GNSS Overview in the New Year!

Presented By:

- Joel Cusick

- Jan 13, 2016

- 10:00am 11:30 am

- Room 409- ARO

National Park ServiceU.S. Department of the Interior

Alaska Regional Office

RTK Class Participants - April 2015

Altered by:

- Nigel Shaw

- 4/18/2016

GNSS In Use

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Overview-GNSS* for the New Year

Space

User Segment

*GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System

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Space Overview

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12,000 km above earth

plane

6 orbital planes

Space Medium Earth Orbital - MEO

GPS and all Global Navigation Satellites are here

MEO cont..

Operational

GPS USA (31 satellites)

GLONASS Russia (28 satellites)

In Development

Galileo EUROPE (4 today, 22 planned)

BeiDou CHINA (30 planned)

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MEO Faster fixes, better geometry better yield under trees,

Number of Middle of Alaska (N. of Denali) . All MEO systems, 10 degrees above horizon

MEO Faster fixes, better geometry, better yield under trees

SV just north of Denali . All MEO systems, 10 degrees above horizon

Quiz Question.For a concerned about precision in the open, what satellite measure is improved by having the GLONASS and other additional satellites ?

Space Geosynchronous - GEO

Most serve as communications

Serve as augmentation (improvement) to GPS

Augmentation Systems include

WAAS FAA

Other subscription based augmentations

GlobalStar John Deere Starfire, now Trimble

RTX (L-Band) Trimble

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GEO Relevant to this Overview

WAAS FAA GREAT FOR ALASKA

Free, AK wide coverage. Limitations

In Anchorage 160 Azimuth, 19 degrees elevation

Sub-meter (GeoXT); 3 meters

Other Systems NOT SO GREAT

Search and Rescue Satellites

GlobalStar SPOT

Example showing coverage for a Trimble subscription service.

Space Low Earth Orbital - LEO

Two Way Communications

Use satellites instead of ground cellular systems

Ideal for Alaskans to talk to each other

Globalstar (SPOT)

Iridium (Satellite Phones, DeLorme Explorer)

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Space Low Earth Orbital - LEO

Iridium network (Satellite Phones, DeLorme Explorer)

Orbital paths and density of satellites cover Alaska well

You can see from this graphic, coverage is very good for AK w/just

one SV.

Not 100%, but good.

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Space Summary

MEO

GPS satellites still serve as the premier Navigation system Go USA.

GNSS satellites continue to fill in gaps, especially for those in the north.

GEO - synchronous satellites (like WAAS) are low on the horizon in Alaska

coverage for Alaska due to orbital paths and density

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Control - Overview

Ground Control is crucial in using any Navigation system

Depending on the satellite system in use, the Ground system plays a part in keeping the satellites on track to enabling the communication between a user and a satellite network

Differential Correction Options CORS (NGS) Map to talk about these three:

http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS_Map/CORS network

FAA WAAS – 1 sec

USCG Beacons – 5 sec

Differential Correction Options Summary

Lost a few CORS but overall our CORS network remains healthy for now.

WAAS is especially good in Alaska because of high use of aircraft which resulted in a dense network of ground stations

US Coast Guard Beacon stations transmit corrections. Few are using this older augmentation mostly because WAAS is cheaper to implement into the receiver but still serve as an important navigation system

All Ground Stations are watching the ionosphere and compensating for the largest errors in the GPS budget

USER SEGMENT

Receiver Comparison

Storage Strategy Cost Accuracy

$100s $10,000+$3000+

GIS Data User Segment

Standardized on particular manufacturer (Trimble) that produce ruggedized, simple-to-use devices with a strong support network

Collect lines and polys in addition to points

Feature level attributes (precision)

Ties to the same Control network as surveyors -CORS

Trimble devices tend to have the highest historical reliability.

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GIS Data Users - Highlights

Trimble Juno 3B The Garmin Killer Integrated camera, 2-5 meter w/out postprocessing, incl.

microphone input, better accuracy, similar cost. Runs on Windows. Put topo in background

Trimble Geo7X Trimble top of the line

pole, perfect for trail mapping, incl. under canopy.

