Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) 1790

Zoonotic diseases 1358

Zoonotic infection 747

Zooplankton 1366

Zygote 1067, 1240

Index

Aabiotic elicitor 1190

abiotic stress 1, 690, 1392, 1649, 1651

abscisic acid (ABA) 6, 1395, 1651

– biosynthesis 1429

– in dormancy maintenance 1429

– embryonic content 1429

Acari 1012

Acetobacter diazotrophicus 255

acetosyringone 563–564

acidic polymerase 754

acidification 190

acoustic Doppler current profilers

(ADCP) 1232

Actinidia 314

acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1763

acylalanine fungicides 542

additive genetic variance 129

additive main effects and multiplicative

interaction (AMMI) model 858

adeno-associated virus (AAV) 1729, 1821

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 286

ADP-glucose

– pyrophosphorylase 687

– synthetase 687

advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL)

506, 1173

advanced breeding line 1298

advanced informed agreement (AIA)

procedure 486, 1670

aerobic oxygen concentration 423

aggregate breeding value 67

agribiotechnology 932

agribusiness 725

agriculture/agricultural 218–219,

1425, 1613

– benefits 725

– biotechnology 926, 949, 1645

– ecosystems 1005

– entomology 1012

– environmental impacts 724

– genetic improvement 73

– impact on biodiversity 1624

– innovation 917

– insect pests 1004, 1006

– irrigation 664

– land in South Africa 380

– land use, planning 1470

– maximum residue limit (MRL)

regulation 1127

– nutrients 724

– population genetic improvement 1478

– practices 720

– footprint 724

– monoculture 727

– production 19, 1459–1460

– agro-technical possibilities 1460

– decision making 1460

– socio-economic conditions 1460

– system 22

– productivity 1004

– reduced-till 1646

– research 371, 736, 936

– residues 273

– science 502, 732

– soils 31

– sustainability 502, 720, 1013

Agrobacterium 564, 568, 576, 581, 1186, 1328

– Agrobacterium-mediated

transformation 562

– Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1344, 1571

agro-biotechnology

agrochemicals 1594

agroecology 19, 208, 665

agroecosystem 20, 22, 527, 664, 721, 725,

1005–1006

– sequestration of CO2 32

– strategic management 1460

– time-specific management 731

agro-food biotechnology 1667–1668

agroforestry 20

agro-infection 1360

agro-infiltration 1362

agronomic interactions with CO2

sequestration 31

agronomic technique 707, 713

agronomic trait 1649

agronomy 713

agrosystem 1023

air temperature 1557–1558

Albizia 271

Alexandrium 1232

algae/algal 164, 175, 1126

alien gene 918

alkaline phosphatase 812

alkaloid 1184

allelochemical 728, 1551

alleviating poverty 716

alternative oxidase (AOX) 4

aluminum Tolerance 691

amaranth 298, 617

Amax 606

amino acid 285, 287, 298, 1745

aminobenzoate (PABA) 315

ß-aminobutyric acid (BABA) 550

aminopeptidase N 812, 814

ammonia 803

– Haber-Bosch process 790

– volatilization 793, 797

ammonium 792, 802

amplified fragment length polymorphism

(AFLP) 1204

amylase inhibitors 826–827

amylase promoters 571

amylopectin 977

amylose 977

Anagros epos 26

anchor marker 1165

anchovies 782–783

animal

– additive genetic effects 109, 112

– agriculture 389

– aquaculture 1419

– base population 93

– biodiversity 19, 355

– biotechnology 1768, 1773

– breeding 38, 46–51, 127–128,

401, 1369–1370, 1485–1486,

1494–1501, 1715

– accounting for variation in group

size 1504

– additive genetic variance 1480

– artificial insemination 41

– artificial selection 1508

– associative common-litter

effects 1505

– associative-effect models 1508

– associative heritability 1500

– Bayesian techniques 50, 89

– behavioral traits 1492

– best linear unbiased prediction

(BLUP) 43, 89, 128, 1494

– biometrical methods of

selection 1370

1840 Index

– breeding schemes 1477

– categorical data 111

– data recording 1274

– degree of dilution 1504

– deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-level

diagnostic procedures 1370

– developing countries 40

– dominance 59

– economic indexes 111

– epistasis 59

– estimation of genetic

parameters 1499

– expected progeny differences

(EPD) 71

– foundations 58

– frozen semen 41

– genetic drift 83

– genetic improvement 83, 1477

– genetic progress 413

– genetics 38, 41

– genetic trends 94

– genetic variance 1489

– genomics 746

– Griffing’s associative effects

1495, 1501

– group heritability 1489

– group selection 1283,

1488–1489, 1499

– hard-to-measure traits 1281

– heritable competition 1483

– heritable effects 1480

– heritable Variance 1483

– identifiability of the associative

genetic variance 1505

– individual selection 1486

– industry 149

– infinitesimal model 50, 90, 128

– linear statistical model 91

– long-term challenges 79

– major genes 128

– marker-assisted selection 748

– mass selection 1486

– maternal genetic effects 1498, 1501

– maternally affected traits 1497

– mating 59

– methods 41, 47

– methods of estimation 94

– mixed model equations (MME)

50, 94

– mixed models 50

– modeling 89

– molecular genetics 51

– Monte Carlo Markov chains 43

– multilevel selection 1489

– multiple traits 1477

– neuroendocrinology 1279

– non-genetic associative effects

1503, 1505

– non-heritable genetic effects 1480

– nucleus-multiplier scheme 48

– objective 83

– optimum designs 1506

– optimum index selection 1490

– phenotype 1489

– phenotype-driven 748

– phenotypic value 1492

– polymorphic markers 1370

– predicted transmitting abilities

(PTA) 71

– prediction accuracy 63

– prediction reliability 63

– pseudo-BLUP selection index 1496

– quantitative genetics 58, 1480

– quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 748

– quantomics approach 1282

– random effects 69

– reliabilities 94

– reproductive technology 1274

– residual or restricted maximum

likelihood (REML) 43

– response to selection 1485

– schemes 81

– selection 59, 81, 83

– selection criterion 1485

– single record per animal 95

– social behavior traits 1283

– social interactions 1492

– socially affected traits 1477, 1501

– social model 1480

– social selection experiments 1498

– square root of heritability 1492

– stakeholders 81

– standard errors (SE) of estimated

parameters 1506

– statistical methods 49, 1499

– statistical power 1506

– sustainability 41, 43, 87, 1256

– sustainable systems 46

– technology 384, 1266

– theoretical developments 59

– traditional BLUP model 1495

– traits 89

– transgenesis 51

– domestication 21

– genetic resources 79, 367, 376, 1258

– genetic value 127

– genotyped 74, 140, 145

– identification 742

– improved feeding and management 79

– integrity 1782

– missing parents 93

– models (AM) 71–73, 90, 402

– assumptions 92

– binomial traits 113

– count data 115

– culling 108

– extensions and variations 72

– genetic relationships 92

– heterogeneous variances 114

– hierarchical models 115

– inbreeding coefficients 92

– infinitely dimensional trait 101

– Legendre polynomials 102–103

– limitations 92

– low heritability traits 108

– maternal effects 100

– model comparisons 115

– models for survival data 113

– multiple trait models 108

– nternational comparisons 115

– plotting curves 108

– proportional hazard model

(PHM) 114

– random regression models

101–103, 108

– reduced animal model 73

– regression functions 102

– repeated records 97

– robust estimation 114

– scaling time variables 102

– sire model 73

– survival analyses 114

– threshold model 112

– traits 109

– Weibull baseline hazard

function 114

– molecular genetics 127

– most probable producing ability 99

– pedigree 93

– permanent environmental effects 99

– pests 1006

– product 348, 1284

– production 79, 127, 346, 1743

– genomic selection 367

– heat stress 364

– intensification 1274

– nfinitesimal model 148

– water requirements 364

– purchasing 86

– pure lines 44

– ranking 107

– records

– analysis 384

– data capturing 384

– dissemination 384

1841Index

– repeated records 98

– residual error effect 112

– resources 352, 374

– welfare 86, 390, 1273, 1285–1286, 1715,

1780–1781

animal biotechnology 1768

animals 44

ANOVA models 856, 859

antagonistic microorganism 544

anthracnose 259

anthranilate 300

anthropocene 220

Antibiosis 1017

antibody production 1359

antifreeze protein genes 1700

antimicrobial peptide (AMP) 750

antimicrobial protein 1757

antioxidant 220

antithrombin 237

Aphis maidis 256

aquaculture 152, 201–202, 206–210, 375,

417–418, 429–430, 449, 762, 1059–1063,

1366–1367, 1699

– agency 212

– alternative farming methods 1056

– aquaculture-derived food

products 1442

– Aquapod systems 223

– biomass 184

– carrying capacity 418, 437

– certification schemes 1445

– communities 175

– competition for feed 1509

– concerns 765

– culture of shellfish 1436

– development 197, 202, 215, 1051

– disease 421, 442

– diversification 188

– ecological 174

– ecosystem 174, 176, 440, 1253

– and the environment 1051

– European 168

– FAO ecological approach 176

– farm 177, 185, 198

– farming technologies 1051

– feed conversion ratios (FCR) 1056

– feeds 779

– improved governance 212

– industrial 179

– industry 442

– integrated multi-trophic (IMTA) 184

– life cycle assessment (LCA) 1054–1056

– allocation 1054

– in food production 1055

– impact assessment 1055

– impact categories 1055

– system boundaries 1054

– macroeconomic factors 1, 252

– management 197, 210, 461, 1063

– maximum residue limit (MRL)

regulation 1127

– in the Mediterranean 1121

– monoculture 185

– nearshore 201, 223

– nutrient extractive 199

– offshore 155

– open ocean 155

– polyculture 1252

– for the Poor 219

– production 1050, 1129, 1529

– of finfish and shellfish 1436

– of mussels 1229, 1237

– systems 212

– public perception 1123

– real-time applications 444

– reduction of variability 1509

– regulations 459

– research models 430

– resilience capacity 176

– restoration of ecosystems 217

– rich internet applications (RIA) 444

– scale 177

– science 218

– screening models 430

– service industries 180

– social acceptance 433, 1124

– social ecology 179, 215

– social equity 1123

– solar energy inputs 1060

– stewardship council 1445

– sustainability 206–207, 216, 418, 1051,

1255, 1449

– toolbox 1252

– transmission of disease and

parasites 1061

– triple bottom line 180

– true carbon emissions 1063

– virtual tools 440

– wastewater 1054

– water quality 1062

aquafeeds 1056

Aquapod™ 785

– artisanal fish farming 232, 235

– bolt tests 227

– cage system 1253

– compression tests 228

– containment 224

– cost 225

– engineering 226

– experience 229

– installations 229

– mooring 225

– net pens 228

– structural exoskeleton 224

– submersibility 223

– technology 226

– waste management 225

– wire mesh 227

aquaponic 186, 190, 1367

aquatic

– animal code 435

– ecosystems 178, 214, 217

– farming ecosystems 174

– food 153, 1252, 1255, 1542

– invasive species 1129

– products 440, 1437

– systems 428–429, 442

Arabidopsis 3, 6, 8, 299–300, 310, 319, 526,

566, 668, 830–831, 994–996, 1164, 1191,

1398–1399, 1575, 1586, 1598, 1651

– genome 1578

– genome program 830

– ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase

(RuBisCO) 833

– salinity tolerance 996

– salt stress 995

– thaliana 523, 602, 1426, 1570, 1572

– transformants 1581

arabinoxylanases 1748

arable land biotic community constraints 24

arachidonic acid (ARA) 300

Arachnida 1012

arbuscular michorrhiza fungi (AMF) 25, 799

Argentine biosafety system 469

Arthrobacter 1312

Arthropod identification 1032

artificial

– chromosome 560, 582

– insemination (AI) 42, 49, 64, 76, 120,

328, 342, 741, 744, 1485, 1771

– lighting 1559

ascorbate biosynthesis 313

ascorbic acid 289, 311

asexual reproduction 1067

ASK-FORCE organization 952

assessment of estuarine trophic status

(ASSETS) model 425

assimilative capacity 424

association mapping (AM) 504, 1163, 1165

associative breeding value 1483, 1489

associative genetic variance 1500

asynchronous tillage 27

ataxia 753

Atlantic salmon 1701–1702

Attacin 1600

1842 Index

attainable yield (AY) 700

Aujeszky disease 1818

autogamous crop 1172

automatic weather station (AWS) 1466

availability feedstock 251

average breeding value 63

average social breeding value 1509

avian

– breeding 245

– germ cell lineage 243–244

– influenza 238, 245, 364, 755, 1763

– leukosis virus 751, 1808

– livestock 353

– retrovirus 240

– transgenesis 236, 245

– methods 238

– technologies 1715

833

avidin

avirulence (Avr) gene 678

Bbacillus 544

Bacillus sphaericus 816

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) 808–809, 832,

1025, 1614

– brinja 948

– cotton 492, 928, 947

– endotoxins 937

– insecticidal toxins 809, 819

– maize 951

– pest resistance 819

– toxin

– first-generation crops 821

– mutagenesis experiments 823

oss procedure 1169

backcr

bacteria/bacterial

– artificial chromosome (BAC) 582, 669,

679, 682–683, 691, 1813–1814

– biofilters 1114

– blight 550

– disease 1600

– enzyme ß-glucuronidase (GUS) 1333

– fish pathogens 1127

– infections 1757

– proteins 1333

bactericides 541, 1600

bacterium spore-forming process 811

bactofection 560

baffling effect 1440

bagasse lignocellulosic-rich 257, 274

barley

– grain dormancy 1429

– inflorescence 683

– yellow dwarf luteovirus 262

barnase gene 567

bathymetry 1231

battery cage egg production 1780

Bayesian

– method 43, 50

– model 75

– statistics 1205

Beavis effect 144

beef cattle 378

– accuracy 335

– birth weight 333

– breeding 376

– average 332

– breed selection 337

– complementarity 340

– pyramid 328

– value (BV) 331

– calving ease 333

– composites 340

– crossbreeding 338–339

– economic index 336

– expected progeny difference (EPD)

