Golden Software, Inc.

Full User's Guide

2D & 3D Graphing for Scientists, Engineers & Business Professionals

www.GoldenSoftware.com

Golden Software, Inc.

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_________________________________

GrapherTM User’s Guide

2D & 3D Graphing Software for Scientists, Engineers & Business Professionals

Golden Software, Inc.

809 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401-1866, U.S.A. Phone: 303-279-1021 Fax: 303-279-0909

www.GoldenSoftware.com

COPYRIGHT NOTICE Copyright Golden Software, Inc. 2011 The GrapherTM User’s Guide is furnished under a single user license agreement. Only a single user may use a single user’s guide. With the purchase of the Grapher User’s Guide, the user is entitled to download the user’s guide content to one (1) electronic medium and print one (1) hardcopy. No part of this document or the related files may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) thereafter. Contents are subject to change without notice. Grapher is a registered trademark of Golden Software, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Contents Chapter 1, Introducing Grapher

Introduction to Grapher ................................................................................... 1 New Features ................................................................................................. 2 System Requirements ..................................................................................... 4 Installation Directions ...................................................................................... 4 Updating Grapher ........................................................................................... 4 Uninstalling Grapher ........................................................................................ 5 A Note about the Documentation ...................................................................... 5 Three-Minute Tour .......................................................................................... 5

Example Grapher Files .................................................................................. 6 Using Grapher ............................................................................................. 6 Creating Graphs in the Plot Window ............................................................... 7 Using Scripter ............................................................................................. 7 Example Script Files ..................................................................................... 7

Grapher User Interface .................................................................................... 8 Changing the Window Layout ......................................................................... 10

Docking Managers...................................................................................... 10 Customizing Toolbars and Buttons ............................................................... 10 Plot Window .............................................................................................. 10 Object Manager ......................................................................................... 11 Property Manager ...................................................................................... 13 Worksheet Manager ................................................................................... 14 Script Manager .......................................................................................... 14 Worksheet Window .................................................................................... 15

File Types .................................................................................................... 16 Grapher Files............................................................................................. 16 Data Files ................................................................................................. 17 Grid Files .................................................................................................. 18

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Plot Types .................................................................................................... 19 2D XY Graphs ............................................................................................ 19 Polar Graphs ............................................................................................. 19 Specialty Graphs........................................................................................ 19 3D XYY Graphs .......................................................................................... 20 3D XYZ Graphs .......................................................................................... 20 Contour Maps ............................................................................................ 20 Surface Maps ............................................................................................ 20

Creating Graphs............................................................................................ 21 Creating Graphs in the Plot Window ............................................................. 21 Creating Graphs with the Graph Wizard ........................................................ 21 Creating Graphs from the Worksheet............................................................ 22 Creating Graphs from a Template File........................................................... 22

Automation .................................................................................................. 23 Scripter .................................................................................................... 23 Script Recorder.......................................................................................... 24 Script Recorder Exercise ............................................................................. 24

Getting Help ................................................................................................. 25 Online Help ............................................................................................... 25 Context-Sensitive Help ............................................................................... 25 Internet Resources..................................................................................... 26 Technical Support ...................................................................................... 26

Contact Information ...................................................................................... 27

Chapter 2, Tutorial Tutorial Introduction ..................................................................................... 29 Tutorial Overview .......................................................................................... 29

A Note About the Documentation ................................................................. 30 Using the Tutorial with the Demo Version ..................................................... 30

Starting Grapher ........................................................................................... 30 Lesson 1 - Viewing and Creating Data ............................................................. 31

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Opening an Existing Data File ...................................................................... 31 Creating a New Data File ............................................................................ 32 Saving the Data File ................................................................................... 33

Lesson 2 - Creating a Graph ........................................................................... 33 Creating a Line/Scatter Plot Graph ............................................................... 33

Lesson 3 - Modifying Plot Properties ................................................................ 34 Selecting the Line/Scatter Plot ..................................................................... 34 Changing the Line/Scatter Plot Properties ..................................................... 34 Displaying Plot Labels ................................................................................. 35 Moving Labels ........................................................................................... 35 Changing Line Plot to a Scatter Plot.............................................................. 36

Lesson 4 - Editing Axes.................................................................................. 37 Selecting the Axis ...................................................................................... 37 Adding an Axis Title ................................................................................... 38 Changing Tick Mark Spacing ........................................................................ 39 Changing Tick Mark Labels .......................................................................... 40 Adding Grid Lines....................................................................................... 41

Lesson 5 - Adding Additional Plots to the Graph ................................................ 43 Adding a New Plot to an Existing Graph ........................................................ 43 Changing the Plot Type ............................................................................... 43 Adding Semi-Transparent Fill....................................................................... 44

Lesson 6 - Editing Graph Properties ................................................................. 45 Adding a Graph Title .................................................................................. 45 Setting Background Fill and Line Properties ................................................... 45

Lesson 7 - Adding and Editing a Legend ........................................................... 46 Adding a Legend ........................................................................................ 46 Moving the Legend ..................................................................................... 46 Editing the Legend Title .............................................................................. 47 Editing the Plot Names ............................................................................... 47 Changing the Number of Symbols ................................................................ 48 Changing the Symbol Size .......................................................................... 48

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Changing the Line Length ........................................................................... 49 Adding a Drop Shadow ............................................................................... 49 Creating Multiple Columns in the Legend ...................................................... 49 Filling the Legend ...................................................................................... 50

Lesson 8 - Working with the Script Recorder .................................................... 50 Opening the Script Manager ........................................................................ 51 Start Recording ......................................................................................... 51 Opening a New Plot Window ........................................................................ 52 Creating a Line/Scatter Plot ........................................................................ 52 Changing the X Axis Date/Time Limits .......................................................... 53 Changing the Date/Time Tick Mark Spacing................................................... 53 Changing the X Axis Date/Time Tick Label Format.......................................... 54 Adding X Axis Grid Lines ............................................................................. 54 Adding Linked Text to the Graph Title ........................................................... 55 Exporting the Graph ................................................................................... 56 Stopping and Saving the Script.................................................................... 56 Running Scripts within Grapher ................................................................... 57 Running Scripts from Scripter ...................................................................... 57 Automation Help ........................................................................................ 57

Advanced Tutorial ......................................................................................... 58 Saving Graphs ........................................................................................... 58 Using the Magnifier .................................................................................... 59 Using the Inset Zoom ................................................................................. 60 Combining Plots from Different Graphs ......................................................... 62

Chapter 3, Data Files and the Worksheet Introduction to Data Files............................................................................... 65

Viewing Data ............................................................................................. 65 Order of Data ............................................................................................ 65 Missing Entries .......................................................................................... 66 Multiple Columns ....................................................................................... 66

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Data as Numbers, Date/Time, or Text ............................................................. 66 Date/Time Formatting ................................................................................ 67

Data in the Plot ............................................................................................ 68 Worksheet Window ....................................................................................... 69

Opening a Worksheet Window ..................................................................... 69 Components of a Worksheet Window............................................................ 70

Working with Worksheet Data ........................................................................ 71 Selecting Cells ........................................................................................... 71 Entering Data into a Cell ............................................................................. 72 Row and Column Label Bars ........................................................................ 72 Selecting a Column or Row Dividing Line ...................................................... 72 Active Cell................................................................................................. 73

Pasting Data................................................................................................. 75 Paste Special ............................................................................................. 75 Import Worksheets into Existing Files ........................................................... 76 Data Import Options .................................................................................. 78 Import Database ....................................................................................... 81

Edit Menu Commands .................................................................................... 82 Clear ........................................................................................................ 82 Insert ....................................................................................................... 82 Delete ...................................................................................................... 83 Find ......................................................................................................... 83 Find Next .................................................................................................. 86 Replace .................................................................................................... 86

Format Menu ................................................................................................ 89 Cell Properties ........................................................................................... 89 Column Width ........................................................................................... 92 Row Height ............................................................................................... 93

Data Menu ................................................................................................... 94 Sort ......................................................................................................... 94 Transform ................................................................................................. 96

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Statistics ................................................................................................. 100 Statistics Options ...................................................................................... 103 Statistics References ................................................................................. 109

