GNSS Training for ITS Developers

Characterisation of EGNSS performances in relationship with the application requirements

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performances

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performances

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

Using eGNSS in applications: what are the main challenges ?

Main issues to be addressed for an geolocalized application:

• Availability of the system: Where and when can the positionning information be provided ? Where are the blank areas ?

• Performance of the system/reliability: How the environment can disrupt the positionning quality ? Can I trust the positionning information ?

• Indoor navigation: How can users get indoor positioning ? • Integrity: Capability of providing timely warnings to the user when the service

should not be used. • Time To First Fix: Measure of the time required for a GNSS receiver to acquire

satellite signals and navigation data, and calculate a position solution. • Safety Requirements: How can GNSS be used in distress situations ? • Robustness to interferences/Authentification: How can external sources jam the

GNSS signal ?

To compute the location of the receiver, the principle of « Time of Arrival » is used: the receiver measures the travel time of four LOS signals to perform the triangulation. GNSS Propagation in urban environment is disrupted by the buildings surrounding the receiver:

- The masks created by the buildings prevent the signal from reaching the receiver

Availibility problem

- The signal interacts with the local environment. Multipaths are received.

Performance problem (errors, fading effect)

GNSS Reception in constrained environments

Availability/continuity problems

GPS reception simulation in the center of Toulouse, France. Simulator: SE-NAV

Blue areas: less than four satellites

No positioning

Performance / Continuity

GPS positioning in Rue de Remusat (narrow street in Toulouse downtown) . Source: SPIRENT/OKTAL-SE

Maximum error: 9m

Integrity

• Major requirement for safety-of-life application.

• Solutions: – SBAS (for Satellite-Based Augmentation System): GEO satellites

broadcast the augmentation information (e.g. corrections and integrity-related). Limited to a Regional Area.

– GBAS (for Ground-Based Augmentation System): Local grounds beacons provides GNSS augmentation through Very High Frequency Data Broadcast.

– ABAS (for Aircraft-Based Augmentation System): Only Integrity, no correction. Two techniques:

• RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring): Only GNSS

• AAIM (Airborne Autonomous Integrity Monitoring): GNSS + On board sensors

Time To First Fix (TTFF)

• Time to receive current GPS satellite signals, almanacs and ephemeris data.

• Different definitions:

– Cold Start: No data stored in the receiver.

– Warm Start: Valid Ephemeris and clock corrections stored in the receiver.

– Hot Start: Warm start, accurate positions and clock errors.

Robustness to interferences

• Crucial for security/defense applications.

Interferences types: • Spoofing: making a GPS receiver

calculate a false position. • Jamming: overpowering GPS

satellite signals locally so that a receiver can no longer operate.

• Meaconing: intentional delay and rebroadcast of a GNSS signal intended to introduce error to receivers

• Ionospheric scintillation • Extreme Space Weather

Need to authentify the signal

Indoor reception

Source: Global Positioning, Wiley

Search And Rescue

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performances

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

EGNOS performance

• Integrity

• Better Accuracy

• Compliance with safety requirements and standards

• Potentially improved quality of synchronization

• Better Availability

GALILEO performance

• Better Accuracy

• Better resistance to multipaths

• Better TTFF

• Authentification

• SAR service with return link

• Accurate time

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performance

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

Market Segmentation

Cumulative core revenue 2013-2023 Source: GNSS Market Report, Issue 4, GSA

Applications types: - Mass Market Consumer Applications - Workforce, Fleet, Traffic and Asset

Management - Liability-critical Applications - Safety-critical Applications - High-Precision Applications - Timing Applications For Financial

Services, Energy and Telecom

Mass Market Consumer Applications

• Associated Market: LBS, Road, Aviation, Maritime, Rail

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

Workforce, Fleet, Traffic and Asset Management

• Associated Market: LBS, Road, Rail, Agriculture

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

Liability-critical Applications

• Associated Market: Road, LBS, Maritime

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

Safety-critical Applications

• Associated Market: Aviation, Road, LBS, Rail and Maritime

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

High Precision Applications

• Associated Market: Agriculture and Surveying

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

Timing Applications for Financial Services, energy and telecom

• Associated Market: Agriculture and Surveying

EGNOS GALILEO

Better Availability

Better Accuracy

Better resistance to multipaths

Integrity

Better TTFF

Safety Requirements

Authentification

Accurate Time

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performances

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

LBS

• Examples of Geolocalized applications: – Navigation: example of application

– Mapping & GIS

– Geo marketing and advertising

– Safety and emergency

– Enterprise applications

– Sports

– Games and augmented reality

– Social networking

– Professionnal application

– …

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values

eGNSS:

• Improves accuracy and availability of the service, thanks to additional satellites.

• Fastens the computation of receiver first positioning thanks to a faster TTFF.

• Improves performances in challenging environments, such as urban canyons, allowing a reliable use of LBS

• Emits an authentified signal to protect against spoofing interferences

• Improves indoor penetration

Example of LBS: SICASSE

• Project dealing with the development of a geolocalized service.

• The SICASSE system aims at studying of the evolution of natural species in montainous areas.