331, 334

– genetic defects 330

– genetic improvement 329

– heterosis 338–339

– independent culling levels 336

– industry 328

– maintenance energy (ME) 334

– marbling (MARB) score 334

– Mendelian sampling 332, 335

– milking potential 338

– molecular breeding values 343

– molecular information 342

– multiple-trait selection 336

– percentile ranks 332

– phenotype of horns 329

– rebreeding 338

– tandem selection 336

– trait types 329

– transmitting ability (TA) 331

– weaning weights 333

beef cattle breeding 376

Beer’s law 596

beneficial insects 1617

Benson-Calvin cycle 622

bentazon 1552

Benthic

– environment 462

– habitat 456

– models 424

benzimidazole fungicides 543

best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) 69

binary Cry toxins 815

binary vectors 567

bio-alcohol 1656

bio-based product 250

bio-butanol 1656

biocide 24, 699

biodeposition 1438

biodiesel 1657

biodiversity 480, 721, 1257, 1626

– in farm animal genetic 378

– loss 728, 735

– policy 486

– as reflected by breed 355

bioenergy 251, 659

bioethanol 1656

biofilter 197

biofloc 175

biofloc aquaculture 1368

biofortification 294, 510, 946

biofouling 769

biofuel 191, 194, 250, 662, 715,

1643–1644, 1656

– feedstock fish processing

co-products 1062

– industry 735

biofumigation 551

bioinformatics 503

bioinsecticide 1032

biolistic integrated pest management

1023, 1028, 1328

biological

– control

– agent (BCA) 544

– integrated pest management

1023, 1028

– diversity 1667

– pest control 1022

– processing assimilative capacity 422

– research 1714, 1772

biological processing 422

biomass 192

– billion ton study 251

– costs

– economic issues 252

– logistics 252

– crop

– annual 254

– crops for biofuels and bio-based

products 250

– farmer involvement 252

– impact on soil fertility 251

– perennial 254

– cultivation 203

– energy 601

– fisheries 218

– production 592

biomedicine 1714, 1772, 1778

biomitigation 184, 198

1843Index

BioMOBY project 1210

Bio-Mos 1128

biopesticide 1025

biopharmaceutical 1344, 1359

– downstream processing 1349

– glycan structure 1349

– for human clinical trials 1350

– proteins 245

biopharming 237

biorefiner infrastructure 254

bioremediation 480

biosafety 473–477, 921–922, 927, 949–950,

1648, 1658, 1820

– advisory commissions and

committees 491

– assessment 938, 940

– Brazilian legislation 931

– clearing-house 486

– education 925

– European legislation 931

– framework

– Argentina 469

– Canada 471

– China 473

– India 475

– International Obligations 485

– The Philippines 479

– regulation 474

– South Africa 481

– United States of America (USA) 483

– policy 486

– policymaking 945

– regulation 477, 492, 1669

– in agriculture 930

– science debate 935

– regulatory process 1670

– regulatory systems 491–492

– reserve level trials 479

– system 486

biosurfactant 1032

biosynthetic enzymes 830

biosynthetics 662, 1643

– enzymes metabolic channeling 1193

– natural gas (Bio-SNG) 1191

biotech crop 871–873, 902, 904, 1614,

1645, 1659

– economic effects 906

– economic impact 873

– global economic impact 871

– nonpecuniary benefits 904

– total cost 907

biotechnology 662, 916, 931–932, 1030,

1311, 1606, 1643, 1658, 1783–1785

– benefit-cost ratios 468

– commercial agriculture 871

– deficit model 921

– economics 926

– education 921

– food-safety management 474

– framework 471

– information systems 942

– monological dialogue 1784

– nutritional improvement 296

– for nutritional improvement 281

– policies 931

– public discussions 1783

– public participation 1783

– respect for autonomy 1783

– safety net 472

– strategies 296

– wicked problems 955

biotic

– biotic stress 705, 1624, 1645

– elicitors 1190

– invasion 24

– limitation 24

– stress tolerance 1649

biotin 288

biparental linkage mapping 1162

bivalve 159

– aquaculture 449–451

– harvesting 451

– ongrowing 451

– processing 451

– seed collection 450

– biodeposits 456

– culture 424, 460

– molluscs 1438

– production 450

– shellfish

– filtering seston 1438

– releasing nutrients 1438

blastocyst 1068, 1079, 1087, 1242, 1723

blastoderm 239

blastomere 1069, 1083–1084

blue-baby syndrome 803

blue carbon 194

blue mussel 159, 163, 186, 190, 1234

blue revolution 180, 203

blue-water spearfishing 778

bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 1793

Bonferroni correction 137

Boorola gene 51

Bos indicus 343

Bos taurus 343

bottom fishing 762

bovine

– bovine spongiform encephalopathy

(BSE) 364, 1313, 1762

– genome 384

– Johne’s disease 364

– leukocyte adhesion deficiency 148

– semen 377

– spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 752

– tracheal antimicrobial peptide

(bTAP) 750

– trypsin 825

– tuberculosis 364

– viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 754

Brachypodium 1161

brassicas 302

Brazil Eucalyptus potential productivity

project (BEPP) 272

bread wheat 992

break crop effect 713

breeder’s equation 63–64

breeding 504, 939

– additive genetic deviation 61

– value 66

breeding/breed 11, 38–41, 65–69, 117,

124–125, 387–388, 1166. See also animal

breeding

– additive genetic deviation 61

– backcross 51

– basic genetic model 60

– beef cattle 328

– best linear unbiased predictions

(BLUP) 402

– capacity development 1216

– colchicination 939

– companies 47

– conventional 45, 626

– definition 44

– in developing countries 346

– environmental sensitivity 84–85

– fertility 132

– genomics-assisted 503, 509

– genomic selection 39

– germplasm strategy 850

– globalization 125

– for heat resistance 1562

– horses 40

– in horses 401

– hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical

axis 387

– local 46

– major genes 51

– marker-assisted 663, 1158, 1171

– marker-assisted selection (MAS) 73,

504, 627

– mixed model methodology 68

– multiplication 48

– multi-trait selection 67

– nucleus 85

– objective 67, 81, 84

1844 Index

– organizations 82, 132

– permanent environmental effects 65

– phenotypic selection 61

– plan development 1216

– principles of selection 60

– programs 82, 117, 124, 367, 846, 849,

1172, 1260, 1297–1298

– quantitative trait loci (QTLs) 73, 627

– recording scheme 84

– scheme 743

– consumers 85

– risks 83

– of selection 53

– selection index 65

– selection of the survivors 1479

– services 1215

– social interactions 1479

– stock 383

– strategy 369

– of superior animals 60

– support services 1216

– for sustainable agriculture 501

– sustainable systems 46

– synthetic 45

– training population 52

– trait-based 1300

– transgenes 1346

– tropics 346

– value 38, 49, 53, 61, 68–69, 71, 81,

94, 124, 401, 404, 743, 745, 1171,

1480, 1482

– Bayesian methods 145

– best linear unbiased predictions

(BLUP) 69, 145, 147

– effective population size 146

– estimation model 128

– mixed model equations (MME)

144, 1494

– workbench tools 1215

– workflows 1215

breeds 45

broiler

– avoidable distress 1385

– breeder females 1373

– breeding 1370–1371

– ascites syndrome 1378

– delayed entry into lay 1377

– deleterious secondary effects 1383

– egg weight 1374

– erratic oviposition defective egg

syndrome (EODES) 1373

– feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1376

– framework of population

genetics 1384

– hatchability problems 1374, 1380

– heat distress 1377

– heat stress 1379

– increased water consumption 1376

– from farm to market 1386

– heat sensitivity 1382

– industry

– biological costs 1387

– Chicken of Tomorrow contests 1371

– Cornish breed males 1371

– juvenile weight for age (JWfA) 1372

– male Overfeeding 1377

– management 1387

– methods for genetic

improvement 1382

– modern commercial broiler 1381

– multistage incubator 1375

– nipple drinkers 1376

– production traits 1371, 1382

– proportion of breast meat (PBM)

1371, 1379

– pulmonary hypertension

syndrome 1378

– quantitative trait loci 1383

– quasi-EODES at entry to lay 1380

– reduced locomotor activity 1381

– resource allocation model

1372, 1387

– selection-induced genetic variation

(SIGV) 1384

– single-stage incubators 1380

– skeletal problems 1375

– sources of genetic variation 1383

– stimulatory lighting 1377

– sudden death syndrome 1378

– target weight 1372

– metabolic deficiency 1373

– production 1370, 1385

– society 1386

– stocking density 1386

– toxicity disorders 1373

– unavoidable distress 1385

– welfare 1385–1386

brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) 812

Bulmer effect 64

CCaenorhabditis elegans 1759

calcium 537

Calvin-Benson cycle 600, 602

candidate gene 143

canola glyphosate-tolerant 888

canopy 591

– development 599

– photosynthesis 597, 604, 648, 650

– properties 597

– reflectance under irrigation 714

– temperature depression 610

capacity for aquaculture 419

captured radiation photosynthetic

mechanisms 599

capture fisheries 185, 219, 232, 1699

carbenicillin 564

carbohydrate 282, 780, 974, 982

carbon

– carbon trading credit (CTC) 193

– debt 735

– footprint 189

– hidden C cost (HCC) 34

– isotope discrimination (CID) 627, 1300

– life cycle analysis (LCA) 34

– sequestration 35, 1647

carbon dioxide 31

– concentration 1558

– emission 389

– fertilization effect 736

carbon isotope composition 1300

carotene ß-carotene 301, 310, 321, 1658

carotenoid 302

carp 189

carragenophyte 1416

carrying capacity 419, 431

– assimilative capacity 422

– decision framework 460

– ecological 451, 454

– functional categories 451

– management tools 462

– physical 451

– production 451

– social 451, 458

– sustainable bivalve aquaculture 449

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) 469,

485, 917, 940–942, 1669

caryopsis 517, 684

casein 1758

cassava vein mosaic virus 1586

catalase (CAT) 4

cattle 353, 357

CdTe solar cell

– fusion 1671

– genome 1809

– membrane thermostability 1562

– physiology 1194

– prion protein 752

– sorting

– fluorescence-activated 244

– magnetic-activated 244

– transfection 1803

cell/cellular

– clones 1188, 1730

– cultures secondary metabolites 1182

1845Index

cellulase 1332

cellulolytic enzyme 1336

cellulose/cellulosic ethanol 251,

1332, 1656

central limit theorem 50

centrosome 1085–1086

cereal

– amylose content 686

– crops grain quality 972

– endosperm 974

– ethylene-releasing compound 1104

– grains 1745

– inhibitors of gibberellic acid

biosynthesis 1104

– lodging resistance 1096

– preharvest sprouting 1430

– seed

– color 685

– quality 685

– water soluble carbohydrates

(WSC) 1301

cerebellar neurodegeneration 753

chemical/chemicals weed control with

herbicides 1545

chicken

– blastoderm 242–243

– embryonic stem cells 242

– growth rate 1375

– oocyte 239

– production 383

– retroviruses 240

– transgenesis 236

– transgenic 238

– zygote 239

chitinase 829, 1597

chitosan 550

chloride fertilization 537

chlormequat 1105

chloroacetomide herbicide 1550

chlorophyll 437, 594, 596, 600, 610, 647

chloroplast 599, 620, 640, 1328, 1331, 1362

– genome 581, 819

– transformation 581

cholesterol 285, 832

chromatin 526, 1071, 1812, 1815

– modifications 1075

– relaxation 1088

– remodeling treatments 1088

chromosome/chromosomal segment

homozygosity (CSH) 132, 137, 142, 1263

CIMMYTwheat genotypes 850

cisgenetic 917

cistron co-expression 1817

Clearfield hybrid 888

clerestory window erosivity 33

climate 33

– change 389, 735, 1558

– agricultural productivity 1649

– crop growth 609

– plant breeding 1296

e-soil interaction 23

climat

clinical trials in humans 1350

cloned animals 1087–1088

cloned embryo

– aggregation 1089

– chromosomal abnormalities 1088

– community effect 1089

– epigenetic embryo

complementation 1089

– RNA interference 1089

cloning 748, 1188, 1242, 1722, 1768,

1812, 1822

– definition 1067

– efficiencies 1084, 1089–1090

– insulators 1814

– map-based 669

– problems 1073

closed population 83

closed reproduction 48

clupeiform fisheries 782

coastal

– aquaculture production 1530

– ecosystem 181, 457

– eutrophication 1413

– finfish aquaculture 1253

– fish farming 155

– marine spatial planning

(CMSP) 1254

– resources 233

cobalamin 288

cobalt 794

cobia 229

cocultivation 199, 417

Codex Alimentarius 495

co-firing 265

coleoptera 811, 825, 828

coleoptile 1303

Colletotrichum graminicola 259

combinatorial biochemistry 1183

commercial

– fisheries 781

– livestock industry 379

commercialisation of GM crops 467

community of practice (CoP) 1212

composite sustainability

indices 1449

compound fertilizers 792

concatemerization of plasmids 577

conceptual knowledge 956

conjugation 559

conservation

– agriculture 32, 1040

– hatcheries 1139

conserved orthologous set (COS)