Saving Data Files ......................................................................................... 109 Save As Dialog ......................................................................................... 109 Use Caution when Saving Excel Files! .......................................................... 111

Page Setup ................................................................................................. 112 Page Tab ................................................................................................. 112 Margins Tab ............................................................................................. 114 Options Tab ............................................................................................. 115

Print ........................................................................................................... 117 ASCII .DAT, .TXT, .CSV Data Files.................................................................. 118

Worksheet Formatting ............................................................................... 118 Format .................................................................................................... 118 Golden Software DAT Files ......................................................................... 119 ASCII Text ............................................................................................... 119 Comma Separated Variables ...................................................................... 119

Excel Files ................................................................................................... 120 Excel .XLS................................................................................................ 120 Excel .XLSX .............................................................................................. 120 Use Caution when Saving Excel Files! .......................................................... 120 Special Characters Used in Excel Files ......................................................... 120 Retaining Excel Information ....................................................................... 121 Open Excel Command ............................................................................... 121

Microsoft Access .MDB and .ACCDB File Description.......................................... 121 Microsoft Access (MDB) Import Options Dialog ............................................. 121

SYLK SLK Files............................................................................................. 122 Worksheet Technical Specifications ................................................................ 122

Calculating the Memory Needed .................................................................. 123

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Chapter 4, Creating Graphs Introduction to Creating Graphs ..................................................................... 125 Creating Graphs in the Plot Window ............................................................... 125 Creating Graphs in the Worksheet .................................................................. 126 Creating Graphs From Templates ................................................................... 127

Creating a Template .................................................................................. 127 Creating a New Plot from a Template .......................................................... 127 Editing a Template .................................................................................... 127 Tips About Templates ................................................................................ 128 Template Alternatives................................................................................ 128 Printing Multiple Graphs from a Template..................................................... 129

Creating Graphs with the Graph Wizard .......................................................... 129 Using the Graph Wizard to Create a New Graph ............................................ 130 Using the Graph Wizard to Add a Plot to an Existing Graph ............................ 131

Chapter 5, Line Type Plots Introduction to Line Type Plots ...................................................................... 133

2D XY Graphs ........................................................................................... 133 3D XYY Graphs ......................................................................................... 134 3D XYZ Graphs ......................................................................................... 134

2D Line/Scatter Plots .................................................................................... 135 Creating a New 2D Line/Scatter Plot ............................................................ 135 Adding a 2D Line/Scatter Plot to an Existing Graph ....................................... 135 Editing an Existing 2D Line/Scatter Plot ....................................................... 136

3D XYY Ribbon/Wall Plots.............................................................................. 136 Creating a New 3D Ribbon/Wall Plot ............................................................ 136 Adding a 3D XYY Ribbon/Wall Plot to an Existing Graph ................................. 136 Editing 3D Ribbon/Wall Plot Properties ......................................................... 137

3D XYZ Line/Scatter Plots ............................................................................. 137 Creating a New 3D XYZ Line/Scatter Plot ..................................................... 137 Adding a 3D Line/Scatter Plot to an Existing Graph ....................................... 137

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Editing 3D XYZ Line/Scatter Plot Properties .................................................. 137 Plot Properties - Line/Scatter Plots ................................................................. 138

Worksheet ............................................................................................... 138 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 139 Data Columns........................................................................................... 139 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 139 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 140 Fits ......................................................................................................... 140 New Plot .................................................................................................. 140 Plot Tips .................................................................................................. 140

2D Class Scatter Plots .................................................................................. 141 Creating a New 2D Class Scatter Plot .......................................................... 141 Adding a 2D Class Scatter Plot to an Existing Graph ...................................... 141 Editing 2D Class Scatter Plot Properties ....................................................... 142

3D XYZ Class Scatter Plots ............................................................................ 142 Creating a New 3D XYZ Class Scatter Plot .................................................... 142 Adding a 3D XYZ Class Scatter Plot to an Existing Graph ............................... 142 Editing 3D XYZ Class Scatter Plot Properties ................................................. 143

Plot Properties - Class Scatter Plots ................................................................ 143 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 143 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 144 Data Columns........................................................................................... 144 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 144 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 145 Display Legend ......................................................................................... 145 Classes .................................................................................................... 145 Edit Classes Dialog .................................................................................... 145 Class Properties Dialog .............................................................................. 148

2D XY Function Plots .................................................................................... 149 Creating a New 2D Function Graph.............................................................. 149 Adding a 2D Function Plot to an Existing Graph ............................................ 149

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Editing 2D Function Graph Properties .......................................................... 150 3D XYY Function Plots................................................................................... 150

Creating a New 3D XYY Function Graph ....................................................... 150 Adding a 3D XYY Function Plot to an Existing Graph ...................................... 150 Editing 3D XYY Function Plot Properties ....................................................... 150

Plot Properties - Function Plots ...................................................................... 151 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 151 Parametric ............................................................................................... 151 Function .................................................................................................. 152 Function Interval ...................................................................................... 152 Number of Points and Increment ................................................................ 152

2D Step Plots .............................................................................................. 154 Creating a New 2D Step Plot ...................................................................... 154 Adding a 2D Step Plot to an Existing Graph .................................................. 154 Editing 2D Step Plot Properties ................................................................... 155

3D XYY Step Plots ........................................................................................ 155 Creating a New 3D XYY Step Plot ................................................................ 155 Adding a 2D Step Plot to an Existing Graph .................................................. 155 Editing 3D XYY Step Plot Properties ............................................................. 156

Plot Properties - Step Plots ............................................................................ 156 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 156 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 157 Data Columns........................................................................................... 157 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 158 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 158 Step Lines................................................................................................ 158 Fits ......................................................................................................... 159 New Plot .................................................................................................. 159 Plot Tips .................................................................................................. 159

3D Settings - Function, Fit, Ribbon/Wall, and Step Plots ................................... 160 Position ................................................................................................... 160

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Width ...................................................................................................... 160 Line Step ................................................................................................. 161 3D Fill ..................................................................................................... 161

Fill Between Plots ......................................................................................... 161 To Fill Between Multiple Plots: .................................................................... 161 To Modify an Existing Fill: .......................................................................... 162 To Delete a Fill: ........................................................................................ 162 Fill Between Plots Tips ............................................................................... 163

Calculate Area ............................................................................................. 163 To Calculate the Area ................................................................................ 163 Area Tip................................................................................................... 163

Chapter 6, Bar Type Plots Introduction to Bar Type Plots ....................................................................... 165

2D XY Graphs ........................................................................................... 165 3D XYY Graphs ......................................................................................... 166 3D XYZ Graphs ......................................................................................... 166

2D Bar Charts.............................................................................................. 167 Creating a New 2D Bar Chart ..................................................................... 167 Adding a 2D Bar Chart to an Existing Graph ................................................. 168 Editing 2D Bar Chart Properties .................................................................. 168

3D XYY Bar Charts ....................................................................................... 168 Creating a New 3D XYY Bar Chart ............................................................... 169 Adding a 3D XYY Bar Chart to an Existing Graph ........................................... 169 Editing 3D XYY Bar Chart Properties ............................................................ 169

3D XYZ Bar Charts ....................................................................................... 169 Creating a New 3D XYZ Bar Chart ............................................................... 170 Adding a 3D XYZ Bar Chart to an Existing Graph........................................... 170 Editing 3D XYZ Bar Chart Properties ............................................................ 170

Bar Chart Multiple Variable Data Files ............................................................. 171 Plot Properties - Bar Charts ........................................................................... 172

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Worksheet ............................................................................................... 172 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 173 Data Columns........................................................................................... 173 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 174 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 175 Bar Base .................................................................................................. 175 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 176 Width Settings.......................................................................................... 177 Plotting Multiple Variables .......................................................................... 178 Orientation............................................................................................... 180 Bar Style ................................................................................................. 181 Slices ...................................................................................................... 181 Stacks ..................................................................................................... 181 New Plot .................................................................................................. 182

Bar Chart Groups Properties - Bar Charts ........................................................ 183 Groups .................................................................................................... 183 Add Group ............................................................................................... 183 Delete Group ............................................................................................ 183 Group Details ........................................................................................... 184

