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Présentation de Lenardo Menchini, Spécialiste politiques sociales et suivi & évaluation, UNICEF Egypte, à la Conférence Internationale d'Experts sur la mesure et les approches politiques pour améliorer l'équité pour les nouvelles générations dans la région MENA à Rabat, Maroc du 22 au 23 mai 2012.o
Citation preview
Going Beyond National Averages:
The Egypt governorates’ equity profiles and the study on child poverty
in slums
Leonardo Menchini, UNICEF Egypt
Conference on Measurement and Policy Approaches to Enhance Equity
for the New Generation in MENA
Rabat, 22 May 2012
Egypt: 2000-2010: a decade of mixed results for children
Marked improvements in many key child indicators
• Child mortality: MDG4 target met around 2005)
• Young child health (more than 90% of children of children fully immunized)
• Education: MDG 2 likely to be met by 2015, with gender parity in enrollment in basic education
Source: EDHS, various editions
Infant and under-5 mortality
ANC, SBA, immunization
Egypt: 2000-2010: a decade of mixed results for children
… but also stagnation or deterioration in some others …• Growingly high levels of chronic
malnutrition• Growing number of adolescents at
risk of obesity• Continuous increase in monetary
poverty (despite the sustained economic growth, and high spending in social protection)
• High levels of youth unemployment• Challenging education quality
Persisting high levels of:• Child labour, children living on the
street, FGM/C (despite the decrease in prevalence among young women)
Source: EDHS various editions
Undernutrion (children<5)
Monetary poverty
Persistent high levels of disparities (geographical and by socio-economic status)
Regional and socio-economic disparities are still large, even if there were some signs of convergence in the last decade:
• Upper Egypt and rural zones are the areas were disadvantage is more concentrated (including poorer economic and social infrastructure)
• In part the convergence of well-being was due to the stagnation or deterioration of indicators in urban areas (rapid growth in the population living in slums and informal settlement)
Child income poverty
Upper Eg
ypt, r
ural
Upper Eg
ypt, u
rban
Frontier
gove
rnorat
e
Urban
gove
rnorat
es
Lower
Egyp
t, rural
Lower
Egyp
t, urb
an0
1020304050 45.7
34.4 33.5 32.227.6
18
Under-5 mortality rate, by region, 2008Un
der-
5 m
orta
lity
rate
, per
thou
sand
liv
e bi
rths
Available statistical data sources and their limitations
• Census, 2006• Administrative data (demographic, education …)
• Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey, 1999-2000, 2004-05, 2008-09, 2010-11
• Labour Force Survey • Demographic and Health Survey (2000, 2003, 2005, 2008 …
the next planned for late 2012- early 2013)• Survey on Young People in Egypt, 2010• IDSC Family Conditions Survey 2008-2010
Egypt is relative data rich, but for some key child indicators the most recent statistics are from 2008. Most sources report national averages, and data for macro-regions, but not for governorates, districts etc.
Main data initiatives of UNICEF Egypt
Toofula Info (database on child rights indicators developed in collaboration with the Child Rights Observatory)
EgyInfo (with CAPMAS)
Monitoring Results for Equity System (for the Perinatal Care Programme in Upper Egypt, in collaboration with MoHP)
Governorate Equity Profiles (secondary analysis of existing survey, including DHS and FCS)
Survey on child multidimensional poverty in slums and unplanned urban areas
The Governorate Equity Profiles
Based on the secondary analysis of existing household surveys (with data representative at governorate level), Census and Administrative data.
To respond to the lack of subnational data, making more extensive and efficient use of the existing data sources
The current (still internal) version includes demographic and economic/poverty data from CAPMAS, and the elaboration of the last EDHS. The disaggregated results from Family Conditions Survey is being included now
Contents of the Governorate Profiles
• Demography
• Nutrition
• Maternal and New Born Health Care
• Immunization
• HIV/AIDS
• FGM/c
• Education
• Water and Sanitation
• Employment and Poverty
Example of section of the governorate profileMaternal and newborn health, Cairo
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH CAIRO
98
49
32
38
92
91
49
88
51
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Children 1 year-old immunized against measles
Early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hourof birth)
Proportion of last births who had any postnatalcare
Caesarean deliveries
Births attended by skilled health personnel
Antenatal care coverage for at least one visit(ANC)
Antenatal care coverage for at least four visits
Proportion of mothers who consumed iron-richfoods
Proportion of mothers who consumed vitamin A-rich foods
Coverage along the continuum of care (%)
Pre-pregnancy
Pregnancy
Birth
Neonatal period
Infancy
(EDHS, 2008)
Example of section of the governorate profileMaternal and newborn health, Assiut
MATERNAL AND NEWBORN HEALTH ASSIUT
97
56
30
14
56
72
56
80
54
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Children 1 year-old immunized against measles
Early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hourof birth)
Proportion of last births who had any postnatalcare
Caesarean deliveries
Births attended by skilled health personnel
Antenatal care coverage for at least one visit(ANC)
Antenatal care coverage for at least four visits
Proportion of mothers who consumed iron-richfoods
Proportion of mothers who consumed vitamin A-rich foods
Coverage along the continuum of care (%)
Pre-pregnancy
Pregnancy
Birth
Neonatal period
Infancy
(EDHS, 2008)
Visualising disparities among governorates
Sohag 56% Upper Egypt 66%
52% 98%Fayum Port Said
Egypt Average 79%
Births attended by skilled health
personnel
Lowest level 48Monufia
DamiettaHighest level 95
61.0
73.6
Ante-natal care
MeniaEgypt
Lowest level 48Monufia
DamiettaHighest level 95
91.0
73.6
Ante-natal care
CairoEgypt
Equity profiles: visualizing disparities using maps (DevInfo)
Beni-Suef
67
Alexandria
91
Port-Said
98
Suez
95
96Dakahlia
95Sharkia
73Kalyoubia
87
Kafr El-Shkh
92
84Menoufia
82
Behra
85
Cairo
92
Giza
83South Sinai
Fayoum
52
Menia
58
Assyout
56
Suhag
56
Quena
74
Aswan
89
Luxor 93
Red SeaNew Valley
Matrouh
North SinaiIsmailia
93
Source: EDHS 2008
Proportion of births assisted by skilled health personnel (%)
Survey on child multidimensional poverty in slums and unplanned urban areas
Study started in late 2011, aiming to better understand inequalities in urban areas, and in particular poverty and vulnerabilities of children living in slums and unplanned areas.
Ongoing research, based on a household survey designed specifically to collect data on child multimensional poverty and wellbeing
6000 households (14000 children) in 4 major Egypt’s cities (Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said and Sohag)
Preliminary results: early June
Thank you
UNICEF Egypt
www.unicef.org/Egypt
May 2012