marker 1161

conventional breeding 296, 627, 713

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

939, 1669

conversion efficiency 654

copper deficiency 291

coral reef 769

corn

– production belt 883

– rootworm resistance 902

corn-boring pest 890, 892

cotton 481, 884, 895

cotton plant 1564

cottonwood 266

cotyledon cells 976

Cre/loxP system 583

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 752

critical crop mass (Wc) 642

crop/cropping 1–2, 501, 518–519, 533–536,

591, 638–639, 642–643, 648–649,

651–652, 907–908

– abiotic stress-tolerant 2

– adaptation to environmental

stress 1650

– agronomy 663

– assimilate sinks 603

– biomass 643, 652

– biotechnology 280, 908

– branching 1517

– breeding

– biotechnology 908

– plant genomics technologies 503

– Bt-expressing 834

– canopies 593, 599

– components 721

– crop models

– simulation tools 1462

– strategic management 1462

– tactical management 1462

– technical coefficient generators

(TCGs) 1462

– crop nitrogen content 1468

– density 536

– design 721

– development 529

– regulation 519, 525

– related to temperature and

photoperiod 514

– diseases 533–534, 665

– biofumigation 551

– controlling 534

1846 Index

– host eradication 534

– induced resistance 548

– soil solarization 551

– use of chemicals 541

– diversification 20, 729

– domestication 676, 1545

– dry-matter production 1515

– epicuticular waxiness 1301

– evapotranspiration 1464

– genetic ability to capture 1516

– genetically engineered 808

– genetically modified 721, 734, 913

– genotype 1514, 1521

– growth model 865

– growth rates 1515

– growth simulation model

1459, 1469

– nutrient management 1465

– operational management 1465

– pest management 1465

– water management 1464

– herbicide-resistant 1547

– herbicide-tolerant 903

– high density 1518

– improvement 676

– for insect resistance 808

– insect-resistant 834, 903, 904

– light interception (LI) 603

– loss 1594

– management 603, 664, 710, 1101

– decision support systems

(DSSs) 1461

– integrated pest management 1469

– simulation models 1459

– water management 1466

– marker-based genome selection 714

– mass accumulation 648

– monocultures 1514

– nitrogen use efficiency

(NUE) 651

– nutritional improvement 280

– pest 20, 26

– phenology 518, 851–852

– phenotypic plasticity 1519

– physiology 663, 864

– planting arrangement 1519

– plants 558, 668

– increased temperature

effects 1558

– mitigating effects of global

warming 1562

– modifications 1645

– transformation methods 558

– polycultures 1514

– practice 23

– production 615, 1396

– irrigation 538

– nitrogen 639

– water 1391

– productivity 533, 659, 664, 1037

– protectant fungicides 542

– protection 533, 1471

– disease management 1468

– pest management 1469

– radiation use effeciency (RUE) 603

– rectangularity 1520

– residues 728

– resistance

– insect-plant relationships 1016

– integrated pest management 1017

– plant characteristics 1017

– resource use 1515

– responses

– to available soil water 615

– to nitrogen 638

– root systems 1392, 1396–1397

– rotation 21, 535, 729, 1030

– salinity tolerance 986

– salt tolerant 990

– science 659

– silking 1516

– simulation models 527, 529, 714,

1297, 1463

– size effect 649

– species

– DNA-based markers 1174

– wild relatives 1173

– structure 1513, 1516, 1522, 1525

– density 1520

– effect of plant arrangement 1519

– effect of soil resources 1518

– plant yield 1520

– responses in monocultures 1518

– system (CS) 25, 1659

– biodiversity 732

– biological synergism 728

– classification 720

– dynamic 731

– environmental damages 724

– flexibility 722

– new technologies 732

– plurispecific 729

– resilience 722

– shaping nature 719

– technical synchronization 731

– tillering 1517

– trait 667, 670, 692

– transpirational cooling 1301

– under water scarcity 617

– water stress index (CWSI) 1041

– water usage 1039

– yield 619, 699, 701, 1513

crop evapotranspiration 1467

crop-livestock pairing 730

crop management 1461

crop protection 1468

crop-soil simulation models 1471

Crop Traits 670

crop-weed interactions 1525

crossbreeding 141, 337–338, 370, 378, 382,

387, 744, 1257, 1268

– schemes 1509

– systems 340

cross-fertilization 1679

crown gall 561, 1601

Cry protein

– coding sequence 818

– insertion into the cell membrane 815

– interactions with receptors 812

– oligomerization 814

– promoters 817

– protein coding sequence 817

– toxicity 814

Cry protoxin 811

Cry toxin 823

culling of animals 108

cultivated crop 1605

cultivated plant resources 362

cultured fish 1700

culture medium 1189

cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) 1071

cut corner 295

cyanogenic glycoside 830

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor

6 gene 1586

cypermethrin 1618

Cyprinus carpio 428

cystathionine g-synthase (CGS) 299cysteine protease inhibitor 1618

cysteine-rich antifungal proteins 1597

cytoplasmic reprogramming 1081

cytoplast 1067

cytosine methylation 1813

Cyt toxins 816

Ddairy 39

– cattle 47, 80, 380

– artificial insemination 744

– breeding 740–741, 746

– fertility 84

– genetic evaluation 743, 745

– genetic improvement 742

– health trait 743

– heritability of milk production 54

1847Index

– mastitis 84

– population 744

– production 740

– progeny testing scheme 744

– cows 389

– farm 741

– genetics 741

– milk 1758

– products 360

– semen market 741

dam 734

Dee-Geo-Woo gen 675

deficit irrigation 1046–1047

deforestation 190

dehydration 5, 617, 620

dehydration-responsive element binding

protein 1650

dendrogram 1259–1260

denitrification 33, 802

deontic knowledge 955

detoxifying enzyme 4

detritus 453

developing country 346–347, 349, 353–354

– animal resource management 374

– avian livestock 353, 355

– brain-drain breeding 346, 389

– education 372

developing region 362

developing world

– animal agriculture 386

– animal breeding 379

– breeding objectives 385

– farming systems 377

– livestock industries 391

– multifunctional role of livestock 387

DGAT1 gene 142

dhurrin 830–831

diacylglycerol acyltransferase 142

differentiation-associated gene 1079

digestive proteinase 824

dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) 298

dimethylsulfoxide 1810

Dipteran pests 820

direct breeding value (DBV) 1482, 1485

direct DNA transfer 564–565, 579–580

– chemical methods 565

– Integrity 579

– minimal expression cassettes 569

– physical methods 565

– transgene structure 579

direct gene transfer 569

disease 84

disease management 1605

disease-resistant transgenic animals 747

dissolved organic matter (DOM) 1406

diversification 721

DNA

– docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 300

– encoding 238

– markers 115, 134

– methylation 580, 1076–1077,

1088, 1585

– microinjection 1242, 1806–1807, 1821

– molecule 236

– polymorphism 130

– sequencing 668

– technology 128

– transfer into the cell 1726

– transgenic constructs 239

– transposon 242, 245

dolphin 774

domestic 469

domestication/domesticated 38, 59, 352,

1431, 1715, 1770

– of animals 1755

– genetic analysis 668

– molecular techniques 42

– syndrome 1329

– through artificial selection 1285

donor cell 1084

donor chromatin 1088, 1090

Doppler pellet sensor 1125

dormancy 1425–1432

– breakage 1432

– classifications 1426

– in cultivated species 1427

– definitions 1426

– genes 1427

– implications 1427, 1431

– malting barley 1429

– in natural seed banks 1431

– persistence 1427

– sunflower 1428

double strand break (DSB) 1724

doxycycline 241, 1819, 1823

DREB/CBF protein 7

drift 146

drinking water 734

Drosophila 1578

Drought 623, 626, 628

dulse 163

durum wheat 992

dwarfing gene 670, 675, 1097, 1106

dynamic(s) 721

Eeco-certification 1530

eco-design 1530

eco-imperialism 945

ecolabeling 198, 217, 1530

ecological/ecology

– aquaculture 174, 178, 181, 208

– carrying capacity 454

– certification standards 452

– footprint 725

economic

– injury level (EIL) 1007

– threshold (ET) 1007–1008

Ecopath 457

Ecosim 457

ecosystem 25, 27, 209, 916

– approach to aquaculture (EAA)

450, 459

– functioning 1683

– health 176, 188, 420

– integrity 176

– limits 176

– science 170

– service 1618, 1683

ecosystem-based management (EBM) 458

ecotilling 713, 918

edaphoclimatic resources 728

edible vaccine 1362

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 300, 1409

elastin-like polypeptide (ELPs) 1350, 1363

electromagnetic 591

electronic 925

electroporation 1699, 1772, 1803

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

1055, 1463

ELPylation 1363

embryo-derived stem cells 1723

embryo/embryonic

– cells 1077

– gonad cells 1812

– stem cell 1079, 1083, 1242, 1719, 1722,

1729, 1811

embryonic stem (ES) 1070

emission 31

enantiomer drugs 1312

encoding gene 1576

endemic 190

endo-cellulase 1332

endochitinase gene 1597

endocytosis 1803

endogenous plant protein 1349

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1348

endo-polygalacturonase 1599

endoproteinases 826

endosperm 977, 981

energy 607

entomopathogen 1019, 1025–1026

– indicators 1448

– for insect control 1026

– protection 665

1848 Index

– sensitivity 85, 117

– sustainability 207, 1532

environment/environmental

– adaptation 846

– deviation 118

– impact assessment (EIA) 1367

– indicators 1448

– protection 665

– sensitivity 85, 117

– sustainability 207, 1532

– wicked problems 955

enzymatic engineering 1732

enzyme 1308–1309

– classification (EC) number 1309

– storage 1336

epigenetics 755

epigenome 1084

episomal

– transgenesis 1724

– vectors 1810

epistasis 148

equine infectious anemia virus 1809

Equus ferus caballus 402

erucic acid 979

Erythroneura elegantula 26

erythropoietin 1349

Escherichia coli 1362

essential amino acid 297

essential fatty acid 300

estimated breeding values (EBV) 62, 66, 97,

99, 113, 745, 1486, 1492, 1494, 1496

estradiol 1071

estrogen receptor (ESR) 1795

ethephon 1104

ethylene response factor (ERF) 684, 691

ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis 682

Eucalyptus 269, 275

euchromatin 526

eurobarometer 1775

European food safety authority 1674

eutrophication 424, 431, 440, 803

evapotranspiration 1037

evolutionary biology 950

evolutionary genetics 121, 1500

evolution/evolutionary 950, 1489, 1508

exo-cellulase 1332

exotic germplasm 1300, 1303

expansion-intensification agricultural

model 22

explanatory Knowledge 955

extensive marine aquaculture 155

Ffactorial regression model 858, 862

factual knowledge 955

fallow 727

FAO ecosystem 174

farmers

– association 47

– suicides in India 928

farm/farming 193, 873

– animal 136, 390, 1256

– biodiversity 378

– economic traits 132

– genetic resources 388

– genetic variation 390

– production 1256

– QTL mapping 140

– welfare 390

– aquaculture resource management

(FARM) 193

– bivalves 450, 452

– carbon 35

– fit with nature 181

– income 873

– multiplication unit 48

– new technologies 707

– productivity 1614

– system 20, 46, 720, 729

– terminal sires 48

– traditional 708

FARMSCAPE tools 1470

farnesyl transferase 7

fat 282

fatty acid 286

fed aquaculture 181, 185, 218, 1253

feed 659

feedstock 251

fertility 1792

fertilization management 640

fertilizer/fertilizing 552, 720, 792–804

– additives 793

– ammonia-based 802

– ammonia emissions 802

– cost of nutrients 794

– decision support 799

– distribution 792

– effects on agricultural

productivity 794

– energy cost 803

– environmental benefits 801

– fertilizer industry 726

– greenhouse gas emissions 802

– human health 803

– inorganic 789

– macronutrients 790

– management 796, 798, 804

– marketing 792–793

– mining 790

– nutrients 789

– optical sensor 800

– in organic farming 800

– potassium 798

– precision agriculture 799

– prices 792–793

– recommendations 799

– resource availability 803

– science 789

– soil

– acidification 802

– tests 795

– subsidies 793

– sustainability 789–790

– technology 789

– transport costs 792

– use 665

– water pollution 801

– yield maps 799

F0 founder bird 243

fiber

– dietary 282

– insoluble 282

– soluble 282

fibroblast 1729

filamentous algae 768

filter-feeding fouling organisms 454

fine mapping 141, 690

finfish stock enhancement 1141

– aquaculture 425

– cage culture 456

– culture 1232, 1253

finfish aquaculture 1131

fish

– aggregation devices 771

– aquaculture 200, 431

– cages 437

– culture systems 1700

– farm/farming 163, 232, 418, 431, 436,

762, 765, 781

– ecological footprint 787

– farm escapees 772

– net pens 785

– open-ocean 786

– worker safety 225

– health management 785

– mariculture 1415

– meal 779

– oil usage 779

fishery 176, 191

– artisanal 232

– ecosystems 181

– governance 1145

– hatchery-based 1141

– management 187, 1140,

1142, 1144

1849Index

– science 1140

– scientists 1148

– stocks enhancement 1140, 1141

fishing technology 152

fish-in to fish-out ratio 1056

flatfish 160

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 288

flavin mononucleotide (FMN) 288

flavonoid 1184

flax gene 1599

flood/flooding 1651

floral initiation 622

floral pre-meiotic differentiation 622

floral sterility 1561

floret 517

flour fortification initiative (FFI) 292

flow cytometry 1190

flowering 526, 529, 623, 675, 852

flowering time 852

flower initiation 623

fluorescence/fluorescent in situ

hybridization (FISH) 576

fluquinconazole 1103

fluridone 1428

fluxomics 1195

focused identification of germplasm

strategy (FIGS) 713

folate 315

folic acid 288, 315

follicle maturation 1794

follicular stimulating hormone 1071

food

– animals 1761

– chain 781

– crops

– effect of drought 625

– generally regarded as safe (GRAS)

