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Golden Ages
Golden Age is:
A period of success in a culture/society. This
usually means that they have success in math,
science, literature and medicine.
Considered the high point of a society.
Chinese Dynasties
Shang: 1650-1027 BC
Zhou: 1027-256 BC
Han: 206 BC- 220 AD
Tang: 618-907
Song: 960-1279
Ming: 1368-1644
Government
Dynastic Cycle: Mandate of
Heaven- When a dynasty went into
decline and began to abuse its
power, it was said to lose the
Mandate of Heaven and a new one
would take over.
With the Han Dynasty they created
Civil Service.
This is getting the best person
to do the job based on taking a
test dealing with Confucianism.
Religion/Philosophy
Confucianism and Buddhism
Art and Architecture
Han: Carvings of jade,
wood and ivory.
Building of elaborate
temples.
Produced Silk.
Developed the Silk Road.
Song: Build pagodas
(Buildings with curved
roofs), calligraphy and
porcelain.
Literature
Tang: Block printing.
Zhou: 1st books by binding long thin strips of
wood, bamboo.
Ming: Detective stories.
Math and Science
Han: Wrote texts on zoology and botany.
Astronomers: were able to create clocks that
were accurate.
Tang: Created gunpowder.
Medicine
Han: Acupuncture and herbal remedies.
Tang: Smallpox vaccine
People
Wudi: Emperor during
the Han Dynasty.
Created the Civil Service
Reform.
Zheng He: Chinese
explorer who explored
Africa, Asia and the
Arabian Peninsula.
Golden Age of Islam
From the 8th to 13th Century under the Abbasid
Dynasty.
Government
Tolerant of conquered people and welcomed
people to the conversion of Islam.
Followed the Koran as a way to govern.
Religion/Philosophy
All people must be Muslim and must be able to
read Arabic to be able to read the Koran.
Sharia Law:
Book of laws guiding life based on the Koran.
Art and Architecture
In mosques they used geometric shapes and
patterns.
Wrote in calligraphy.
Dome of Rock (Famous mosque in Jerusalem)
Literature
Koran was great literature.
Thousand and One Nights
Math and Science
Study of algebra.
Studied ellipses.
Medicine
Physicians/Pharmacists had to pass exams.
Set up hospitals for trauma cases.
Treatment for cataracts.
Sweet tasting syrup for medicine.
People
Al-Khwarizimi- studied algebra.
Ibn Sina- Wrote Canon on Medicine which was
used as a text for medicine for hundreds of
years.
Mesoamerica
Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs and Incas.
In North America until Europeans came to the
New World in the 1400s.
Mayans and Olmecs
Inca Civilization
Aztec Civilization
Religion
Polytheistic
Art and Architecture
Mayans: large elaborate palaces and pyramid
shaped temples.
Aztecs: Pyramid temples, aqueducts for water,
large stone carvings and colorful paintings.
Incas: Elaborate road system and terrace
farming.
Math and Science
Mayans: Numbering system using the concept of
zero.
365 day a year calendar.
Irrigation system.
Medicine
Aztecs: Setting broken bones, filling cavities.
Incas: Performed surgery, herbal remedies.
African Trading Kingdoms
Ghana, Mali and Songhai in the 1400-1500s in
western Africa.
Government
All of them were influenced by Islam.
Religion/Philosophy
Influenced by Islam which was brought by
Mansa Musa.
Art and Architecture
Often religious in nature.
Religious statues and masks carved from ivory,
wood and bronze.
Literature
Used both oral and written literary traditions.
Histories/folktales passed from generation to
generation orally.
Trade
Became powerful because of the vast trading
networks.
Major product being gold and salt.
People
Mansa Musa
Emperor of Mali. Converted it to 1st African Islamic
Empire.
The Renaissance/Enlightenment
1300-1600 in Europe
Government
Enlightenment looked to explain the purpose of
government and describe it in its best form.
Religion/Philosophy
Humanism
Movement based on the life in the present.
Individual is the most important rather than religion
(afterlife).
Art and Architecture
Perspective: 3 dimensional appearance.
Columns, domes and arches from Rome and
Greece.
Idea of Realism in which everything looks
realistic.
Literature
The Social Contract: Rousseau
Two Treatise of Government: Locke
Leviathan (Hobbes)
Spirit of Laws (Montesquieu)
People
Michelangelo: Painted Sistine Chapel and statue
of David.
Leonardo da Vinci
Painted the Mona Lisa
Jean Jacques Rousseau
People are good, government is for the people.
If government doesn’t do what the people want
they have the right to change it.
John Locke
Believed in the natural rights of people which
included Life, Liberty and Property.
Thomas Hobbes
People are bad so they need government control
and the best government would be one that has
absolute control.
Voltaire
Believes in freedom of speech.
The best way to control the government was to
give people the ability to speak.
Montesquieu
Believed that there should be 3 branches of
government and that each branch should check
each of the other two and balance them out.
Japan
From 1603-1868 under the Tokugawa
Shogunate.
Government
Tokugawa Shogunate: Isolated Japan.
The Shougun not the Emperor had the power.
Religion/Philosophy
Buddhism/Confucianism
Art/Architecture
Kabuki theatre.
Tea ceremonies.
Landscape gardening.
Literature
Haiku poetry.
Cultural Diffusion
Borrowed a lot from China by using the Korean
land bridge.
Greece
5th Century BC-3rd Century BC
Government
City-states of Athens and Sparta.
Athens was the 1st democracy.
Alexander the Great was the Emperor who
controlled a large empire (Hellenistic)
Religion/Philosophy
Famous philosophers of Socrates, Plato and
Aristotle.
Art and Architecture
Paintings and sculptures show humans in perfect
form.
Created columns.
Literature
Plays: Tragedies and Comedies.
Were the 1st historians.
Math and Science
Pythagoras: created a formula for the right
triangle.
Euclid: Modern geometry.
Eratosthenes: Said the earth was round.
Archimedes: Lever and pulley system.
Medicine
Hippocrates:
Standards for doctors. (Hippocratic Oath)
Roman Empire
509BC to 476 AD
Government
Rome: Republic
Patricians: Senators.
Plebeians: Lower class.
Led to the Law of 12 Tables which showed the
Plebeians what they were being charged with.
Art and Architecture
Copied Greek statues.
Arch and domes (like the US capital building)
Math and Science
Roads, harbors, bridges.
Aqueducts (water)
Ptolemy: Earth was the center of the universe.
People
Julius Caesar: Emperor
August Caesar: Grandnephew of Julius who
started the Pax Romana.
Guptas
320-550 AD in India.
Government
Strong central government with some local
control.
Religion/Philosophy
Follow Hindu beliefs.
Follow the Caste System
Literature
Fables and folktales written in Sanskrit.
Math and Science
Concept of zero and decimal system.
Number system (Arabic numbers)
Medicine
Herbal remedies.
Plastic surgery.
Smallpox.