2D Floating Bar Charts ................................................................................. 184 Creating a New 2D Floating Bar Chart ......................................................... 184 Adding a Floating Bar Chart to an Existing Graph .......................................... 185 Editing 2D Floating Bar Chart Properties ...................................................... 185

3D XYY Floating Bar Charts ........................................................................... 186 Creating a New 3D XYY Floating Bar Chart ................................................... 186 Adding a 3D XYY Floating Bar Chart to an Existing Graph ............................... 186 Editing 3D XYY Floating Bar Chart Properties ................................................ 187

3D XYZ Floating Bar Charts ........................................................................... 187 Creating a New 3D XYZ Floating Bar Chart ................................................... 187 Adding a 3D XYZ Floating Bar Chart to an Existing Graph............................... 187 Editing 3D XYZ Floating Bar Chart Properties ................................................ 188

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Plot Properties - Floating Bar Charts ............................................................... 188 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 188 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 189 Data Columns........................................................................................... 189 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 190 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 190 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 191 Width Settings.......................................................................................... 191 Orientation............................................................................................... 192 Bar Style ................................................................................................. 193 Slices ...................................................................................................... 193 Stacks ..................................................................................................... 194

Labels Properties - Floating Bar Charts ........................................................... 194 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 195 Show Labels At ......................................................................................... 195 Z Alignment ............................................................................................. 195 Angled Labels ........................................................................................... 195 Data Column ............................................................................................ 195 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 196 Step Factor .............................................................................................. 196 Label Format ............................................................................................ 196 Label Line ................................................................................................ 196 Reset ...................................................................................................... 197

2D Histograms............................................................................................. 197 Creating a New 2D Histogram .................................................................... 198 Adding a 2D Histogram to an Existing Graph ................................................ 198 Editing 2D Histogram Properties ................................................................. 198

3D XYY Histograms ...................................................................................... 199 Creating a New 3D XYY Histogram .............................................................. 199 Adding a 3D XYY Histogram to an Existing Graph .......................................... 200 Editing 3D XYY Histogram Properties ........................................................... 200

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Plot Properties - Histograms .......................................................................... 200 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 200 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 201 Data Columns........................................................................................... 201 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 202 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 203 Base ....................................................................................................... 203 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 203 Orientation............................................................................................... 204 Bar Style ................................................................................................. 204 Slices ...................................................................................................... 204 Stacks ..................................................................................................... 204 Bins ........................................................................................................ 205 Minimum Bin ............................................................................................ 205 Number of Bins......................................................................................... 205 Bin Size ................................................................................................... 205 Frequency ................................................................................................ 205 Reset ...................................................................................................... 205 Bins Type................................................................................................. 206 Fits ......................................................................................................... 206 Custom Bins ............................................................................................. 207 Custom Bins Dialog ................................................................................... 207 New Bin Range Dialog ............................................................................... 210

Set Image Dialog ......................................................................................... 212 Image ..................................................................................................... 212 Previews .................................................................................................. 212 Load Image.............................................................................................. 213 Repeat Image .......................................................................................... 213 Use Full Image ......................................................................................... 213 OK, Cancel, Apply ..................................................................................... 213

3D Settings Properties – Bar Charts, Floating Bar Charts, and Histograms........... 214

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Position ................................................................................................... 214 Width ...................................................................................................... 214

Chapter 7, Polar Type Plots Introduction to Polar Type Plots ..................................................................... 215 Polar Plots................................................................................................... 216

Creating a New Polar Graph ....................................................................... 216 Adding a Polar Plot to an Existing Graph ...................................................... 216 Editing Polar Graph Properties .................................................................... 217

Plot Properties - Polar Plots ........................................................................... 217 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 217 Data Columns........................................................................................... 218 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 218 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 219 Fits ......................................................................................................... 219 New Plot .................................................................................................. 219

Polar Class Scatter Plot ................................................................................. 220 Creating a New Polar Class Scatter Plot ....................................................... 220 Adding a Polar Class Plot to an Existing Graph .............................................. 220 Editing Polar Class Scatter Plot Properties .................................................... 221

Plot Properties - Class Scatter Plots ................................................................ 221 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 221 Data Columns........................................................................................... 222 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 222 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 223 Display Legend ......................................................................................... 223 Classes .................................................................................................... 223 Edit Classes Dialog .................................................................................... 223 Class Properties Dialog .............................................................................. 225

Polar Bar Charts .......................................................................................... 227 Creating a New Polar Bar chart ................................................................... 227

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Adding a Polar Bar Chart to an Existing Graph .............................................. 227 Editing Polar Bar Chart Properties ............................................................... 228

Plot Properties - Polar Bar Charts ................................................................... 228 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 228 Data Columns........................................................................................... 229 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 229 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 230 Plotting Multiple Variables .......................................................................... 230 Angle Width ............................................................................................. 231 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 231 New Plot .................................................................................................. 231

Bar Chart Groups - Bar Charts ....................................................................... 232 Groups .................................................................................................... 232 Add Group ............................................................................................... 232 Delete Group ............................................................................................ 232 Group Details ........................................................................................... 232

Polar Function Plots ...................................................................................... 233 Creating a New Polar Function Graph .......................................................... 233 Adding a Polar Function Plot to an Existing Graph ......................................... 233 Editing Polar Function Graph Properties ....................................................... 234

Plot Properties - Polar Function Plots .............................................................. 234 Parametric ............................................................................................... 234 Function .................................................................................................. 234 Function Interval ...................................................................................... 235 Number of Points and Increment ................................................................ 235

Radar Plots ................................................................................................. 237 Creating a New Radar Plot ......................................................................... 238 Editing a Radar Plot................................................................................... 238 Radar Plot References ............................................................................... 238

Graph Properties - Radar Plots ....................................................................... 238 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 238

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Columns .................................................................................................. 239 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 239 Keep Axes Synched ................................................................................... 240 Use Linear Grid ......................................................................................... 241

Rose Diagram .............................................................................................. 242 Creating a New Rose Diagram .................................................................... 242 Adding a Rose Diagram to an Existing Graph ................................................ 242 Editing Rose Diagram Properties ................................................................. 243

Plot Properties - Rose Diagrams ..................................................................... 243 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 243 Data Columns........................................................................................... 243 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 244 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 245 Bin Size ................................................................................................... 245 Error ....................................................................................................... 245 Direction .................................................................................................. 245 Bins Type................................................................................................. 245 Custom Bins ............................................................................................. 246 Custom Bins Dialog ................................................................................... 246 To Create Customized Bins ........................................................................ 248 To Edit Customized Bins ............................................................................ 248 To Delete a Bin ......................................................................................... 248 New Bin Range Dialog ............................................................................... 249

Wind Charts ................................................................................................ 250 Creating a New Wind Chart ........................................................................ 251 Adding a Wind Chart to an Existing Graph .................................................... 251 Editing Wind Chart Properties ..................................................................... 251

Plot Properties - Wind Charts ......................................................................... 251 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 252 Data Columns........................................................................................... 252 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 253

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Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 253 Bin Size ................................................................................................... 253 Arc Size ................................................................................................... 253 Start Bins At ............................................................................................ 254 Legend .................................................................................................... 254 Frequency ................................................................................................ 254 Display As Percent .................................................................................... 254 Bins Type................................................................................................. 255 Custom Bins ............................................................................................. 255 Speed Bins............................................................................................... 255 Wind Speed Bins ....................................................................................... 255 To Create Customized Speed Bins ............................................................... 257 To Edit Customized Speed Bins ................................................................... 257 To Delete a Speed Bin ............................................................................... 257

Chapter 8, Specialty Type Plots Plot Types ................................................................................................... 259 2D Box-Whisker Plot .................................................................................... 260

Creating a New 2D Box-Whisker Plot ........................................................... 260 Adding a Box-Whisker Plot to an Existing Graph ........................................... 261 Editing 2D Box-Whisker Plot Properties ........................................................ 261

Plot Properties - Box-Whisker Plots ................................................................ 261 Change Data ............................................................................................ 261 Change Axis ............................................................................................. 261 Data Columns........................................................................................... 262 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 262 Cap Length .............................................................................................. 263 Outliers ................................................................................................... 263

Labels Properties - Box-Whisker Plots ............................................................. 264 Types of Labels......................................................................................... 265 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 266