status 1328

– non-food crops 1328

– and feed regulation 1677

– GMO-derived 470

– insecurity 280, 352, 662, 716

– production 219, 346–347, 509,

723, 733

– production systems 1756

– safety 1670

– security 356, 502, 659, 665,

699, 715, 722, 1613

– traceability 217

foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) 84, 364,

754, 1360, 1763

footprint on the oceans 763

footrot 363

foreign breed 44, 46

foreign DNA 1805, 1810

fossil

– biofuel 193

– fuel 31, 34

founder animal 1779

fowl cholera 238

fractional interception 594

fractionated aquaculture system 186

Francisella 421

freshwater

– fish 166

– shrimp 1366

frozen semen 48

fructose 260

fruit maturity 626

fruit tree 628

fuelwood 270

fuel wood-derived 268

functional food 1652

fungal disease 710

fungal pathogens 1596

fungicide 541, 543, 552, 1015

fungicide protection 700

Fusarium 262

Ggain-of-functions strategy 753

ß-galactosidase reporter genes 241

gametogenesis 1070

gas/gaseous 792

gateway technology 564

gene

– activity 1714

– cloning 668, 1799

– construction 1812

– deletion 583, 1819

– discovery 2, 1191

– encoding 242

– flow 1624

– gene expression 1771

– control 1581

– reprogramming 1090

– single-copy T-DNA

transformants 1581

– gun method 1699

– heat-tolerant 1565

– imprinting 1078

– inactivation 1818

– integration

– random integration 1804

– targeted integration 1806

– isolation 668

– knocking 1793, 1816

– knockout 1249, 1816, 1823

– management system (GMS) 1208

– ontology (GO) initiative 1209

– revolution 1202

– silencing 1193, 1576, 1586

– splicing 938

– targeting 242, 583, 755, 1346, 1719,

1724, 1732, 1823

– therapy 1822

– transcription 1244

– transfer 561, 565, 727, 755, 934, 1571,

1596, 1718, 1772

– into animals and plants 1801

– into cells 1803

– into embryo 1804

– methods 1803

– microinjecting 1820

– to plants 561

– vectors 1820

– transmission 50

– trapping 1820

genealogy database 1213

general food law 1674

gene targeting 1719

gene-therapy protocols 1724

genetic(s) 45–46, 363

– aberrations 1245

– ablation 1818

– applications 1772

– control of traits 1160

– correlation 147, 861

– distance 1160

– distinctiveness 1259

– engineering (GE) 2, 8, 502, 509, 662,

710, 808, 913, 922, 936, 1194,

1595–1596, 1644, 1714, 1743

– conjectural risks 939

– European law 931

– limitations 8

– techniques 1724

– evaluation 93–94, 381, 387

– heterogeneity of residual variation

(GHRV) 124

– improvement 85, 1508

– rograms 375, 1267

– target traits 1266

– via transgenesis 1699

– introgression from other

populations 131

– lag 86

– manipulation (GM) 540

– maps 1161, 1164

– marker 52, 84, 115

– marker-assisted selection 130–131

– modification 1671, 1714, 1724,

1768, 1770

– debate 957

– to livestock 1772

1850 Index

– mutations 1718

– pest control 1028

– QTL mapping 132

– resource 375, 1215

– selection 406, 1562, 1801

– of trait complexes 375

– transformation 559

– trends 97

– variability 45

– variance 1501

genetically engineered food 1660

genetically engineered (GE) product 1718

genetically modified crop 734, 1645

– agronomic characterization 1688

– approval procedures 1675

– case-by-case principle 1688

– coexistence

– measures 1679

– policy 1678

– comparative safety assessment 1686

– compositional analysis 1688

– contained use 1672

– costs 942

– decision-making processes 953

– deliberate release directives 1672

– deployment 1689

– environmental risk assessment 1687

– food and feed regulation 1675

– global cropping area 1667

– GM-free labeling 1678

– labelling thresholds 1680

– legal conditions 1668

– lost benefits of overregulation 942

– molecular characterization 1687

– new management 953

– objectification 954

– phenotypic characterization 1688

– regulatory oversight 1669

– revised deliberate release directive 1673

– risk

– assessment 1667

– assessment concepts 1686

– communication 1667

– handling 926

– management 1667

– science-based assessment 1686

– sustainability assessment 1692

– tiered approach 1690

– wicked problems 954

genetically modified organism (GMO)

– analysis plan 1685

– assessment endpoints 1684

– biosafety framework 469

– characterization 1683

– commercialization 479, 482, 484

– conceptual model 1684

– environmental pathways 1685

– global use 468

– hazard identification 1683

– labeling

– provisions 1677

– thresholds 1678

– levels of exposure 1685

– measurement endpoints 1685

– problem formulation 1682

– protection goals 1683

– regulatory framework 1672, 1691

– regulatory oversight

– in Argentina 469

– in Canada 471

– in China 473

– in India 476

– in the Philippines 480

– in South Africa 482

– in the USA 483

– risk

– assessment 1681

– assessors 1683

– communication 1681

– management 1681

– technologies 468

– traceability regulation 1677

genetic engineering 938

genetic resource management 1267

genetic variability 45

genome/genomic 43, 143–146, 48132

– backcrossing 1168

– estimated breeding values (GEBV) 506

– fingerprinting techniques 1299

– information 384, 1209

– intrinsic integrity 939

– in mammals 134

– misconception 917, 925, 926, 938

– network 932

– pre-selection 146

– profiling techniques 1299

– relationship matrix 145

– revolution 144, 1716

– selection 39, 51–53, 86, 149, 384, 391,

504, 506, 864, 1159, 1167, 1171,

1478, 1509

– sequence/sequencing 344, 668, 692,

1725, 1799

– technologies 509

genome-wide

– association (GWA) studies 748

– marker-assisted selection

(GWMAS) 74

– selection (GWS) 1203

genotype-environment interaction 85

genotype/genotyping 143, 342, 664, 1220

– canalization 120

– database 1213

– by environment

– additive main effects and

multiplicative interaction (AMMI)

model 858

– bilinear models 858

– characterization 855

– computer software for GE

analyses 863

– factorial regressionmodels 861–862

– interaction 117–118, 846

– interaction term 855

– by locations (GL) 848

– mixed model framework 863

– regression-on-the-mean

analysis 856

– statistical tools in the

interpretation 858

– variance-covariance model 863

– homeostasis 120

– identification 847

– information 862

– by locations (GL)

– by years (GLY) 848

– by years (GY) 848

– support service (GSS) 1217

– value 118

genotype-phenotype information 1204

GenStat 1207

geographic information system (GIS)

452, 1462

germ cell 244, 1804

germinal vesicle (GV) 1081

germinate 1209

germination 1425

germplasm 1562

gibberellin (GA) plant hormones 671

Gibbs sampling 122

glasshouse 1618

glasshouse studies 1559

gliadin 977

global

– agriculture 1643

– aquaculture alliance (GAA) 1445

– fishing crisis 761

– food

– production 347

– security 350, 664, 1159

– genetic resource management

1258, 1265

– hydrological cycle 1296

– population 347

– warming 1, 31, 190, 1558

1851Index

globalization 954

glucanase 1597, 1747

glucose 260

glucosidase 1332

glucuronidase 573

glufosinate 910, 1553

glutamic acid 192

glycan modifications 1348

glycomacropeptide 1758

glycophytes 989

glycoprotein 1353, 1359

glycosylation 1353

– N-glycosylation 1347

– O-glycosylation 1349

glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) 812

glyphosate 573, 873, 882, 910, 950, 1548,

1552, 1616, 1623

goat

– genetic resource management 369

– meat (chevron) production 358

golden Rice project 946

gonadotropin 1721, 1794

gossypol 834, 930

grain 973–975

– components 977

– crops 650

– dormancy 1428–1429

– germination 1429

– growth 975, 977

– hardness 981

– production 348

– quality 978–981

– concept and importance 973

– environmental effects 979

– genotypic effects 978

– impact of lodging 1097, 1098

– management strategies 981

– segregation 1624

– structure 973

– weight 980

– yield 1301

– impact of lodging 1097

– production 1517

graminaceous plants 317

Graminae 260

grass weed 1548

green algae 194, 518

green biotechnology 913, 926, 1649

green energy 269

green fluorescent protein (GFP) 238,

575, 1347

greenhouse

– effect 736

– gas 32, 389

– whitefly 1010

Greenpeace 947–948

green revolution 21, 203, 502, 514, 524, 610,

670, 720, 727, 849, 1545, 1644

green sea turtle 774

greenshell mussel 1235

green tide 195

greenwash 203

gross domestic product (GDP) 370

GROWSCREEN 10

growth

– chamber studies 1559

– differentiation factor (GDF) 1793

– hormone (GH) genes 1699

guanosine triphosphate (GTP) 315

guttation fluid production 1330

Gyrodactylus salaries 429

HHaber-Bosch process 639

habitat

– birds directive 1443

– management 26

– suitability models 452

Hagberg falling number [HFN] 1098

Haldane mapping function 133

halophyte 989, 1115–1116

halothane gene mutation 130

handmade cloning (HMC) 1071

haplotype 142

– diversity 1164

– profiling 1167

Hardy-Weinberg proportion 1264

harmful algal bloom (HAB) 443, 1232, 1413

harvest 615–616, 628, 653, 715, 1302

hatchery

– fish 1144, 1147, 1150

– reform project 1151

Haun stage 516

heading date 675

heat

– stress 1566

– tolerance during reproductive

development 1566

heat-resistant

– cowpea cultivars 1563

– rice cultivars 1564

– wheat cultivars 1564

heat-shock protein 5, 1566

heat tolerance 1566

heavy metal 803

Heliothis pest 905

Helminthosporium turcicum 259

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) 1729

Hemiptera 821

herbicide-resistant 1549

herbicides 267, 726, 730, 873, 876,

910, 1015, 1545–1546, 1549,

1623, 1649

– glyphosate 1546, 1551

– hypersensitivity 1552

– resistance 1546, 1616

– resistances

– mitigating gene flow 1551

– stacking 1551

ide-tolerant

herbic

– canola

– Australia 888

– Canada 886

– global economic impact 889

– USA 886

– cotton

– global economic impact 884

– USA 884

– maize

– Argentina 883

– Canada 882

– global economic impact 881

– Philippines 884

– South Africa 883

– USA 882

– soybeans

– Argentina 873

– Bolivia 879

– Brazil 876

– Canada 876

– Mexico 879

– Paraguay 876

– Romania 877

– South Africa 876

– Uruguay 876

– USA 873

herbicide tolerant weeds 950

herbivore/herbivorous

– antibiotic mechanisms 1017

– antixenotic mechanisms 1017

– clupeiforms 782

– species 153

heritability 121, 143

heritable variance 1484

herpes viral vectors 1811

herpes virus 1811

heterochromatin 526, 1815

heterologous gene sequence 1330

heterologous protein production

1314, 1330

heteroplasmy 1086

heterosis 129, 147–148, 338–339, 715

heterozygote 133, 1264

hidden hunger 287

high-resolution mapping 676

1852 Index

histone 7

– acetylation 1077

– methylation 1077

hizoctonia 1103

Holstein cattle 365

homologous recombination (HR)

1724, 1806

Homopteran plant pest 828

homoserine 1746

homozygosis 1794

homozygote 133

horse 40

– breeding 402–410, 413

– autochthonous breed 402

– Bayesian animal model method 405

– Bayesian Thurstonian models 413

– effective population Size 407

– estimated breeding values

(EBVs) 404

– estimates of genetic trend 408

– genetic drift 409

– genetic evaluations 404

– genetic parameters 403

– genetic progress 406–407, 410

– genomic breeding values

(GEBVs) 413

– goals 403

– heritability of racing performance

traits 404

– important traits 404

– inbreeding 407, 409

– international genetic

evaluations 406

– Interstallion project 406

– multiple trait (MT) AM-BLUP

procedures 404

– multistage selection 406

– pedigree file 405

– registration of pedigree files 403

– selection 404

– thoroughbred population 410

– Thurstonian model 405

– timeform ratings 410

– culture 413

– populations 407–408, 412

horse breeding 402, 409

host cell proteins 1350

host DNA 1805

host eradication 534

host resistance 540

human footprint 724

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1809

human lysozyme (hLZ) 751

human milk 1782

Humboldt ecosystem 181, 219

humpback whales 775

hunger 347

hybrid 42–44

– breeder 42

– poplar 267, 275

– rice 1302

hydrodynamism 437

hydrogen 770

hydrolases 1748

hydroponics 1367–1368

hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins

(HRGPs) 1349

hygromycin phosphotransferase 572

hyoscyamine–6ß-hydroxylase 1194

hypertensive lung syndrome 1379

Iicelandic horse 404, 408

icosahedrons 228

ICSI-mediated gene transfer

(ICSI-MGT) 1728

idiotype

– breeding 1167

– vaccines 1351

imprinted gene 1078

in avian species 245

inbreeding 52, 61, 83, 86, 93, 128–129, 146,

339, 1172, 1262, 1508

– coefficients 95

– depression 406, 744

– horse populations 409

increased livestock fertility 1789

incubator 1375

induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)