SICASSE - Architecture

SICASSE server

Image processing

Laboratory Natural Environment

EPoI

Step 2: SICASSE Lite download (ou MAJ)

Step 3: Guiding

PI

Etape 4: Framing and shooting

Step 5: Raw data sending

Database

Step 6: Data Recording

Step 7: Data usage

SICASSE – Image Processing

Super Pixels

Pixels

Textures

SICASSE – Changes Detection

Reference Image

New Picture

Textures

SICASSE – Changes Detection

Reference Image

New Picture

Textures

Maritime

• Example of maritime applications: – Navigation at sea or inland waterways

– Traffic management and surveillance

– Search and Rescue

– Fishing vessel control

– Port operations (dredging, docking…)

– Marine engineering

– …

eGNSS:

• Increases and guarantees positioning accuracy, availability and reliability

• Manages Forward Link to transmit distress calls from beacons to Mission Controls Centers.

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values

Control of Fishing Vessels

• 87500 EU vessels + Non EU Vessels to be controlled

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) Automatic Identification System (AIS )

SAR: Cospas-Sarsat

Distress Beacon: transmits signals during distress situations

Satellites: detect the signals transmitted by distress radiobeacons.

MEO Local Users Terminal: receives and processes the satellite downlink signal to generate distress alerts.

Mission Control Center (MCC): receives alerts produced by LUTs and forward them to Rescue Coordination Centers (RCCs), Search and Rescue Points Of Contacts (SPOCs) or other MCCs.

Return Link Service Provider (RLSP): provides the users in distress a an acknowledgment message informing them that the alert has been detected and located.

Aviation

• Examples of Applications/Projects/Infrastrure: – Performance Based Navigation (PBN)

– Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs)

– Automatic Depended Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B)

– Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs)

– …

eGNSS: • Enables to develop Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)

in line with ICAO standards • Increases safety, reduce congestion, save fuel, protect

the environment, reduce infrastructure operating costs, and maintain reliable all weather operations, even at the most challenging airports

• Ensures more robustness against vulnerabilities (iono,interferences) and integrity

• Allows continuity to offer services and reducing flying time in adverse weather conditions

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Aviation

Performance Based Navigation

Approach technique

23/03/2015

G P S & G A L I L E O E G N O S

With EGNOS

With GBAS

Project P4F: Operation Principle

41

Project P4F: Dynamic Generation of flight Procedures

Rail

• GNSS Application – High Density Command & Control Systems

– Low Density Line Command & Control Systems

– Asset Management

– Passenger Information

– …

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Rail

eGNSS

• Enables the determination of train locations without the need for dense trackside infrastructure

• Enables Signal availability in difficult environments and final position accuracy

• Reinforces the use of GNSS in rail applications in the future

Auxiliary Battery

GBOX in Train – Block Diagram

GNSS Antenna*

Frontal Camera

180° Camera

Telecom Antenna For RTK

Odometer

G-BOX

IMU*

GBOX – Accuracy

Satellite Signal Propagation

13/11/2014 RAILWAY - GNSS Performance Tests 47

14 08 31 02 15

07

SE-NAV simulation: Multipaths in a station

Agriculture

• GNSS application: – Farm machinery guidance

– Automatic steering

– Variable rate application

– Yield monitoring

– Biomass monitoring

– Soil condition monitoring

– Livestock tracking

– Farm machinery monitoring and asset management

– Geo-traceability

– Field delineation

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Agriculture

27/09/2013 CASE STUDY - GNSS & AGRICULTURE 50

eGNSS: • Increases yield production • Enables Better management of resources • Reduces

• Chemical pollution • Reduction of waste and over-application of fertilisers and herbicides • Reduced of seed consumption

• Saving Costs • Fuel savings • Extended equipment life due to an optimised usage

• Time • Time savings • Reduced fatigue

Development of Autonomous Guidance

• Main issues:

– Curves

– Banks

– Mounds

– Ranks…

Performance assessment

ACCURACY, the Key-Feature

Machine Guidance

Tracking & Tracing

Bulk Spreading, Area measurement, Field mapping,…

Economic Aspects

1m

1k€

PRICES

ACCURACY 10m 0,1m

0,1k€

10k€

Surveying

• GNSS Application

– Cadastral Surveying

– Construction Surveying

– Mapping

– Mining

– Marine Surveying

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Surveying

eGNSS

• satisfies the needs of mapping applications requiring enhanced GPS positioning by providing added value, free of charge.

• improves the accuracy for cadastral, Construction and Mine Surveying

• ensures the trustworthiness of positioning information (Commercial Service authentication)

Timing and Synchronization

• GNSS Application

– Telecommunications

– Energy

– Finance

EGNOS/GALILEO Added Values for Timing and Synchronisation

eGNSS

• brings improved resilience to Timing & Sync operations

• enables Better performance of a GNSS T&S Service (e.g. availability)

• provides authentication functions

• Ensures redundancy/continuity of service

• Ensures Robutness to spoofing

Table of Content

eGNSS for Application: Main Challenges

EGNOS and GALILEO Performances

Market segmentation

Applications Types

Conclusion

Conclusion

• GALILEO and EGNOS can improve existing application bringing more accuracy, performance, integrity and robustness to spoofing.

• GALILEO and EGNOS may aid to the development of new application thanks to real advantages.

• Current/Future application will use signals from multiconstellations / multisystems. Developers need to be prepared and shall use these signals in their system