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Label Format ............................................................................................ 266 Horizontal Label Position ............................................................................ 266 Vertical Label Position ............................................................................... 266 X and Y Offset .......................................................................................... 266 Angle ...................................................................................................... 266 Label Line ................................................................................................ 267 Reset ...................................................................................................... 267

Box-Whisker Plot Data .................................................................................. 267 2D Bubble Plot............................................................................................. 268

Creating a New 2D Bubble Plot ................................................................... 268 Adding a 2D Bubble Plot to an Existing Graph ............................................... 268 Editing 2D Bubble Plot Properties ................................................................ 268

3D XYZ Bubble Plot ...................................................................................... 269 Creating a New 3D XYZ Bubble Plot ............................................................. 269 Adding a 3D XYZ Bubble Plot to an Existing Graph ........................................ 269 Editing 3D XYZ Bubble Plot Properties ......................................................... 269

Plot Properties - Bubble Plots......................................................................... 270 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 270 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 271 Data Columns........................................................................................... 271 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 272 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 272 Fixed Value Based Bubble Radius Range ...................................................... 272 Data Based Bubble Radius Range ................................................................ 273 Radius Formula ........................................................................................ 273 Bubble Centroids ...................................................................................... 274 Bubble Symbol ......................................................................................... 274 New Plot .................................................................................................. 274

3D Settings Properties - 3D XYZ Bubble Plots .................................................. 275 Drop Lines ............................................................................................... 275 Drop Axis ................................................................................................. 276

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Drop Line Properties .................................................................................. 276 Line Steps................................................................................................ 276 Draw Method and Color ............................................................................. 276 Rotation .................................................................................................. 277

2D Hi-Low-Close Plots .................................................................................. 278 Creating a New 2D Hi-Low-Close Graph ....................................................... 278 Adding a 2D Hi-Low-Close Plot to an Existing Graph ...................................... 278 Editing 2D Hi-Low-Close Plot Properties ....................................................... 279

Plot Properties - Hi-Low-Close Plots ................................................................ 279 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 279 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 280 Data Columns........................................................................................... 280 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 281 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 281 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 281 Display Type ............................................................................................ 282 Candlestick Fill ......................................................................................... 282

Labels Properties - Hi-Low-Close Plots ............................................................ 282 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 283 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 283 Label Format ............................................................................................ 283 Label Line ................................................................................................ 284 Reset ...................................................................................................... 284

2D Pie Charts .............................................................................................. 284 Creating a New 2D Pie Chart ...................................................................... 284 Editing 2D Pie Chart Properties ................................................................... 284

3D XYY Pie Charts ........................................................................................ 285 Creating a New 3D XYY Pie Chart ................................................................ 285 Editing 3D XYY Pie Chart Properties............................................................. 285

Plot Properties - Pie Charts............................................................................ 285 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 286

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Data Columns........................................................................................... 286 Limiting the Data ...................................................................................... 286 Start Angle .............................................................................................. 287 Slices ...................................................................................................... 287 Thickness ................................................................................................ 287

Labels Properties - Pie Charts ........................................................................ 287 Labels ..................................................................................................... 288 Label Format ............................................................................................ 288 Use Slice Fill Color .................................................................................... 288 Label Line Properties ................................................................................. 288 Label Line Length...................................................................................... 289 Reset ...................................................................................................... 289

Pie Chart Slices Dialog .................................................................................. 289 Slice Properties......................................................................................... 290 Editing Individual Slice Properties ............................................................... 290 Editing All Slice Properties.......................................................................... 290

Pie Slice Properties Dialog ............................................................................. 291 Slice Properties......................................................................................... 291 Line-Fill Properties .................................................................................... 292

2D Stiff Plots ............................................................................................... 292 Creating a New 2D Stiff Plot ....................................................................... 293 Adding a 2D Stiff Plot to an Existing Graph................................................... 293 Editing 2D Stiff Plot Properties .................................................................... 293

Plot Properties - Stiff Plots ............................................................................ 294 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 294 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 294 Data Columns........................................................................................... 295 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 295 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 295 Y Position................................................................................................. 295 Y Increment ............................................................................................. 296

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Ternary Diagrams ........................................................................................ 296 Creating a New Ternary Diagram ................................................................ 297 Adding a Ternary Plot to an Existing Graph .................................................. 297 Editing Ternary Diagram Properties ............................................................. 297

Reading Ternary Diagrams ............................................................................ 298 X Axis ..................................................................................................... 298 Y Axis ...................................................................................................... 298 Z Axis ..................................................................................................... 298

Plot Properties - Ternary Diagrams ................................................................. 299 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 299 Data Columns........................................................................................... 299 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 300 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 300

Labels Properties - Ternary Diagrams ............................................................. 301 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 301 Horizontal Label Position ............................................................................ 301 Vertical Label Position ............................................................................... 302 X and Y Offset .......................................................................................... 302 Angle ...................................................................................................... 302 Include X, Y, and Z Values ......................................................................... 302 Label Order .............................................................................................. 302 Worksheet Labels ..................................................................................... 302 Data Column ............................................................................................ 303 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 303 Label Format ............................................................................................ 303 Label Line ................................................................................................ 303 Reset ...................................................................................................... 304

Tips for Configuring Labels on Ternary Diagrams ............................................. 304 Tip for Label Scale .................................................................................... 304

Bubbles - Ternary Diagrams .......................................................................... 305 Display Bubbles ........................................................................................ 305

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Bubble Column ......................................................................................... 305 Fixed Value Based Bubble Radius Range ...................................................... 305 Data Based Bubble Radius Range ................................................................ 306 Radius Formula ........................................................................................ 306 Bubbles' Line and Fill Properties .................................................................. 307

2D Vector Plots ............................................................................................ 307 Creating a New 2D Vector Plot .................................................................... 307 Adding a Vector Plot to an Existing Graph .................................................... 307 Editing 2D Vector Plot Properties ................................................................ 308

Plot Properties - Vector Plots ......................................................................... 308 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 308 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 309 Vector Type ............................................................................................. 309 Data Columns........................................................................................... 309 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 309 Data Points Count ..................................................................................... 310 Length Range ........................................................................................... 310 Minimum and Maximum Lengths ................................................................. 310 Minimum and Maximum Data Values ........................................................... 311 New Plot .................................................................................................. 311

Chapter 9, Contour Type Plots Plot Types ................................................................................................... 313 Contour Data Map ........................................................................................ 313

XY Contour Data Map ................................................................................ 313 XZ Contour Data Map ................................................................................ 314 Creating a New Contour Data Map .............................................................. 314 Adding a Contour Data Map to an Existing Graph .......................................... 314 Editing an Existing Contour Data Map .......................................................... 315

Plot Properties - Contour Data Maps ............................................................... 315 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 315

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Change Axes ............................................................................................ 315 Data Columns........................................................................................... 315 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 316 Fill Contours ............................................................................................. 317 Show Color Scale ...................................................................................... 317 Blanking Line ........................................................................................... 317 Blanking Fill ............................................................................................. 317 Levels ..................................................................................................... 317 Reset ...................................................................................................... 317 Y Positioning ............................................................................................ 317 Overlay ................................................................................................... 318 Grid Info .................................................................................................. 318

Gridding Properties - Contour Data Maps ........................................................ 319 Power ...................................................................................................... 319 Smoothing ............................................................................................... 319 Anisotropy Ratio ....................................................................................... 319 Anisotropy Angle ...................................................................................... 320 X Values .................................................................................................. 320 Y Values .................................................................................................. 320 Number of Rows ....................................................................................... 321 Number of Columns .................................................................................. 321

Inverse Distance to a Power Gridding Method .................................................. 321 Inverse Distance to a Power Math ............................................................... 322 Inverse Distance to a Power References ...................................................... 323

Contour Grid Map......................................................................................... 323 XY Contour Grid Map ................................................................................. 323 XZ Contour Grid Map ................................................................................. 323 Creating a New Contour Grid Map ............................................................... 324 Adding a Contour Grid Map to an Existing Graph ........................................... 324 Editing an Existing Contour Grid Map........................................................... 324

Plot Properties - Contour Grid Maps ................................................................ 324