755, 1247, 1722, 1729, 1731, 1811

induced systemic resistance (ISR) 548

industrial

– enzyme

– bioconversion of grain to

ethanol 1311

– current uses 1309

– development of applications 1309

– global market 1311

– historical background 1309

– microbial producer 1313

– plant-based production 1308

– plants as sustainable sources 1335

– production 1312

– sustainable production 1308

– proteins 1316, 1328

infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

(IPNV) 190

infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) 190

inflorescence 681

influenza virus infection 754

infrared (IR) thermography 10

inner cell mass (ICM) 1068, 1073

insect 1025–1029

– genetics double-stranded RNA

(dsRNA) 834

– herbivores 821, 825

– identification 1013

– insect pests 808, 1008, 1027

– introduction of traits 1031

– natural enemies 1019

– pathogens

– bacteria 1025

– fungi 1026

– for microbial control 1025

– nematodes 1026

– viruses 1026

– for pollination 1618

– population

– aggregated distributions 1011

– densities 1010

– distribution patterns 1012

– entomopathogenic organisms 1025

– random distributions 1011

– uniform distributions 1011

– sterilizing 1029

insect amylases 826

insecticidal

– genes 824

– protein 809, 832–833

insecticide 726, 830, 896, 906, 1015,

1032–1033, 1648

– resistance

– detection 1032

– monitoring 1032

plant interactions 1016

insect-

insect resistance 808

insect-resistant

– cotton

– Argentina 897

– Australia 896

– Brazil 900

– China 896

– global impact 902

– India 899

– Mexico 898

– South Africa 898

– USA 895

– maize 890

– Argentina 892

– Canada 892

– economic impact 895

– South Africa 892

– Spain 893

– potatoes 903

– transgenic crops 834

1853Index

instrumental knowledge 955

insulin 1311, 1352

insurance nitrogen 798

integrated aquaculture 1133

integrated breeding 1204

– helpdesk 1212

– hubs 1217

– platform 1210

– portal 1212

– workbench 1213

integrated coastal zone management

(ICZM) 154, 196, 458, 1450

integrated mariculture 1413

integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

(IMTA) 184–186, 417, 425, 786, 1406,

1412, 1533, 1536

– biological and chemical processes 1115

– biological aspects 1118

– economical aspects 1118

– engineering aspects 1118

– history 1113

– land-based 1111, 1113

– nutrient composition 1115

– pilot scale systems 1116

– variations 186

integrated nutrient management (INM) 32

integrated pest management 22, 1003–1004

– behavioral control 1026

– biological control 1018–1019,

1023–1024

– biotechnology 1030

– compatibility of pheromones 1028

– crop diversification 1023

– cultural control 1029

– economic threshold 1007

– genetically modified (GM) crops 1031

– genetic control 1028

– host-plant resistance 1031

– implementation 1033

– microbial control 1025

– pheromones 1027

– precision agriculture 1009

– strategy 1007

– sustainability 1007

– tools 1009

integrated sequential bio-refinery

(ISBR) 203

interacting ecosystem 443

interactive effects of increases in

temperature 1561

Interbull 48

intercrop 20, 25, 720, 730, 1023, 1523

intercropping 21

intermediate 1811

internal ribosome entry site (IRES) 1750

international plant protection

convention 495

international transboundary breeds

(ITB) 1257

internet 922, 924

interplanting crop 26

intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

1719, 1721, 1810

intragenics 917

in trans silencing capacity 1579

introgression 132, 1703

introgression library line (ILL) 1166

intron trap 1246

invasive treatment 1282

inverted terminal repeat regions (ITR) 1807

investigational new animal drug

(INAD) 770

in vitro

– fertilization (IVF) 1721, 1810

– maturation (IVM) 1071, 1721

iodine

– deficiency 290

– fortification of salt 293

– toxicity 290

ion/ionic

– stress 988

– tolerance

– exclusion 990

– tissue tolerance 990

– transport protein 5

iron

– deficiency 289

– fortification 293

– toxicity 289

– uptake 318

irrigated agriculture 1035, 1467

– control of salinity 1037–1038, 1043

– economic viability 1038

– efficiency of water use 1047

– quality of return flows 1043

irrigated crop production

– optimal use of rainfall 1040

– soil water storage 1040

irrigation 1044–1047

– advisory services 1045

– decision support systems 1044

– on demand 1041

– efficiency 1037

– food production 1036

– groundwater use 1045

– management 1464

– for efficient crop production 1035

– improvement of sustainability 1038

– plant water sensors 1041

– under water scarcity 1045

– methods 1039

– networks 1047

– pressurized systems 1042

– process 1037

– scheduling 1041, 1044, 1466

– simulation models 1044

– sustainability 1036

– timing 1042

– uniformity of water distribution 1042

– water 1037, 1039

isopentenyltransferase 1651

isoprenoid 1184

iteration 94

JJatropha 608

johnsongrass 1546, 1549

JoinMap 1206

joint regression analysis 856

jumping genes 1732

Kkaryoplast 1067

Kasalath allele 676

Kashin–Beck disease 291

kelp 186, 192

Keshan disease 291

keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 1351

knockin 1806

knowledge

– accumulation 924

– deficit model 1784

Koi herpesvirus 429

Kona Blue Water Farm

– benthic impacts 767

– biofouling on the farm structures 769

– cultural resources 777

– environmental concerns 765

– farm operations 763–764

– fish meal 779

– fish oil usage 779

– offshore farm site 763

– pest management strategy 770

– recreational use impacts 776

– shark management plan 773

– viewplane aesthetics 777

– water quality 767

– wildlife interactions 772

Kosambi mapping function 133

Kyoto protocol 155

Llactation 383

lactoferrin 1777, 1804

lactose 1758

1854 Index

lacZ gene 563

Laminaria 1417

land-based culture 425

land use planning and analysis system 1470

large offspring syndrome (LOS) 1073, 1721

LASSO methodology 75

late blight 552, 679

leaf

– area index (LAI) 644, 1515

– area ratio (LAR) 645, 647, 649

– color chart (LCC) 647

– elongation rate (LER) 649

– nitrogen 608

– photosynthesis 608, 649

– photosynthetic capacity 602, 606

leaf-electrolyte-leakage 1563, 1565

lean tissue growth rate (LTGR) 1270

LEA-type protein 5

lectin

– insecticidal activity 828

– toxicity 828–829

Legendre polynomial 123

Leghorn hen 44

legume lectin 826

LemnaTec 10

lentiviral vector 241, 1808, 1823

lentiviruses 1728

lepidoptera 811

lepidopteran 825, 828, 830, 833

lettuce 314

Leucena 271

life cycle

– assessment (LCA)

