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By showing actual objects and showing models- Gives real experience and sense to learners.( Examples: table, chair, flowers)- Very effective and meaningful in showing meaning. - Words are taught by showing models ( easily available in market, inexpensive)- Illustrate and demonstrate to the students by using the realia.- Method used – Direct Method

Using demonstrations and showing pictures.Fun and frolic, makes the class student-centered.Flashcards, wall charts, board drawings, pictures and maps- develop students’ understanding of a particular

concept or word.Picture dictionary- use multi-sensory way.Ideal for presenting and practicing (distributed practice)Mental images- use the key word technique

Teaching words in context Setting a good context ( interesting, plausible, vivid, and has relevance to the lives of the learners)- helps

engaging the attention of the learners and generating the target vocabulary

Using dictionaries Important tool in the teaching and learning of vocabulary Teachers should encourage students to search words in dictionaries. Help students determine the precise meaning of a word.

Word map Students work in small groups to learn connections among words by brainstorming and organizing

words according to a map that they designed. Example : a key concept word in the center of the page with rays connecting related words.

Crossword puzzle Offers an entertaining way of reviewing vocabulary. Asking the students to cooperate in groups to find the word that the puzzle contains.

Role-play To create the presence of a real life situation in the classroom. Gives students opportunity to practice communicatively in different social contexts and different social

roles.

Use video to produce a target vocabulary Select a video segment that contains a series of actions or visual detail. Provide learners with a list of target vocabulary words and ask them to construct into a paragraph.

Actions and gestures Especially appropriate if teaching beginners. Method used- Total Physical Response (TPR)

Definitions Providing an example situation, giving several example sentences, giving synonyms, antonyms, superordinate terms, giving a full definition.

Situations Providng a scenario which clearly contextualizes the target word. Reinforcing a situational presentation with pictures, board drawings, gestures makes it more intelligible.

Sources : Article 7 &

Article 8