Pathfinder Office improvements

better image handling, concatenate & integrate attributes (e.g. FMSS ID and condition go from 2 fields to 1 field in

post processing.E X P E R I E N C E Y O U R A M E R I C A

Recreation GPS

Largest Device Inventory of Devices and Support ~ 500 devices

Simple waypoint collection and navigation

GeoTagging device (turn on tracks and forgettaboutit)

Backup to collecting data under poor yield conditions (canopy)

Simple trail, building, Instrumentation collection

DNRGPS allows excellent datum conversion

GPX integration into ArcGIS is simple -see IRMA

Reference:

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Garmin Map76X

Recreation GPS - Highlights

Modern handhelds (64 / eTREX, 78)

Subscribe to background maps may provide you with some value

Still 2-5 meter device (no improvement in 10

Most DNRGPS routines will work, but optimized for GPX file collection and transfer

Stay away from Oregon and Montana units.

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Survey Grade GPS 2-5 cm horizontal accuracy

Standardized on particular manufacturer (Trimble) that produce ruggedized, devices with a strong support network

Ties to the same Control network as surveyors - CORS

Trimble devices tend to have high historical reliability.

2 data collectors & 2 receivers (R10)

Submit all Geodetic Marks (GCP) to OPUS Shared

http://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS/view.jsp

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Survey Summary

Setup Base level over a GCP, Collect positions for at least 2 hours, ideally 4 hours.

Trimble Business Center.

PostProcessing can be tricky, but new advancements in GIS module allows you to directly populate SDE / file Geodatabases using Survey Grade workflows.

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Collecting GIS Data with an iPad

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Designed for no internet connection

Consumer (Recreational) grade location (3-10 m)

Automatic integration into enterprise GIS

iPad multi-purpose mobile device

Collector had only worked on iPad but now available for Windows.

Watch the Webinar (8/2014) and observe the PDF: First Tuesday

NPS custom solution, Park Collector/Observer (Regan Sarwas).

- #1 Way to Increase Accuracy! Since navigation satellites are in MEO and GEO

orbits, an antenna location is key in collecting reliable, accurate data with the least amount of multipath

Any device with integrated GPS means integrated antenna

Use an external (as good a quality that you can afford) for all Collections

Trimble - $1500 and a pole

iPAD SXBlue ($800) or a GLONASS antenna

Garmin Gilsson GA 27C patch antenna

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Support Alaska GIS Website

Divided into General, Recreational, Mapping, Survey and Photos/GPS

http://inpakroms03web/rgr/akgis/index.cfm?action=dsp&topic=gps&item=gps

Std ddf (e.g. trails)

stu

down all params, hide PDOP, etc.

Compare cameras, how to geotag.

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When Things Go Wrong

And They

Always take notes

Compass

Map

Simple Personal Navigation devices

Flight, float plans

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Support Summary

Use our Website for most of the routine questions

Data Dictionaries for Trails, buildings, instrumentation, cultural resources are all found there.

spring

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What Else Is New???

Lasers

More integrated devices provide distance, azimuth to features (Geo7X)

Independent lasers connect thru Bluetooth

Cameras

Continue to see more Cameras with integrated GPS.

Be careful there are limitations

GeoTagging Software NPS free licensing to GeoJot (formerly GPS Photolink) Points only.

Sensors including Imaging sensors

Explore http://www.trimble.com/Industries/More/index.aspx

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Summary Satellite navigation is not just GPS anymore.

Continued densification of the GNSS constellation will only continue to benefit all users

WAAS continues to provide outstanding augmentation on the GPS Signal.

Always use high quality external antennas whenever possible

Use the highest accuracy GNSS system possible for standard collection (trails, buildings, court cases), includes capability of attribution and post-processing i.e. Trimble.

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Links

All things GPS http://inpakroms03web/rgr/akgis/index.cfm?action=ds

p&topic=gps&item=gps

Get Latest Data Dictionaries

Buildings, Trails, Instrumentation, Cultural http://inpakroms03web/rgr/akgis/index.cfm?action=ds

p&topic=gps&item=professional

Trimble Support Page http://www.trimble.com/support

Your Trimble Registration Page http://www.trimble.com/register