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Worksheet ............................................................................................... 325 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 325 Smoothing ............................................................................................... 325 Fill Contours ............................................................................................. 326 Show Color Scale ...................................................................................... 326 Blanking Line ........................................................................................... 326 Blanking Fill ............................................................................................. 326 Levels ..................................................................................................... 326 Reset ...................................................................................................... 326 Y Positioning ............................................................................................ 326 Overlay ................................................................................................... 327 Grid Info .................................................................................................. 327

Color Scale - Contour Maps ........................................................................... 328 Adding a Color Scale ................................................................................. 328 Removing a Color Scale ............................................................................. 328 Editing a Color Scale ................................................................................. 328

Color Scale Properties................................................................................... 329 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 329 Label Range ............................................................................................. 329 Label Angle .............................................................................................. 330 Label Format ............................................................................................ 330

Levels Dialog ............................................................................................... 330 Apply to All Defined Levels ......................................................................... 331 Apply to Individual Levels .......................................................................... 331 Add ......................................................................................................... 331 Delete ..................................................................................................... 331

Set Level Dialog ........................................................................................... 331 Value ...................................................................................................... 332 OK or Cancel ............................................................................................ 332

Contour Levels Dialog ................................................................................... 332 Data Limits .............................................................................................. 332

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Minimum and Maximum ............................................................................. 332 Interval ................................................................................................... 333 Reset Contour Levels................................................................................. 333 OK or Cancel ............................................................................................ 333

Chapter 10, Surface Type Plots Plot Types ................................................................................................... 335 Surface Data Maps ....................................................................................... 336

Creating a New Surface Data Map ............................................................... 336 Adding a Surface Data Map to an Existing Graph .......................................... 336 Editing Surface Data Map Properties ............................................................ 336

Plot Properties - Surface Data Maps ............................................................... 337 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 337 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 337 Data Columns........................................................................................... 338 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 338 Blanked Nodes ......................................................................................... 338 Show Color Scale ...................................................................................... 339 Grid Info .................................................................................................. 339

Gridding Properties - Surface Data Maps ......................................................... 339 Power ...................................................................................................... 339 Smoothing ............................................................................................... 339 Anisotropy Ratio ....................................................................................... 340 Anisotropy Angle ...................................................................................... 340 X Values .................................................................................................. 340 Y Values .................................................................................................. 341 Number of Rows ....................................................................................... 341 Number of Columns .................................................................................. 341

Inverse Distance to a Power Gridding Method .................................................. 342 Inverse Distance to a Power Math ............................................................... 343 Inverse Distance to a Power References ...................................................... 343

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Surface Grid Maps ........................................................................................ 344 Creating a New Surface Grid Map................................................................ 344 Adding a Surface Grid Map to an Existing Graph ........................................... 344 Editing Surface Grid Map Properties ............................................................ 344

Plot Properties - Surface Grid Maps ................................................................ 345 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 345 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 345 Change Rows ........................................................................................... 346 Change Columns....................................................................................... 346 Blanked Nodes ......................................................................................... 346 Show Color Scale ...................................................................................... 347

Surface Function Maps .................................................................................. 347 Creating a New Surface Function Map.......................................................... 347 Adding a Surface Function Map to an Existing Graph ..................................... 347 Editing Surface Function Map Properties ...................................................... 348

Plot Properties - Surface Function Maps .......................................................... 348 Change Axes ............................................................................................ 348 Set Equation for Y ..................................................................................... 349 Select X Values for the Equation ................................................................. 349 Number of Columns .................................................................................. 349 Select Z Values for the Equation ................................................................. 349 Number of Rows ....................................................................................... 349 Show Color Scale ...................................................................................... 349 Grid Info .................................................................................................. 350

Lighting Properties - Surface Maps ................................................................. 350 Lighting ................................................................................................... 350 Angles ..................................................................................................... 350 Colors ..................................................................................................... 351 Shininess ................................................................................................. 352

Mesh Properties - Surface Maps ..................................................................... 352 X Step Value ............................................................................................ 352

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X Mesh Line Properties .............................................................................. 353 Z Step Value ............................................................................................ 353 Z Mesh Line Properties .............................................................................. 353

Base Properties - Surface Maps...................................................................... 353 Base Line Properties .................................................................................. 353 Base Fill Properties.................................................................................... 353 Cutoff Value ............................................................................................. 354

Overlays Properties - Surface Maps ................................................................ 354 Resample Method ..................................................................................... 354 Overlay Resolution .................................................................................... 355 Color Modulation ....................................................................................... 355 Overlay Visibility ....................................................................................... 355 Overlaying a Contour Map and Surface Map ................................................. 355

Color Scale - Surface Maps............................................................................ 356 Adding a Color Scale ................................................................................. 356 Removing a Color Scale ............................................................................. 356 Editing a Color Scale ................................................................................. 356 Color Scale Properties ............................................................................... 356

Chapter 11, Fit Curves and Confidence Intervals Fit Plots ...................................................................................................... 359

Adding a Fit to a Plot ................................................................................. 359 Editing Fit Plot Properties ........................................................................... 359

Fits Dialog................................................................................................... 359 Available Fits ............................................................................................ 359 Custom Fits.............................................................................................. 362 Add Fits to Plot ......................................................................................... 362 Display Following Fits ................................................................................ 362 Statistics ................................................................................................. 363 Properties ................................................................................................ 363

Orthogonal Polynomial Regression ................................................................. 363

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Statistics ................................................................................................. 364 Polynomial Factors .................................................................................... 364 Coefficient of Determination ....................................................................... 364 Orthogonal Factors ................................................................................... 364 Example .................................................................................................. 365 Orthogonal Polynomial Regression References .............................................. 367

Weights Dialog ............................................................................................ 367 Opening the Weights Dialog ....................................................................... 367 Editing Weights in the Weights Dialog ......................................................... 368 Weights Properties .................................................................................... 368 Order ...................................................................................................... 368 Weight .................................................................................................... 368 Set Weight ............................................................................................... 369 OK or Cancel ............................................................................................ 369

Define Fit Equation Dialog ............................................................................. 369 Opening the Define Fit Equation Dialog ........................................................ 369 Defining a Custom Fit Curve ....................................................................... 370 Editing a Custom Fit .................................................................................. 370 Editing a Custom Fit Used in a Plot .............................................................. 371

Fits and Polar Type Plots ............................................................................... 371 Plot Properties - Fit Curves ............................................................................ 371

Fit Equation ............................................................................................. 371 Edit Equation............................................................................................ 371 Options ................................................................................................... 371 Data Limits .............................................................................................. 373 Plot Interval ............................................................................................. 373 Plot Limits................................................................................................ 373 Number of Points ...................................................................................... 374 Confidence ............................................................................................... 374 Statistics ................................................................................................. 375 Editing Linked Statistics ............................................................................. 375

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Fit Statistics ................................................................................................ 375 Fit Name.................................................................................................. 375 Fit Equation ............................................................................................. 375 Alternate Equation .................................................................................... 375 Number of Data Points Used....................................................................... 376 Average X ................................................................................................ 376 Average Y ................................................................................................ 376 Residual Sum of Squares ........................................................................... 376 Regression Sum of Squares........................................................................ 376 Coefficient of Determination ....................................................................... 376 Residual Mean Square ............................................................................... 377 Standard Deviation ................................................................................... 377 Coefficients .............................................................................................. 377 Orthogonal Polynomial Factors ................................................................... 377 Statistics References ................................................................................. 378

Confidence Intervals .................................................................................... 378 Adding a Confidence Interval to a Fit ........................................................... 379 Editing Confidence Interval Properties ......................................................... 379

Plot Properties - Confidence Intervals ............................................................. 379 Level ....................................................................................................... 379 Iterations................................................................................................. 380

Upper Level Properties - Confidence Intervals .................................................. 380 Symbol Frequency .................................................................................... 380 Symbol Properties ..................................................................................... 380 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 381

Lower Level Properties - Confidence Intervals .................................................. 381 Symbol Frequency .................................................................................... 381 Symbol Properties ..................................................................................... 382 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 382

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Chapter 12, Common Plot Properties Introduction to Common Plot Properties .......................................................... 383 Error Bars ................................................................................................... 383