– aquaculture production systems

1050

– history 1052

– software tools 1052

– impact assessment (LCIA) 1053

– inventory 1053

light

– capture 640

– harvesting 599–600, 640

lignin 1657

lignocellulose/lignocellulosic 254, 1332

limonium 602

linalool 831

linkage

– disequilibrium (LD) 135, 142–143, 1262

– drag 1161

lipid

– metabolism 6

– transfer proteins (LTPs) 1597

liquid 792

livestock development

– biodiversity 378

– breed 1257, 1262

– improvement 1266

– maintenance 1267

– breeding 369, 372, 385

– development

– objectives (LDOs) 80

– strategies (LDS) 80

– distribution 352

– domestication 352

– with enhanced health

characteristics 1761

– environmental footprint 1751

– excreta 1269

– fertility 1793–1794

– genetic improvement 387, 1477, 1479,

1482, 1756

– genetic resource management 1262

– genome 1730

– for human food production 1756

– industries 1790

– infectious diseases 747

– for meat production 360

– poor management 1791

– production 362–363

– productivity 360

– products for ensuring food security 356

– reproduction 385

– robustness 1274

– somatic cell nuclear transfer 1067

– species 1285

– survivability 385

living modified organism (LMO) 468

local breed 46

local meat production 349

lodging

– anchorage failure moment 1100

– base bending moment 1099

– crop management effects 1105

– mechanisms 1098

– models 1099

– plant breeding 1105

– plant growth regulators 1104

– resistance 1096, 1106

– risk 1101, 1104, 1107

– stem failure moment 1101

logarithm of the Odds ratio 1162

low-carbon 735

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 289

low-input farming 25

loxP sequences 1581

luciferase (LUC) 573

luteinizing hormone 1071

lysine 297–298

lysostaphin 750, 1761

lyzozyme 1757

Mmacroalgae 159, 194, 1114, 1406

macroalgal culture 786

macro-environmental sensitivity 124

macromineral 286

macronutrient 281–282, 295

– deficiencies 287

– disorders 287

– in fertilizer 790

macroparasite 164

mad cow disease 1762

Maedi-visna virus 751

magnetic resonance imaging 10

maize 258, 902, 1328

– allele 681

– domestication 681

– herbicide-tolerant 882

– inbred 681

– insect-resistant 890

– lysine content 685

– transgenic avidin-expressing 834

– waxy locus 686

major gene 130

malnutrition 281, 287, 733

– agronomic approaches 294

– biofortification 294, 946

– emergency measures 291

– fortification programs 292

– long-term measures 292, 294

– supplementation programs 291

mammal/mammalian 352

Mangrove ecosystem 210

mannopine synthase promoter

(pMAS) 1576

maple syrup urine disease

(MSUD) 288

MapQTL 1206

Marek’s disease 238

mariculture 167, 169, 200, 210, 1111, 1122,

1142, 1445

marine

– agronomy 187, 199, 217, 1411

– aquaculture 154, 166, 223, 1230

– biology 199

– cage culture 1366

– finfish 1151

– fish 1113

– fisheries 1139–1140, 1252

– fisheries enhancement 1139–1141, 1252

– active adaptive management 1152

– effectiveness of stocking 1151

– legacy from the past 1147

– responsible approach 1144

– technological and tactical

constraints 1143

1855Index

– photosynthesis 194

– protected areas (MPA) 166, 202

– scientific and strategic

development 1141

– spatial planning (MPS) 202

– species hatchery 1542

– systems 433

– vegetable 1417

– vegetation 194

marine mammal monitoring plan

(MMMP) 776

marine protected areas (MPA) 1122

mariner transposon 242

marker-assisted

– backcross (MABC) 504, 1168, 1203

– breeding (MAB) 1159, 1166–1167

– recurrent selection (MARS) 504, 506,

1167, 1170

– selection (MAS) 504, 1161, 1167, 1170,

1203, 1771

marker gene 571–573

– negative selectable 573

– screenable 573

marker haplotypes 1164

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) 50

– algorithms 1205

– method 76

mass phenotyping 1297

mastitis 363, 743, 750–751, 1761

maternal

– genetic effects 1479, 1497

– genetic model 101

– heterosis 339

– to zygotic transition (MZT) 1068

matrix attachment regions (MARs) 1577

maturation promoting factor (MPF) 1079,

1081, 1086

meat 1756

– consumption 358, 362

– with enhanced nutritional

qualities 1759

medicinal plant 1182–1183

– controlling the expression of

transgenes 1192

– genetic engineering 1193

– metabolic pathways 1193

Mediterranean aquaculture

1121–1134, 1253

– benthic impacts 1124

– disease outbreaks 1127

– ecosystem effects 1130

– escapes 1128

– fish farming 1125

– herbivorous fish 1133

– history 1122

– indicators for sustainability 1134

– integrated aquaculture 1133

– introduced exotic species 1129

– market 1130

– parasites 1132

– policy issues 1132

– seagrasses 1131

– sustainability 1123

– use of probiotics 1128

– water quality 1126

– zoning 1132

Mediterranean mussels 1234

Mediterranean Sea environment 1122

meganucleases 919, 1816

Mehler-peroxidase reaction 621

meiosis 1082, 1163

Meishan pig 377

menaquinone 289

Mendel/Mendelian

– defects 148

– laws 42, 1800, 1807

– resistance 1169

– sampling effect 332

– sampling variance 61

menhaden 782

Merino sheep 363

meristem activity 644

mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) 1246

mesophyll 600, 620

metabolic

– diseases 1373

– engineering 1194

– syndrome 1373

metabolome 1174

metabolomics 917, 1194–1195

metapopulation 1012

methane 725

methanogenesis 33

methemoglobinemia 803

methionine 1746

methoxyfenozide 571

Michaelis–Menten formula 645

microalgae 194, 200, 203, 1111, 1114

microbial 1745

microenvironmental

– effect 119

– sensitivity 124

microhomology 576

microirrigation 1044

microminerals 291

micronutrient 282, 286, 294, 795

microparasite 164

micro-RNAs 1816

microsatellite 134, 140, 147

microspore 623

microsporidial gill disease of salmon

(MGDS) 190

milk 1756–1757, 1791

– composition 1757

– consumption 361

– with enhanced nutritional

qualities 1757

– goats 360

– marketing systems 741

– powder

– consumption 362

– production 361

– production 741

– traits 743

– productivity 1791

– yield 741

mineral

– bioavailability 320

– density in cereal grains 319

– storage in sink tissues 319

– transport 316

– uptake 316

minichromosome 560

Miscanthus 260–261, 263, 274, 607

missense mutation 142

mite 1013

mitochondrion 1086

mitotic cell cycle 1082

mixed crops 1522

modeling in animal breeding 90

moderate resolution imaging

spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1232

modern breeding method 950

molasses 256

molecular biology 503, 1217, 1778

molecular breeding (MB) 659, 938

– hubs 1218

– platforms (MBP) 661, 1201–1202, 1204

– communities of practice 1222

– data management 1221

– demand-driven 1221

– human capacity 1220

– impact on crop breeding 1222

– markers services 1220

– potential 1218

– potential economic impact 1222

– precise phenotyping 1220

– scope 1218

– sustainability 1221

– technology-push 1221

– utilization 1219

lar genetics 1202, 1262, 1595

molecu

molecular ideotype 1166

molecular marker (MM) 73, 503, 661, 1205

molecular pharming 1358

1856 Index

molluscan

– mariculture

– best management practices

(BMPs) 1442

– certification standards 1442

– integrated multi-trophic

aquaculture (IMTA) 1442

– regulatory standards 1442

– shellfish 1438

mollusk culture 1230

Moloney murine leukemia virus

(MMLV) 240

monk seal 774

monocot 567, 571

monocotyledon 1393

monoculture 23, 188, 728,

1113, 1522

monoculture systems 1112

monosaccharide 282

monounsaturated fatty acid 977

Monsi–Saeki equation 596

mooring 228, 234

Morex allele 855

Morgan 132

moss bioreactor 1362

mouse epiblast stem cells 1723

movement 680

mulch farming 32

mulching 536

multi-environment trials (METs) 847

multi-gene expression 1750

multi-gene traits 1743

multiparent advanced generation intercross

(MAGIC) 850

multiple

– cropping 720

– gene transfer (MGT) 568

– T-DNA repeats 1580

– trait index 1172

multiple-use marine area 158

multipotent mesenchymal stem cells

(MSCs) 1247

multi-species pond cultivation 1406

multi-trophic aquaculture 1444

murine hepatitis virus 752, 1762

murine Mx1 gene 750

mussels 161–162, 164, 190, 456

– cultivation 1234

– culture 1229

– droppers 1233

– filter-feeding 193

– ropes 1233

– species 1234

mutagenesis breeding 913

mutant allele 687

mutation 54

– causative 142

– underlying QTL 142

mycobiota 535

mycorrhizae 264

mycotoxin 1605, 1647

myostatin 142, 1760, 1795

NN-acetylhexosaminidase 830

National Cattle Evaluation (NCE)

331, 343

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System (NPDES) 425

natural ecosystem 175

natural genetic engineering 938

Natural Mutation 938

natural sandwich material (LNS) 262

nature domestication 723–724

near isogenic line (NIL) 1165

nearshore marine 1230

Nellore breed 365

nematicide 541

nematocyst 1015

Neobenedenia sp. 771

neomycin phosphotransferase 572

nerolidol 831

nested association mapping (NAM)

850, 1175

net pen culture 231

net primary productivity (NPP) 31

neurodegenerative prion disease 1762

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) 238, 1360

new climate proof crops 616

new drug entity (NDE) 1183

next-generation sequencing (NGS)

technology 1161, 1192

Niacin 288

Nicotiana 1603

Nicotiana tabacum 1570

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(NAD) 288

Nipponbare protein 676

nitrapyrin 793

nitrate 790, 801, 803

nitrification 793, 802

nitrogen 193, 608, 665, 725–726, 980–982,

1272–1273, 1519

– absorption efficiency (NAE) 651, 654

– availability 617, 641, 653, 981–982

– concentration 640

– conversion efficiency 652, 654

– critical plant concentration 642

– crop responses 638

– deficiency 647–650

– effects on harvest index and

components of grain yield 650

– effects on leaf and canopy

photosynthesis 649

– demand 640, 642

– dilution effect 645, 647

– distribution 653

– emission 1273

– fertilization 981

– fertilizer 536, 592, 639–640, 653, 790,

797, 981, 1468, 1650

– harvested index (NHI) 653

– nutrition index (NNI) 639, 645

– oxide (NOx) 725

– in plants 640

– in soils 639

– supply conditions 654

– taxation 1272

– uptake 644, 653

– use efficiency 651, 654, 797

nitrogen emission 1273

nitrophosphate 726

nonadditive genetic deviation 61

non-enzyme protein 1316

nonfood aquaculture 217

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 1351

non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)

pathway 1724

non-pharmaceutical proteins 1363

non-photosynthetic sinks 604

nonrenewable 190

non-target arthropod 1618

nopaline 1576

nopaline synthase gene (pNOS) 1571

normalized difference vegetation index

(NDVI) 594

no-tillage 252, 727

novel food regulation 1673, 1675

novel gene products 1748

novel traits 941

nuclear donor cell 1083

nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) 1082

nuclear maturation 1080

nuclear reprogramming 1075–1076,

1087, 1089

nuclear transfer (NT) 1067–1069,

1071–1073, 1240–1245, 1722

– basics 1244

– cell-cycle coordination 1082

– cell-mediated transgenesis 1243

– cloning animals 1241

– with differentiated cells 1245

– direct transgenesis 1243

– efficiency 1249

– embryo development 1068

1857Index

– enucleation methods 1072

– experiments 1241

– gene targeting 1245

– in mammals 1069

– maturation-promoting factor

(MPF) 1244

– microinjection 1242

– micromanipulator 1071, 1244

– production of transgenic animals 1241

– from somatic cells 1243–1244

– techniques 1071

nuclear transformation 575

nuclear transgene 575

nuclear transgenic plants 1346

nucleic acid 1350

nucleoprotein (NP) 754

Nud gene 684

nuisance effect 69

null allele 525

nutrient 281

– bioavailability 294

– deficiencies 287

– facultative 287

– law of the minimum 796

– movement 803

– phloem-delivered 976

– in plant tissue 794

– recovery 198

– from the soil 789

– trading credits (NTC) 192, 1413

– transfer 802–803

nutrition 1654, 1792

Ooarweed 159

ocean/oceanic

– ecosystems 784

– farming 1252

– farm technologies (OFT) 227, 229

– mankind’s global footprint 780

– sustainable aquaculture 1252

oceanographic 433

ocean-ranching 1537

octopine 1576

off-bottom offshore cultivation 158

offshore

– aquaculture 155, 201

– biological studies 163

– feasibility study 169

– one-step cultivation 163

– physical and technical studies 164

– collector 162

– co-management 168

– farming 164, 763, 1230, 1235

– macroalgae growout 1234

– oil platform 1235

– ring 162

– wind energy 1254

– wind farm 154, 162, 1235

offshore aquaculture 200, 1254

oil grain quality 972

oilseed 973, 977, 979

oleic acid 978

oleosome 977

oligomerization 814

oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis 1672

olive fruit 626

omega–3 oils 782

omics platforms 11

oncogenes 563

oogenesis 1079

ooplasmic reprogramming factor 1081

opaque2 corn mutant 297

open net-cage aquaculture 1532

open ocean

– aquaculture 223, 230

– farming sites 1235

– characterization 1231

– selection 1231

– mariculture 761–762, 771, 783

– mussel farming

– environmental considerations 1235

– methods 1232

– multiuse facilities 1235

– technologies 1232

– waters 1230

open ocean mussel farming 1236

open-pollinated crops 1329, 1624

open reading frame (ORF) 676,

680–681, 1734

open water

– cultivation 424, 1406

– fish farm 189

operational farm management 1471

operational nutrient management

system 1471

opium alkaloid morphine 1184

oral vaccine 1350

ordinary polynomials 123

organic

– crops 808, 1659, 1660

– farming 801

organogenesis 581

organophosphate 543

oryzacystatin 826

osmoprotectant 5

osmotic

– adjustment (OA) 617

– stress 5, 987, 988

– tolerance 989

Osmyb4 gene 628

outbreeding 61

ovary development 623

overfertilization 793, 798

ovine lentivirus 751

ovum 1068

oxalate 1599

oxanthiins 543

oxidation/oxidative

– enzymes 829

– stress 4

oyster 159, 163, 459, 1235

Ppaclitaxel 1186

palmitic acid 977, 1409

palnt breeding meganucleases 919

Panicum virgatum 263

pantothenate 316

papaya

– ringspot-resistant 902

– ringspot virus (PRSV) 540

parasite 190

parasitoid 1019

partial root-zone drying (PRD)

