Upload
mary-elizabethclinton
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
1/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
This Handout is interactive
To help you start to make notes fill in the blanks
You may of course add your own notes and jottings in the margins
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
2/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 2
Types of
Linguistic
Theoretical ---------------
--------------
Language
Structure
Grammar Meaning
the rules that words
combine into
phrases andsentences
Phonology
Foreign language
teaching
Speech therapy,
Lexicography and
TranslationDiscourse Analysis,
----------------------Speech Pathology.Phonology
The study of
-----------------------
Comparative
Linguistics and
Historical
Linguistics
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
3/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Divisions, Specialties, and Subfields
Phonetics, the study of the sounds of human language .
Phonology (or phonemics), the study of
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words
Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical
sentences.
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words(lexical semantics)and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these
combine to form the meanings of sentences.
-----------------, the study of how utterances are used (literally,
figuratively, or otherwise) in communicative acts.
Discourse analysis, the study of sentences organized into texts.
Language acquisition, the study of how language is acquired
L1 Child Acquisition and L2 -----------------------------
Historical linguistics or Diachronic linguistics, the study of
languages whose historical relations are recognizable through
similarities in vocabulary, word formation, and syntax
Diachronic linguistics is also known as ----------------------
Psycholinguistics, the study of the cognitive processes and
representations underlying language use
-----------------------, the study of social patterns of linguistic
variability
Clinical linguistics, the application of linguistic theory to the
area of Speech-Language Pathology
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 3
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
4/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Neuro linguistics the study of the brain networks that
underlies grammar and communication
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 4
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
5/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 5
Psycholinguistics
ComputationalLinguistics
Critical
Discourse
Analysis
Anthropological
Linguistics
And
Linguistic
Anthropology
Sociolinguistics
Contextual
Linguistics
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
6/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Period Theorist Notes
Ancient Tolkappiyanaar
Bhart hari
19th C. Jakob Grimm
Grimms Law
Karl Verner
Verners Law
August Schleicher
Stammbaumtheorie is
Johannes Schmidt
Wellentheorie is
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 6
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
7/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 7
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
8/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Period Theorist Notes
20th C. Ferdinand de
Saussure
Edward Sapir
Zellig Harris
Leonard Bloomfield
Contemporary Noam Chomsky
Michael Hoey
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 8
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
9/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
SapirWhorf hypothesis A theory of the relationship between language and thought
expounded in its most explicit form by the American anthropological linguists
Edward Sapir (18841939) and Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897 1941). Also known
as the theory of linguistic relativity, the hypothesis states (in the words of Whorf)that we dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages . . . by the
linguistic systems in our minds. The differences in world-view imposed by
different languages have, however, proved extremely difficult to elucidate or test
experimentally, and the fact of successful bilingual translation weakens the force
of the theorys claims; as a result, the SapirWhorf hypothesis has made little
impact on contemporary psycholinguistics, though the 1990s saw a renewed
interest from cognitive psycholinguists and others.
Crystal, D. (2008)A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics 6th Edition. p. 422
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 9
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
10/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Homework, you do not need any dictionaries or books, just
try to work it out.
Agta
Adapted by Tom Payne from Healey, Phyllis M. 1960. An Agta grammar. Manila: Bureau of printing.
The following list of words is from the Agta language of the Central Cagayan Valley
in the Northern island of Luzon, in the Philippines. There are now only about 600
speakers of this variety of Agta, although there are perhaps 10,000 people in the
Philippines who speak other varieties also known as Agta. The Agta people now
speak an Austronesian language similar to other languages spoken in the Philippines.
However, they are descended from the Melanesian people who were present in the
Philippines before the Austronesian peoples arrived. The Agta language is now
seriously endangered.
wer creek
balabahuy little pig
talobag beetle
bakbakat granny
palapirak little money
bahuy 'pig'
bag 'loincloth'
walawer 'little creek'
balabag 'little loincloth'takki leg
labang 'patch'
Now you have enough information to translate the following words into Central
Cagayan Agta:
'little leg.'
'money'
'little
beetle' (this is the word for 'lady bug.')
'little patch''little granny'
What is the rule for making diminutives in Agta?
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 10
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
11/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
Rebus Puzzles
1
2
3
4
5
6
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 11
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]8/8/2019 Go Higher Arts Lang 2010 1
12/12
Go Higher Arts
Introduction to Language
1. A cut above the rest
2. Forgive and forget
3. Tongue in cheek
4. Crossroads
5. Painless operation
6. Glance backwards
7. Rising price of rice
M.E. Clinton [email protected] page 12
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]