Vertical or Horizontal Error Bars.................................................................. 383 Error Bar Type .......................................................................................... 383 Column.................................................................................................... 385 Multiplier ................................................................................................. 385 Error Bar Directions .................................................................................. 385 Bar Width ................................................................................................ 385 Bar Step .................................................................................................. 385 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 386 Fill Style .................................................................................................. 386 Average Symbol ....................................................................................... 386 Average Bar ............................................................................................. 386

Clipping ...................................................................................................... 387 Clipping Type ........................................................................................... 387 Custom Clipping Limits .............................................................................. 388 Custom Date/Time Values .......................................................................... 388 Draw Plot to Clipping Limit ......................................................................... 388 Clip Plot to Polar Circle .............................................................................. 390 Missing Data ............................................................................................ 390 Data Criteria ............................................................................................ 390 Criteria Dialog .......................................................................................... 391 Select Columns Dialog ............................................................................... 393 Enter Null Value Dialog .............................................................................. 394 NULL Criteria Range Dialog ........................................................................ 394 Enter Criteria Value Dialog ......................................................................... 395

Plot Labels .................................................................................................. 396 Display Labels .......................................................................................... 396 Horizontal Label Position ............................................................................ 396 Vertical Label Position ............................................................................... 396

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Z Alignment ............................................................................................. 397 Label Position ........................................................................................... 397 X and Y Offset .......................................................................................... 397 Radius and Angle Offset............................................................................. 397 Angle ...................................................................................................... 398 Data Column ............................................................................................ 398 Stiff Plot Label Columns ............................................................................. 398 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 398 Step Factor .............................................................................................. 399 Stiff Plot Label Rows.................................................................................. 399 Function Plot Labels Type........................................................................... 399 Polar Function Plot Labels Type................................................................... 399 Summation Plot Labels Type ...................................................................... 399 Angled Labels ........................................................................................... 400 Label Format ............................................................................................ 400 Label Line ................................................................................................ 400 Reset ...................................................................................................... 400

Label Formats.............................................................................................. 401 Label Format ............................................................................................ 401

Move Labels ................................................................................................ 405 To Move Plot Labels: ................................................................................. 405 To Move Graph Titles: ............................................................................... 406 To Move Axis Titles or Axis Labels: .............................................................. 406 Keyboard Commands ................................................................................ 406

Chapter 13, Graph Properties Introduction to Graph Properties .................................................................... 409 Graph Title .................................................................................................. 409

Creating a Graph Title ............................................................................... 409 Removing a Graph Title ............................................................................. 409 Moving a Graph Title ................................................................................. 410

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Title ........................................................................................................ 410 Position ................................................................................................... 410 X and Y Offset .......................................................................................... 410 Angle ...................................................................................................... 411 Box Line Properties ................................................................................... 411 Box Fill Properties ..................................................................................... 411

Fill Between Plots ......................................................................................... 412 To Fill Between Multiple Plots ..................................................................... 412 To Modify an Existing Fill ........................................................................... 412 To Delete a Fill: ........................................................................................ 413 Fill Between Plots Tips ............................................................................... 413

Background Properties .................................................................................. 413 Creating a Background Fill ......................................................................... 414

Back Wall Properties..................................................................................... 414 Creating Multiple Graphs on a Page ................................................................ 415

To Create Multiple Graphs on a Page ........................................................... 415 Axis - Add to Graph................................................................................... 416 Duplicate Axis - Add to Graph..................................................................... 417 Plot - Add to Graph ................................................................................... 417 Legend - Add to Graph .............................................................................. 419 2D Summation Plot - Add to Graph ............................................................. 420 Magnifier - Add to Graph ........................................................................... 421

Legends ...................................................................................................... 422 Creating a New Legend .............................................................................. 422 Creating a New Top-Level Legend ............................................................... 422 Editing an Existing Legend ......................................................................... 422 Legend Properties ..................................................................................... 422 Legend Entries ......................................................................................... 426 Detach Legend ......................................................................................... 428 Detaching Top-Level Legends ..................................................................... 428 Symbol Size Dialog ................................................................................... 429

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Summation Plots.......................................................................................... 430 Creating a New 2D Summation Plot ............................................................. 430 Editing 2D Summation Plot Properties ......................................................... 430 Plot Properties - Summation Plots ............................................................... 430 Select Plots Dialog .................................................................................... 432

Graph Magnifiers ......................................................................................... 433 Editing an Existing Graph Magnifier ............................................................. 434 Magnifier Properties .................................................................................. 434 Lines Properties - Graph Magnifier .............................................................. 435 Connector Properties - Graph Magnifier ....................................................... 437

Digitizing .................................................................................................... 438 Assign Coordinates ................................................................................... 438 Digitize .................................................................................................... 439 Digitize Fixed ........................................................................................... 440

Changing Plots From One Type To Another ...................................................... 441 Change Plot To Tips .................................................................................. 441

Calculating Area Under a Plot ........................................................................ 442 Area Tip................................................................................................... 442

Rotating Graphs........................................................................................... 443 2D Rotation.............................................................................................. 443 3D Rotation.............................................................................................. 443 Clear 2D Rotation ..................................................................................... 443 Clear 3D Rotation ..................................................................................... 443

Chapter 14, Axis Properties Axis Types .................................................................................................. 445

Standard Axes .......................................................................................... 445 Angle Axes ............................................................................................... 445 Box-Whisker X Axes .................................................................................. 445 Stiff Plot X Axes ........................................................................................ 445

Standard Axes ............................................................................................. 446

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Creating a New Standard Axis .................................................................... 446 Creating a Duplicate Axis ........................................................................... 446 Editing an Existing Standard Axis ................................................................ 446

Axis Properties - Standard Axis ...................................................................... 447 Scale ....................................................................................................... 447 Length..................................................................................................... 448 X Position ................................................................................................ 449 Y Position................................................................................................. 449 Position ................................................................................................... 449 Axis Limits ............................................................................................... 449 Axis Limits - Date/Time ............................................................................. 450 Axis Limits and Plotted Data ....................................................................... 450 Descending .............................................................................................. 450 Axis Title ................................................................................................. 450 Title ........................................................................................................ 450 Positioning ............................................................................................... 451 Title on Side ............................................................................................. 451 Angled..................................................................................................... 451 X and Y Offset .......................................................................................... 451 Angle ...................................................................................................... 451 Axis Angle................................................................................................ 452

Position Axis Dialog ...................................................................................... 452 Manual Positioning .................................................................................... 452 Automatic Positioning ................................................................................ 453 Moving Axes............................................................................................. 453 Flip Tick Marks and Labels.......................................................................... 453 Disable Tick Marks .................................................................................... 454 Disable Labels .......................................................................................... 454

Angle Axes .................................................................................................. 454 Editing an Existing Angle Axis ..................................................................... 454

Axis Properties - Angle Axis ........................................................................... 455

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Offset ...................................................................................................... 455 Direction .................................................................................................. 456 Units ....................................................................................................... 457 Angle Limits (Angle Start and Angle End) ..................................................... 457 Axis Title ................................................................................................. 457

Stiff Plot X Axes ........................................................................................... 458 Editing an Existing Stiff Plot X Axis .............................................................. 458

Axis Properties - Stiff Plot X Axis .................................................................... 458 Scale ....................................................................................................... 458 Axis Limits ............................................................................................... 458 Descending .............................................................................................. 459

Box-Whisker Plot X Axes ............................................................................... 460 Editing an Existing Box-Whisker Plot Axis..................................................... 460

Axis Properties - Box-Whisker Plot X Axis ........................................................ 460 Grid Lines Properties .................................................................................... 461

Grid Lines Parallel to Axis........................................................................... 461 Axes ....................................................................................................... 461 Grid Line Position ...................................................................................... 461 Step Value ............................................................................................... 462 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 462 Worksheet ............................................................................................... 462 Column.................................................................................................... 462 Custom Grid Line Spacing .......................................................................... 462

Tick Marks Properties ................................................................................... 463 Axes ....................................................................................................... 463 Show Ticks............................................................................................... 463 Major Tick Mark Spacing ............................................................................ 464 Date/Time Major and Minor Tick Mark Spacing ............................................. 465 Minor Tick Mark Divisions ........................................................................... 465 Length..................................................................................................... 465 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 465