technique 1395

particulate 1406

partitioned aquaculture system 186

paternal heterosis 339

pathogenesis-related proteins 1596

pathogen-inducible promoters 1607

peak 804

pedigree-based marker-assisted selection

system (PBMASS) 1208

perennial 261

pericentriolar material

(PCM) 1085

permanent environmental effect 97

peroxidase activity 829

peroxisome 1331

pest

– control 1005–1006, 1016, 1028

– crop resistance 1016

– density 1010

– herbivore 26

– insects 820

– invasion 1006

– numbers 1008

– populations 1018

– taxonomic adscription 1012

pesticide 535, 544, 552, 720, 724, 729, 1013,

1023, 1659

– pesticide registration 485

– problems associated 1015

– resistance 1016

1858 Index

pharmaceutical 1316

– for animal health 1363

– industry 1182

– plant-derived 1351

– proteins 1334, 1344, 1358

pharma crops 1329

phaseolotoxin 1601

phaseolus a–amylase inhibitor

gene 827

phenodyn 10

phenological scale 518

phenology 515, 518–519

– developmental response to

temperature 519

– sub-models 527

phenopsis 10

phenotype/phenotypic 90, 140, 386

– interaction term model 120

– multiple-trait model 121

– plasticity 117, 119

– reaction norm model 121

– selection 61, 1202

phenotyping 9–10, 664, 1170, 1204

– platforms 10

– techniques 864

phenylketonuria (PKU) 287, 1758

phenylpropanoid 1184

pheromone 1026

phosphate 1189

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

promoter 818

phospholipase D1 gene 624

phospholipid 220, 285

phosphorus 1744

– fertilization 537

– loading model 418

– phosphorus 798

photoassimilate 621, 974

photochemistry 621

photography 594

photomorphogenesis 309

photooxidative stress 603

photoperiod 519, 530

– insensitivity 524–525

– responsive gene 852

– sensitivity 524

photoprotection 603, 626

photorespiration 600–601, 609, 621

Photorhabdus luminescens 832

Photosynthate 601

photosynthesis/photosynthetic(ally) 31, 200,

519, 593, 597, 599, 619, 640, 644, 648,

664, 1558

– active radiation (PAR) 591

– activity 10

– canopy 603

– radiation (PAR) 648

phycocolloid 1407

phyllochron 515, 517–518, 523

phylloquinone 289

phyllosecretion technology 1330

phylogenetic 1259

physiological

– breeding 1303

– traits 851

physiology 865

phytase 1647, 1700, 1745, 1747

phytate 320, 1652

phytoalexins 1598, 1605

phytoene 321

– desaturase 301

– synthase 301

phytohormone 563, 1189

phytomer 515, 529

phytopathogen 26

Phytophthora infestans 533

phytoplankton 424, 453, 1367

– as biofilter 1113

– net primary production (NPP) 427

phytosiderophore 317–318

pig 1278–1280

– breeding 368, 1256, 1261–1262

– advanced feeding strategies 1270

– artificial selection 1285

– balanced feeding 1269

– breeding goals 1287

– co-ancestry management 1267

– commercial product

evaluation 1264

– deprivation 1278

– ethical aspects 1284

– expected conserved diversity 1266

– genetic improvement 1266, 1275

– group selection 1284

– inbreeding 1267

– indiscriminate crossbreeding 1268

– integrity 1286

– marginal diversity 1266

– mate selection 1267

– pollution 1269

– population size 1262

– production traits 1265

– reduction of nitrogen emission

1269, 1272

– relative utility 1264

– robustness traits 1264

– selection for robustness traits 1274

– cells 1800, 1820

– coping strategy 1280

– dominance aggression 1282

– effects of chronic stress 1280

– environmental sensitivity 1276

– fibroblasts 1732

– harmful social behavior 1282

– instinctive behavior patterns 1278

– pig production 390, 1772

piglet castration 1282

piscicide 189

placentomegaly 1074

plankton 454

plant 1192–1193

– architecture 681

– available water-holding capacity

(PAWC) 1463

– biomass 250

– biotechnology 1030, 1205, 1578

– breeders 703

– breeding 295, 502, 509, 654, 913

– alien gene transfer 918

– under a changing climate 1296

– in a changing environment 1297

– climate change 1296

– cyberinfrastructure 1208

– data management 1208

– eco-tilling 918

– improved crop varieties 1304

– new biotechnology approaches 917

– synthetic biology 919

– tilling 918

– tools 1645

– transformation 919

– canopy 592

– carbon source 1189

– cells 1344

– applications 1186

– cultures 1185, 1189

– cloning 669

– C3 plants 600

– C4 plants 600

– defense 830

– density 1521

– development 514, 540

– developmental stages 518

– disease 533, 665, 1595, 1605

– biological control 544

– crop-rotation effects 729

– disease resistance 678

– integrated control 551

– soil amendments 536

– sowing practices 536

– dry matter 1515

– elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

concentration effects 1560

– fertilization 44

– genetic engineering 1192

1859Index

– genome 659, 669, 1571

– genomics 1159, 1195

– glycosylation 1334

– growth 987

– growth–promoting rhizobacteria

(PGPR) 548

– hairy root 1185–1186

– improvement 1

– insect-resistant 835

– investment 1394

– ionic stress 988

– ionic tolerance 990

– material 561

– metabolic engineering 1190

– minichromosomes 582

– molecular biology 736, 1185

– molecular pharming 661

– pharmaceuticals for human

health 1343

– veterinary applications 1358

– naming plant parts 515

– nonhost resistance 539

– osmotic tolerance 989

– pathogenic bacteria 1600

– pesticide 484

– for pharmacognosy 1308

– phases 518

– phenomics 9, 610

– phenotyping 661

– promoters 571

– protein supplements 1745

– rectangularity 1521

– research 9

– roots 1392

– salinity tolerance 989

– salt stress 995

– secondary metabolism 1183, 1185

– selection 1188

– self-fertilization 44

– spatial arrangement 1513, 1519

– species for transformation 1328

– systematic phenotyping 9

– transformation 560–561, 660, 1316,

1344, 1595

– binary vectors 567

– promoters 570

– vectors 566

– transgene expression 1570

– tumor 561

– types of resistance 539

– virus infection 540

– waste 1335

plant-based expression systems 1359

plant biodiversity 19

plant breeding 919

plant domestication 21

plant-made pharmaceuticals 1351

plant-produced biologics 1314

plantregulators (PGRs) 1097

plasticity 118, 121

plastid transformation 581, 819, 1347

plastochron 515, 517–518

pleiotropy 147

plowed soil 24

plum pox virus (PPV) 1604

pluripotent cell 1811

pluripotent gene 1077

poison 115, 133

pollen

– development 623

– drift 1624

– fertility 623

– sterility 1301

pollinator 26, 1618

pollock fishery 781

pollution

– biological 176

– pigs 39

PolScope 1072

polyA trap selection 1246

polyculture 187–188, 1366–1368,

1444–1445, 1522

– cover crop 21

– successes 1367

– systems 786, 1112

polygalacturonase inhibiting protein

(PGIP) 1599

polygene 1162

polyketide 1184

polymorphic molecular markers 1202

polymorphism information content

(PIC) 133

polyphenol oxidase (PPO) 829

polypropylene 164

polysaccharide 282, 1409, 1419

polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 286,

300, 978

pond aquaculture management and

development (POND) model 425

poplar 266, 268, 275

population-level genetic resource

management 1266

Populus 266

porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) 1735

porcine insulin 1311

pork 356

Porphyra 1409–1410

– aquaculture 1412

– genome 1410

positive breeding values 1483

post-anthesis water stress 625

posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS)

1346, 1572, 1657

posttranscriptional regulation 7

potassium 537, 798

potatoe 903

potential yield (PY) 699–700, 715

– lifting 710

– water-limited 700

poultry 86, 368

– breeding 80, 375, 1257, 1369

– genetics 53

– meat production 356, 1370

– production 238

poultry breeding 1257

poverty 176, 219, 281, 347

precision

– agriculture 799, 1009

– irrigation 1043

predator 1019

predator–prey interactions 1025

pregermination 1431

preharvest sprouting (PHS) 1430

premature chromosome condensation

(PCC) 1082

primordial germ cell 243, 245, 1812

prion disease 752

private allele 1259

probenazole 550

product 1743

production-carrying capacity 452–454, 460

progeny 97

– test 53

– testing 52, 130, 744

program crops 722

prolactin receptor (PPLR) 1795

promoter

– methylation 580

– trap 1246

pronuclear microinjection 1724,

1726, 1772

proteasome inhibitor 1729

protectant

– fungicides 541

– plant-incorporated 485

protegin–1 (PG–1) 751

protein 218, 285

– biopharmaceutical 237

– carbohydrate-binding 828

– inhibitors 826

– production 1334

– proteinase inhibitors (PIs) 824

– quality 979

– synthesis 980

proteolysis 811

1860 Index

proteome 1174

proteomics 917

protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1550

protoxin activation 811

proven bull 743

Pseudomonas 1312

pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections

752, 1762

pterin 315

public breeding program 509

public ecology 180

Public Research and Regulation Initiative

(PRRI) 951–952

pulmonary hypertension syndrome

(PHS) 1378

pulpwood 268

pure breed(ing) 44, 744

purifying protein 1362

putative gene 142

pyramiding 540

– alleles 1170

– of resistance transgenes 822

pyridoxal 288

pyridoxamine 288

pyridoxine 288

pyrimidine 543

QQ allele 682

Q gene 682

quality protein maize (QPM) 297

quantative

– genetics theory 1261, 1507

– trait loci (QTL) 2, 38, 52, 134, 848,

991, 1159

– alleles 1165

– cloning 1166, 1175

– by environment interaction

(QEI) 1205

– mapping 1162, 1165, 1172,

1203, 1205

– QTL-based modeling 1166

617

quinoa

Rradiation conversion

– capture 595

– conversion

– efficiency 593

– factor 593

– use efficiency (RUE) 591, 648

– determination 593

– environmental factors 608

– improvement 605

– sources of variation 607

– species variation 607

– stage of crop development 608

lture 1231

raft cu

rainforest 724

random

– bred population 140

– breeding population 136

rapeseed oil 979

rDNA technology 477

reaction norm 117

reactive oxygen species (ROS) 4, 621, 628,

988, 1086

recipient oocyte

– enucleation 1080

– sources 1079

recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) 1114

recirculation system 189

recombinant

– antibodies 1362

– biopharmaceuticals 1352

– DNA technology 1344, 1360, 1718

– insulin 1311, 1352, 1718

– nucleic acid techniques 1671

– protein 1308

– chicken 237

– plant-derived 1336

– storage proteins 297

binase gene 1584, 1803

recom

recombinase-mediated cassette exchange

(RMCE) 1732, 1817

reconstructed embryos

– activation 1086

– culture 1087

recycling 210

red angus breed 329

Red Maasai

– breed 378

– sheep 363

red mark syndrome 421

reduced height (Rht) alleles 1105

regression-on-the-mean models 856

regulon biotechnology 6, 11

renewable energy 152, 155

reproduction/reproductive 1719–1721, 1792

– female germ line 1721

– male germ cells 1720

– sinks 604

– technologies 1728, 1770

reprogramming

– of DNA methylation 1076

– of gene expression 1077

– of histone modifications 1076

residual

– feed intake (RFI) 343

– nutrients 800

resistance allele 1169

resource 83

resource-use efficiency 24

respiration 621

restocking 1141

restricted feeding 1484

restricted or residual maximum likelihood

(REML) 50

restricting germination 1425

restriction fragment length polymorphism

(RFLP) 1204

resveratrol 1598

retinol-binding protein (RBP) genes 1795

retroviral 239

retrovirus 239–240, 1699, 1728, 1808–1809

– replication-competent 240

– replication-defective 240

reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-

PCR) 677

reverse transcription (RT)-Southern

blotting 677

rhizobacteria 25

rhizome 262–263

rhizosheath 1100

riboflavin 288

ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene 669

ribosome inactivation protein 829

rice

– blast disease 550

– C4 photosynthesis pathway 1302

– elite inbred lines 1302

– new plant type 1302

– plant architecture 684

– production 1301

– rice-fish farming 1366

– seed

– color 688

– shattering 689

– selective herbicides 1548

– yield potential 1301

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) 364

RNA

– interference (RNAi) 834, 1657, 1661,

1672, 1757

– molecules 934

– silencing 1599, 1601–1602

– silencing mutants 1606

– virus 239

root 1390

– abiotic Stress 1394, 1398

– anatomy 1392

– biomass 1393

– chemical signals 1395

– development 1394, 1396

– field phenotyping 1399

1861Index

– fraction 1392

– length density (RLD) 1393

– lodging 1097, 1100–1101

– longevity 1397

– marker-assisted selection (MAS) 1399

– morphology 1392

– nutrients 1396–1397

– penetration ability 1397–1398

– resource capture 1396

– topology 1392

– traits 1392, 1396

– uptake of water and nutrients 1390

– water capture 1396

root-knot nematode 680

root–shoot signaling 620

rubisco 600, 610, 621

SSaccharina 1, 417

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) 299

salicylic acid 1308

saline 986, 989, 997

salinity

– stress tolerance 690

– tolerance 991–992, 994

– gene combinations 997

– proteins 997

– traits 992

– tolerance crops 998

salinization 986

salmon 160, 186, 217

– aquaculture industry 1531

– farming 781

– production 436

– stocks 1142

Salmonella pullorum 1371

Salmonid 1144

salt

– accumulation 734

– iodization 296

– overly sensitive (SOS) pathway 995

– sensitivity assay 992

– sequestration 997

– stress 690

– tolerance

– of dicotyledonous crop species 989

– mechanisms 989

– tolerant crop

– breeding programs 993

– transgenic approaches 994

– varieties 991

salt tolerant varieties

– breeding 991

– selection 991

sanitation 534

saprophytic microbiota 535

scallop culture 1254

science 725

scientific

– information 922

– knowledge 922

scientification of planning 956

scientometric 923, 936

scrapie disease 752

screenable marker gene 573

sea

– ranching 1141, 1151

– vegetables 1407

seabass 160

seabirds 774

seabream 160

seafood 154–155, 191, 201, 1050–1051,

1229–1230, 1529–1530

– alternative sources 783

– commodities 1053

– crisis 761

– industry 185

– production 1055, 1153, 1540

– supply 1230

– sustainability 175, 1050, 1535

– system 1534, 1536, 1538–1539,

1541–1542

– business model 1539

– economic sustainability 1539

– economy of scale 1541

– hatchery capacity 1542

– infrastructure 1541

– operational efficiencies 1541

– sustainable energy alternatives 1538

– trade 181

– value chain planning 216

– watch cards 216

SEAfood System 1539

seascape 202

seasonal climate forecasting 1463

sea-vegetable 1406

seaweed 159, 161, 188, 191, 193, 200,

1113, 1537

– air-agitated tank culture system 1415

– aquaculture 1254, 1405, 1411, 1415

– biotechnology applications 1410

– crop 1411

– cultivation 196, 1411

– ecosystems services 1413

– exploitation 1419

– feed stocks 1418

– forced cultivation 1412

– genetic transformation 1418

– land-based aquaculture 1406–1407

– land-based cultivation 1414, 1418

– morphology 1407

– nutritional value 1409

– past and present uses 1407

– physiology 1414

– production 1406, 1413

– successful on-land cultivation 1416

– taxonomy 1411

– undaria 1410

sedimentation 456

seed 978

– bank dormancy 1433

– biomass 975

– dormancy 1425, 1433

– germination 1426, 1431

– growth 980

– inventory management system

(IMS) 1208

– lots 1431

– maturity 1427

– production regulations 1679

– quality 625

– shattering 688

– water concentration 975

seedling resistance 539

SEFABAR project 82

selection index 66, 68–69, 89, 385, 746

selection-induced genetic variation

(SIGV) 1384

selective breeding 42, 1743, 1768, 1771

selenium 295, 794

– deficiency 290

– toxicity 290

selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) 319

selenoenzyme 290

selenomethionine 295, 320

selenoprotein 317

selenosis 291

self-pollinating plant 1329

semen cryopreservation 245

semidwarfing gene 849

semiochemical 1026

sendai virus (SV) 1073

sequence

– analysis 677

– haplotypes 1164

– information 8

serine

– acetyltransferase (SAT) 300

– proteinase 824–826

Seriola rivoliana 770

shade leaf 599

shark 772

sheep

– body louse 363

– breeding 368, 381

1862 Index

– diseases 363

– genetic evaluation 381

– genetic resource management 369

– meat production 358

shellfish 175, 437, 1113

– aquaculture 1254, 1436, 1450–1452

– best management practices 1447

– sustainability 1450–1451

– biodiversity 1441

– culture 433, 1236

– benthic effects 1451

– evolution of sustainability 1442

– industry-led initiatives 1444

– integrated multi-trophic

aquaculture (IMTA) 1444

– interactions 1437

– pelagic effects 1451

– exotic species 1440

– filtration capacity 1440

– shellfish aquaculture 1437

– structures 1441

shikimate 1616

shikimate–3-phosphate 1616

shrimp 217, 418, 431

sialic acid 1334

silicon 537

simple sequence repeat (SSR) 1204

single-copy transformant 1583–1584

single-copy transgene 1579

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

technology 52, 59, 134, 342, 384, 748,

864, 1204

sire

– heterozygous 137

– model 122

– variation 137

Sirius model 529

SIR model 427

sludge 1115

small interfering RNA (siRNA) 753, 1603

smallpox 1360

small stock breeding 376

SNP marker 39

social carrying capacity 458, 460

social-ecological system (SESs) 459

social genetic effect 1480

social network analysis (SNA) 428

socioeconomic 949

socioeconomic sustainability 1532

sodium 986

soil

– biology 20

– cultivation 25

– erosion 33

– nutrient 25

– organic amendments 538

– organic carbon sequestration 268

– organic matter (SOM) 802

– resources 1395

– salinity 987

– soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)

model 431

– solarization 551

– testing 795

soil-root-microbe interactions 713

soil-water-atmosphere-plant model

(SWAP) 1467

solar radiation 594, 601

solid fertilizers 792

somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) 1719

somatic cells 1801

– count (SCC) 751

– culture infection 1728

– nuclear transfer (SCNT) 1068, 1714,

1719, 1729

– agricultural application 1070

– application for livestock 1070

– factors affecting development of

embryos 1079

– multiplication 1070

tropin 1346

somato

sorghum 254

source-sink balance 975–976

Southern blot hybridization 579

soybean 218, 310

– cost of production 873

– ferritin 319

– genome 668

– glyphosate-resistant 950

– herbicide-tolerant 873

– osmotic stress 987

– production 906

spatial crop structure 1513–1514

species breeding 375

specific leaf area (SLA) 650

sperm 1068

spermatogenesis 290, 1720

spermatogonia 244

sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) 1728

sphingolipid 285

spike

– fertility 604

– index 605

spikelets 517

squamosa-promoter binding protein 682

squash virus-resistant 903

stable transformation 560, 565

stacking of resistance transgenes 822

standardbred trotter 409

Staphylococcus aureus 750

starch 977

starvation 176

stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) 1759

stem cell 244

stem lodging 1097–1098

steptoe allele 855

sterilization 1702

stewardship 208

stipules 267

stock enhancement 1139, 1141, 1144

– evaluation 1149

– monitoring 1149

streptavidin 833

Streptococcus

– iniae 771

– mutans 1360

streptomycin phosphotransferase (SPT) 1576

stress-and maturation-induced

promoter 1651

stress tolerance 2

strobilurin 543

structure endosperm 974

submergence tolerance 691

sucrose 258, 260, 625

sudden death syndrome (SDS) 1378

Suffolk sheep 365

sugar

– beet

– costs of production 890

– herbicide-tolerant 889

– crop 254

– kelp 159, 163

sugarcane

– bagasse 257

– as a bioenergy crop 256

– cultivation 254

– setts 254

sulfate 799

sulfur 799

sulfurylase (APS) 319

sunfleck 596

sunflower

– dormancy 1428

– seeds 1428

sunflower-soybean intercrop 1523

sun leaf 598

superbinary vectors 567

superoxide dismutases (SOD) 4

supplemental irrigation 1046

surface irrigation 1042

sustainability/sustainable 20–21, 79–80

– agriculture 720, 721

– in animal breeding 79

– aquaculture 208, 210

– breeding 413

1863Index

– development 1447

– ecological aquaculture (SEA)