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Tick Range ............................................................................................... 466 First Tick and Last Tick .............................................................................. 466 Start Major Ticks At .................................................................................. 466 Date/Time Tick Mark Range ....................................................................... 466 Ternary Diagram Angled Tick Marks ............................................................ 467

Tick Labels Properties ................................................................................... 467 Axes ....................................................................................................... 467 Major and Minor Labels .............................................................................. 467 Show Labels ............................................................................................. 467 Label Side ................................................................................................ 468 Frequency ................................................................................................ 468 Offset ...................................................................................................... 469 Label Orientation ...................................................................................... 469 Angle ...................................................................................................... 469 Label Format ............................................................................................ 470 Limit Label Width ...................................................................................... 470 Break at Spaces ....................................................................................... 470 Width ...................................................................................................... 470 Between Ticks .......................................................................................... 471 Log Labels One Digit ................................................................................. 471 Major Label Text ....................................................................................... 471 Label Source ............................................................................................ 472 Date/Time Formatting ............................................................................... 472 Date/Time Settings ................................................................................... 472 Worksheet Labels ..................................................................................... 473 Worksheet Rows ....................................................................................... 473 Worksheet Columns .................................................................................. 473 Custom Worksheet Labels .......................................................................... 474 Label Value Divisor ................................................................................... 475 Label Alignment ........................................................................................ 475 3D Angled Tick Mark Labels........................................................................ 475

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Reset ...................................................................................................... 475 Date/Time Label Tips ................................................................................ 476

Break Axis Properties ................................................................................... 476 Break Axis ............................................................................................... 476 Break Range ............................................................................................ 476 Break Range with Date/Time Formatting...................................................... 476 Break Position and Scale ............................................................................ 477 Tick Spacing............................................................................................. 477 Minor Tick Division .................................................................................... 478 Scale ....................................................................................................... 478 Break Axis Tips ......................................................................................... 478

Axis 3D Settings Properties ........................................................................... 479 Grid Lines ................................................................................................ 479 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 479 Axis Wall Fill............................................................................................. 479 Tip .......................................................................................................... 479

Date Time Labels ......................................................................................... 480 Using Date/Time Formatting....................................................................... 480 Date/Time Formatting Tips......................................................................... 480 Numbers Displayed as Date/Time Labels...................................................... 481 Add Format Dialog .................................................................................... 484 Edit Format Dialog .................................................................................... 485 Select Date/Time Dialog ............................................................................ 485 Date/Time Format List ............................................................................... 486

Worksheet Labels......................................................................................... 488 Setting up the Data File ............................................................................. 488 Worksheet Label Example .......................................................................... 489

Ternary Axes Tips ........................................................................................ 490 Axes Limits Dialog .................................................................................... 491

Graphing with Multiple Axes .......................................................................... 492

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Chapter 15, Creating, Selecting, and Editing Objects Introduction to Grapher Objects..................................................................... 493 Creating Drawing Objects ............................................................................. 493

Select Tool ............................................................................................... 493 Text ........................................................................................................ 493 Polygon ................................................................................................... 494 Polyline ................................................................................................... 495 Symbol .................................................................................................... 496 Rectangle ................................................................................................ 496 Rounded Rectangle ................................................................................... 497 Ellipse ..................................................................................................... 498 Spline Polyline .......................................................................................... 499 Spline Polygon .......................................................................................... 500 Drawing Tips ............................................................................................ 500 Reshape .................................................................................................. 501 Inset Zoom .............................................................................................. 503

Selecting Objects ......................................................................................... 504 Multiple Selection Properties....................................................................... 505 Select All ................................................................................................. 505 Block Select ............................................................................................. 505 Deselect All .............................................................................................. 506 Invert Selection ........................................................................................ 506

Object Properties ......................................................................................... 506 Fill Properties ........................................................................................... 506 Color Table Dialog ..................................................................................... 512 Colors ..................................................................................................... 514 Custom Colors .......................................................................................... 514 Color Gradient Dialog ................................................................................ 517 Line Properties ......................................................................................... 520 Custom Line Styles ................................................................................... 523 Symbol Properties ..................................................................................... 525

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Symbol Table Dialog ................................................................................. 528 Symbol Color Dialog .................................................................................. 530 Text Properties ......................................................................................... 531 Text Editor ............................................................................................... 533 Template Library Dialog ............................................................................. 536 Create/Edit Template Dialog ....................................................................... 538

View Menu Commands.................................................................................. 542 Fit to Window ........................................................................................... 542 Fit to Page ............................................................................................... 542 Zoom with a Wheel Mouse ......................................................................... 542 Zoom Commands...................................................................................... 542 Redraw and Auto Redraw ........................................................................... 543 Toolbars .................................................................................................. 544 Managers ................................................................................................. 546 Tabbed Managers ..................................................................................... 547 Floating Managers ..................................................................................... 548 Restoring the Managers and Windows to Their Original Locations .................... 548 Hide/Show All Managers ............................................................................ 548 Status Bar ............................................................................................... 548 Reset Windows ......................................................................................... 549

Edit and Arrange Menu Commands................................................................. 549 Undo and Redo ......................................................................................... 549 Cut and Copy ........................................................................................... 549 Delete ..................................................................................................... 550 Positioning and Sizing Objects .................................................................... 550 Order Objects ........................................................................................... 552 Align Objects ............................................................................................ 552 Grouped Objects ....................................................................................... 553 Rotating Objects ....................................................................................... 554 Free Rotate .............................................................................................. 554

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Chapter 16, Importing, Exporting, and Printing Introduction to Importing and Exporting ......................................................... 555 Importing ................................................................................................... 555

Import Dialog ........................................................................................... 555 Paste....................................................................................................... 558 Paste Special ............................................................................................ 558 Insert New Object ..................................................................................... 560 OLE ......................................................................................................... 563

Exporting .................................................................................................... 567 Export Dialog ........................................................................................... 567 Export Plot Data ....................................................................................... 570

Printing ...................................................................................................... 571 Page Setup .............................................................................................. 571 Page Header/Footer Dialog......................................................................... 572 Print Dialog .............................................................................................. 574 Print Multiple ............................................................................................ 576

Chapter 17, Options and Preferences Introduction to Options and Preferences ......................................................... 577 Options Dialog ............................................................................................. 577

General Settings ....................................................................................... 578 Updates Settings ...................................................................................... 581 Backup Settings........................................................................................ 583 Display Settings........................................................................................ 584 Rulers and Grid Settings ............................................................................ 588 Property Manager Settings ......................................................................... 590 Selection Settings ..................................................................................... 592 Plots Settings ........................................................................................... 594 Miscellaneous Settings............................................................................... 596 General Default Settings ............................................................................ 597 Digitize Format Settings ............................................................................ 598

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Default Settings ........................................................................................... 600 Defaults Dialog ......................................................................................... 600

Customize Options ....................................................................................... 602 Customize Commands ............................................................................... 602 Customize Toolbars ................................................................................... 604 Customize Keyboard ................................................................................. 605 Customize Menu ....................................................................................... 606 Customize Options .................................................................................... 608 Additional Customization ........................................................................... 609 Resetting Toolbars and Menus to Defaults .................................................... 609 Customize Button Appearance .................................................................... 609 Edit Button Image Dialog ........................................................................... 611

Chapter 18, Automating Grapher Introduction to Scripter ................................................................................ 613 Starting the Scripter Program ........................................................................ 613 Scripter Windows ......................................................................................... 614 Using Scripter.............................................................................................. 616

Example Script Files .................................................................................. 616 Working with Scripts .................................................................................... 616

New Scripts.............................................................................................. 616 New Modules ............................................................................................ 616 Existing Scripts and Modules ...................................................................... 617 Saving Scripts .......................................................................................... 617 Closing Scripts ......................................................................................... 617

Writing Scripts ............................................................................................. 617 Running Scripts ........................................................................................... 618

Running Scripts in Scripter ......................................................................... 618 Running Scripts from the Command Line ..................................................... 619

Debugging Scripts ........................................................................................ 619 Viewing Errors .......................................................................................... 620