1529–1532, 1539

– chemicals 1531

– chemotherapeutic compounds 1531

– commercialization 1534

– community design input 1535

– ecological design 1532

– energy consumption 1532

– inorganic fish wastes 1531

– operational framework 1532

– operational involvement 1535

– organic fish wastes 1531

– social sustainability 1534

– species selection 1531

– stock escapes 1531

– farming 388

– herbicide-resistant crops 1545

– indicator 1449–1450

– indices 1448

– productivity 1557

– seafoods 1448

– trajectory 208

sustainable breeding programs 362

sustained multitrait selection 1478

sweet corn 687

sweet sorghum 258–260, 274

– as a bioenergy crop 260

– cultivation 258

– seed germination 258

swine flu 1763

swine pathogen 1746

switchgrass 260, 262–266, 274

– agronomy 266

– for bioenergy 265

– ecotypes 264

– fertility 265

– seed germination 264

symmetry of ignorance 956

synthetic

– biology, 920–921

– breed 45

– fertilizers 726

– pharmaceuticals 1184

– wheats 1303

systemic acquired resistance (SAR) 548, 1596

systemic fungicide 542

systemin 824

Ttachyplesin 1600

taliglucerase alpha 1352

targeted transposon tagging 678

target population of environments

(TPE) 1297

taxonomic key 1013

Taxus

– baccata 1186

– biosynthesis 1192

– cells 1186

T-DNA transfer 582

tebufenozide 571

technology

– agricultural 916

– fast-track 916

– hype cycle 916

– trigger 915

telomerase 244

Teosinte 681

terrestrial

– agriculture 201

– proteins 218

testicular cells 1812

testis stem cell 1812

testosterone steroidogenesis 290

tetracycline 1819

tetraploidy 1083

theory

– of limits of selection 55

– of selection limits 54

therapeutic cloning 1811

therapeutic proteins 1344

thermo-photo ratio 526

thiamine 288

thionin 1597

three-domain Cry toxin 810, 819–820

– domain exchange 822

– fusions 823

– mutagenesis 823

tick-borne disease 363

tillage 251, 535, 727

tiller inhibitor gene (Tin) 515, 604

tilling 918

time to flowering

– controlling 852

– controlling duration of subphases 855

tobacco 314, 319

– chloroplasts 819

– genome 1585

– plants 825, 1576

– virus (TMV) 565, 1360, 1576, 1602

tocochromanol biosynthesis 310

tocopherol 310

tocotrienol d-tocotreinol 310tomato 309

tomato line 680

tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) 1603

topography/topographic 23

total breeding value (TBV) 1483, 1489, 1493

total phenotypic value (TPV) 1493

total soluble protein (TSP) 1346

trace minerals 286

TraitMillTM 10

transcription activator-like

– effector nucleases (TALENs) 755, 1661

– family of type III effectors (TALEs)

913, 919

transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) 580,

1346, 1572

transcription factor 4, 1598, 1661

transcriptome 939, 1174

transcriptomics 8, 1799

transfection 560, 1803

transfer DNA (T-DNA) 669

transformation 559–561, 669

– Agrobacterium-mediated 560–561, 566,

660, 1574, 1585

– in planta technologies 566

– protocol 8

– vector 566

transgene 560, 928, 934

– copy number 1579

– by exogenous inducers 1819

– expression 1571, 1575, 1577, 1586,

1607, 1771, 1803

– expression variability 1576

– intron-mediated enhancement 1577

– loci 1574

– rearrangements 579

– sequential introduction 1750

– silencing 240–241, 579, 583, 1571,

1577, 1579

– zinc finger targeted insertion 918

transgenesis 236, 241, 913, 917, 926,

938–940, 942, 1577, 1702, 1718,

1769–1770, 1791, 1799, 1822

– lentiviral 1728

– viral-mediated 1728

transgenic(s) 560

– alternative gene transfer

methods 1799

– animals 51–52, 1071, 1241, 1716, 1725,

1742, 1769, 1818–1820

– animal welfare 1780

– cost-benefit calculations 756

– disease-resistant 748

– DNA microinjection 1245

– ethical dialogues 1750, 1785

– ethical issues 1777

– expression of multiple

genes 1750

– in food production 1773

– moral concerns 1776

– perceptions 1775

– productivity 52

1864 Index

– as a risk 1775

– socio-economic changes 1778

– usefulness 1776

– chicken 238, 754

– clones 1801

– cotton 1605

transgenic crop 659, 661–662, 873, 914,

1545–1547

– in Brazil 933

– breeding 945, 1595

– in Brazil 932

– commercialized disease

resistant 1603

– disease-resistant 1595

– environmental impact 1613, 1616

– herbicide tolerance 1616, 1623

– insect-resistant 1614, 1617

– next generation 1633

– regulatory framework in the

European Union 1666

– risk assessment 1618, 1666

– salinity tolerance 994

– dairy cows 750

– enzymes 1312

– fish 1698–1699, 1701–1704, 1760

– adaptive and proactive

management 1709

– benefits 1708

– as biomonitors 1708

– ecological hazards 1702

– ecological risk assessment 1701

– effective risk management 1706

– electroporation 1699

– genetic hazards 1702

– growth-enhanced 1702

– hazards 1708

– interactive decision-making

framework 1707

– operations management 1706

– oversight of production 1708

– phenotypic characterization 1702

– physical confinement 1704

– potential harms 1701

– reproductive confinement 1704

– risk management 1704

– food animal 1743, 1760

– herbicide resistance 1553

– crops 1545–1546

– genetic engineering strategies 1550

– non-transgenic strategies 1550

– insect-resistant crops 819

– livestock 1719, 1763

– enhanced nutritional quality 1755

– environmental impact 1742

– ethical concerns 1767, 1769

– food production 1714

– integrity 1781

– naturalness 1781

– risks to humans 1777

– technologies 1717

– maize 940

– mammals 1240

– mice 1760, 1820

– petunia 1577

– phytase enzymes 1652

– pig 1724, 1735, 1743–1744,

1760, 1762

– growth 1743

– health status 1746

– improved digestion 1743

– plant 320, 491, 561, 576, 661, 829,

1329, 1570

– cotransformation 320

– cry proteins 818, 822

– economics of cellulases 1331

– environmental safety 1334

– fungus-resistant 1596

– generation 1572

– insecticidal proteins 817

– insect resistance 824, 831

– insect-resistant 825

– multigene transformation 1193

– multiple toxins 821

– product recovery 1331

– product safety 1333

– pyramiding 821

– regulation of growth 1333

– resistance to geminiviruses 1648

– safety of Host Proteins 1334

– salinity tolerance 998

– supertransformation 320

– proteins 1335

– resistance

– to bacterial pathogens 1599

– to fungal pathogens 1596

– to viral pathogens 1602

– ruminants

– enhanced digestion 1747

– health 1748

– sheep 1760

– technologies 236, 1789

– public perceptions 1773

– risks to animal welfare 1779

– welfare assessment 1779

– tobacco 818, 1598

– transgenic poultry

– enhanced digestion 1747

– health 1747

– transgenic seed 475, 478, 1314

– vector 1726

– virus resistance 1606

– zebrafish 1699

transgenic crop herbicide resistance 1550

transgenic crops 926, 1618

transgenic fish 1701, 1706, 1708

transgenic insect-resistant

crops 819

transgenic plants

– Multigene Transformation 1193

– peroxidase activity 829

transient expression 560

transmissible gastroenteritis virus

(TGEV) 752

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

(TSE) 752, 1762

transpiration efficiency (TE) 627

transplastomic 560

transposase 242

transposon 241, 1732, 1807–1808,

1810, 1821

– insertion 678

– tagging 669

trehalose 997

triacylglyceride 285

triadimenol 1103

triazine 888

triazoles 543

triglyceride 220, 286

triple superphosphate 793

trophectoderm (TE) 1073, 1078

true breeding value 66

trypansome lytic factor (TLF) 756

tryptophan 300

T-strand 575

tuna farming 1123

tunicate 454

turtle 774

tyrosine 288

Uubiquitin 1331

ubiquitin-proteasome pathway 678

ulva 195

umami 191

Undaria 1410

undernourishment 350

universal equine life number (UELN)

system 403

urea 793, 797

urease 793

Vvaccination 754, 1360

vaccine 1350, 1359–1360

Vant Hoff rule 33

1865Index

variable heavy-chain domain (VHH)

antibodies 1359

veal production 357

vector 1574, 1822

vegetation diversification 26

vegetative insecticidal protein

(VIP) 1616

vegetative phytomer 515

vegetative storage protein (VSP) 641

vernalization 519, 522–523, 526, 854

– genes 852

– genetic regulation 523

vertebrate genes 1813

Vip proteins 816, 822

Vip3 toxins 816

viral

– diseases 1602

– genes 1603

– pseudo-typing 240

– replication 1603, 1606

– vectors 1347

vir genes 563

virus

– diseases 1605

– infections 1595

– transmission 1602

virus-resistant papaya 902

vitamin

– A 288, 292, 300

– B complex 288

– C 288, 289, 311

– D 289

– E 289, 310

– K 289

Wwater

– availability 1467

– framework directive 1134,

1443, 1448

– for irrigation 734

– management 619, 1464,

1466–1467

– nutrient management 1467

– remote sensing (RS) data 1467

– quality 433

– scarcity 615–616, 1046

– soluble carbohydrate (WSC) 1301

– stress 624, 1650

– use efficiency (WUE)

615–616, 622, 628, 734,

1464–1465

waterlogging 734

watershed 177

waxy preprotein 687

weather

– conditions 734

– information 390

– forecasts 734

weed 26, 729, 906, 1432–1433, 1520, 1549,

1553–1554, 1623

– control 906, 1623

– emergence models 1432

– floras 729

– herbicide-resistant 1553

– infestation 26

– interbreeding-related 1554

– production 1520

– resistance 1549

– transposon-bearing 1553

– WeedCast model 1433

weedy rice 1548

whale 776

wheat 252, 977–979, 1552

– breeding 1299

– coleoptile semidwarfs 1303

– flour iron and folate fortification 293

– germplasm 1300, 1303

– grain 977–978

– inflorescence 682

– lodging 1107

– phytomers 517

– selective herbicides 1548

white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) 421

whole effluent toxicity (WET) test 770

whole foods markets (WFM) 780

whole genome selection (WGS) 344

wild allele 1173

wild fish stock 771

wild rice 685

wind

– energy 155

– farm 161, 165, 169

wind-energy farm 155

windmill 158, 160

wind turbine 157, 167

winning genotype 861

Wolff-Chaikoff effect 290

wood/woody

– biomass

– crops 266

– eucalyptus 269

– crop 275

working waterfront 180

world

– food

– production 715

– program (WFP) 292

– population 347

Wright’s numerator 92

Xxanthosine 831

xenotransplantation 1736, 1769,

1772, 1776

xerophthalmia 288

xylanase 1747

xylose 1657

Yyeast artificial chromosome (YAC) 582, 669,

676, 679, 1313

yield

– conventional breeding efforts 713

– decline 713

– field-to-field variability 709

– fungicide protection 700

– gap 700, 702

– closing 705

– in the developing world 709

– estimates 705

– farm-level technical constraints 708

– gene 1650

– genetic engineering 714

– genetic variation 713

– growth 701, 716

– increase 699

– loss 624

– physiological parameters 1300

– potential 728

– yield-enhancing technology 703

young bull 744–745

ZZea mays 681

zinc 290, 318

– deficiency 799

– fertilization 295

– fortification 293

– supplements 292

zinc finger 1823

– endonucleases 583, 1346

– nucleases (ZFN) 7, 55, 918, 1248, 1578,

1733, 1790, 1816

– technology 913

zona pellucida (ZP) 1068

zoonosis 364

zoonotic diseases 756

zooplankton 453, 1115, 1367

zygote 1068–1069, 1719