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Run-Time Errors ....................................................................................... 620 Script Runs Incorrectly .............................................................................. 620

The Object Browser ...................................................................................... 624 Type Library References ............................................................................... 625 Scripter BASIC Language .............................................................................. 625

Program Statements ................................................................................. 626 Line Continuation ...................................................................................... 626 Comments ............................................................................................... 626 Double Quotes and Text ............................................................................ 627 Operators ................................................................................................ 627 Flow Control ............................................................................................. 627 Optional Arguments .................................................................................. 628 Subroutines and Functions ......................................................................... 629 Variables ................................................................................................. 632 Code, Class, and Object Modules ................................................................ 637 Getting User Input .................................................................................... 641 Creating Dialogs ....................................................................................... 641 UserDialog Example .................................................................................. 644

Using Scripter Help ...................................................................................... 646 Suggested Reading - Scripter ........................................................................ 647 Visual BASIC Compatibility ............................................................................ 647 Grapher Object Model ................................................................................... 648

Accessing Grapher .................................................................................... 648 Overview of Grapher Objects ...................................................................... 649 Object Model Chart ................................................................................... 649 Object Hierarchy ....................................................................................... 649 Object Hierarchy - AutoGraph..................................................................... 650 A Brief Introduction to the Major Grapher Objects ......................................... 652 Derived Objects ........................................................................................ 657 Collections ............................................................................................... 658 Using Collection Objects ............................................................................ 658

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Methods and Properties ............................................................................. 660 Using Grapher Objects............................................................................... 661

Automation Examples ................................................................................... 662 Script Example: Printing a Line/Scatter Plot with a Fit Curve .......................... 663 Script Example: Adding Additional Plots to an Existing Graph ......................... 664 Script Example: Auto3DBubblePlot Object .................................................... 666

Appendix A, Mathematical Functions Introduction to Mathematical Functions .......................................................... 671 Order of Operations ..................................................................................... 671

Data Types .............................................................................................. 672 Variable Names ........................................................................................ 672

Mathematical Functions ................................................................................ 672 Trigonometric Functions ............................................................................ 672 Bessel Functions ....................................................................................... 673 Miscellaneous Functions ............................................................................. 673 Statistical Functions of Intervals ................................................................. 674 String Comparison .................................................................................... 675

Boolean Expressions ..................................................................................... 677 Logical Operators (and, or, xor, not) ........................................................... 677 Comparison Operators (=, <>, <, >, <=, >=) ............................................. 677 IF Function - IF(condition, true_value, false_value) ....................................... 678

Index ...................................................................................................... 680

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1

Chapter 1 Introducing Grapher

Introduction to Grapher Welcome to Grapher, the easy to use technical graphing package for scientists, engineers, business professionals, or anyone who needs to generate graphs quickly and easily. Grapher is a sophisticated graphing program that transforms your data into any graph type you desire. Grapher creates over 50 different graph types, including 2D and 3D line, scatter, step, and function plots; bar, floating bar, and histogram charts; pie charts, polar plots, ternary diagrams, stiff plots, hi-low-close plots, box and whisker plots, and many other plot types. Combine plot types to reveal information about your data. Add fit curves, confidence intervals, or display statistical information for your data. Grapher allows you to produce the finest publication quality graphs available. Creating graphs is as easy as choosing the graph type, selecting the data file, and clicking the Open button. Grapher automatically selects reasonable default settings for each new graph. Changing the default settings for all future graphs is easy, allowing you to make the graph you want the first time, every time. All graphs allow quick and easy customization of all graph, axis, and plot settings. For example, you can change tick mark spacing, tick labels, axis title, axis length, grid lines, line colors, symbol styles, fill opacity, and more. You can add legends, images, fit curves, and drawing objects to the graph. You can import title blocks and company logos to create the final graph right in Grapher. To apply the same custom settings to several graphs, you can create a Grapher template containing the preferred styles. Once the graph is complete, you can export it in a variety of formats for use in all your presentations and publications. The Scripter program, included with Grapher, is useful for creating, editing, and running script files that automate Grapher procedures. By writing and running script files, simple mundane tasks or complex system integration tasks can be performed precisely and repetitively without direct interaction. Grapher also supports Active X automation using any compatible client, such as Visual BASIC. These two automation capabilities allow Grapher to be used as a graph program for all your scientific, engineering, or business needs.

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The script recorder records all commands as you make them in Grapher. When the script is run, Grapher performs the steps for you. This is ideal for users that need to perform repetitive tasks but are unfamiliar with automation, for advanced users who do not want to manually enter all of the syntax, or for average users having difficulty with syntax.

New Features This is an overview of some of Grapher 9's new features. User Friendly

• Full Unicode integration to allow international fonts and characters in all aspects

• of the program. • Install 32-bit or 64-bit version of Grapher 9. • Updated to modern Windows look. • Moved Grapher.INI file settings to Tools | Options command for easier setting

of • default values. • Drag and drop plots into or out of graphs and to another graph. • Added a Printer button in Page Setup under Windows Vista and 7. • New update feature lets you know when a new program update is available or

when • there is news from Golden Software. • Control the display of thick lines on the screen.

Graph Features

• Display clipped bars to the clipping limit, rather than always removing clipped • bars. • Clip fit curves using the standard clipping options. • Clip confidence intervals using the standard clipping options. • New label all portions of box and whisker plots. • Move log axis option to remove zeros from INI to axis properties. • Move graph titles with the mouse with the Move Labels command. • Label floating bar charts from worksheet columns. • Improved gridding accuracy for contour and surface maps.

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Axis Features • Limit worksheet tick mark labels from a worksheet to only certain rows in the

worksheet. • Set minor axis tick marks using Date/Time settings. • Display minor axis labels using Date/Time formats. • Set the minor tick mark labels on a log axis to display only a single digit. • Move axis tick mark labels to any desired location with the mouse with the

Move • Labels command. • Move axis titles to any desired location with the mouse with the Move Labels

command. • Added an option to set the exponential label formatting to one digit display.

So, • 1.0E008 can now be displayed as 1.0E8.

Legend Features

• Change the class scatter plot legends to display any text for the legend items. • Change the class scatter plot legend symbol properties. • Added a default setting for "Linked" legend entries item to Tools | Defaults

command. • Added a default legend name (or no name) item to the Tools | Defaults

command. Drawing and Digitizing Features

• Display of linked text with empty worksheet cell improved. • Improved linked text display abilities when graphs created from template files. • Add ability to edit individual objects in a composite without breaking apart • Enhanced image fill patterns when opacity is less than 100%.

Data Features • Read data from an Access database query. • Read data from an Access ACCDB file.

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Automation • Updated Scripter program uses a more modern interface for easier scripting. • Added the ability to reference grid files in plots created from templates.

System Requirements The minimum system requirements for Grapher are:

• Windows XP SP2 or higher, Vista, 7, or higher • 512 MB RAM minimum for simple data sets, 1 GB RAM recommended • At least 100 MB of free disk space • 1024 x 768 or higher monitor resolution with a minimum of 16-bit color depth

Installation Directions Installing Grapher 9 requires logging onto the computer with an account that has Administrator rights. Golden Software does not recommend installing Grapher 9 over any previous version of Grapher. Grapher 9 can coexist with older versions (i.e. Grapher 8) as long as they are installed in different directories, which is the default. For detailed installation directions, see the Readme.rtf file. To install Grapher from a CD:

1. Insert the Grapher CD into the CD-ROM drive. The installation program automatically begins on most computers. If the installation does not begin automatically, double-click on the Autorun.exe file located on the Grapher CD.

2. Click Install Grapher (32-bit) or Install Grapher (64-bit) from the Grapher Auto Setup dialog to begin the installation.

To install Grapher from a download:

1. Download Grapher according to the directions you received. 2. Double-click on the downloaded file to begin the installation process.

Updating Grapher To update Grapher, open the program and click the Help | Check for Update command. This will launch the Internet Update program which will check Golden Software's servers for any updates. If there is an update for your version of Grapher (i.e. Grapher 9.0 to Grapher 9.1), you will be prompted to download the update.

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Uninstalling Grapher Windows XP: To uninstall Grapher, go to the Windows Control Panel and double-click Add/Remove Programs. Select Grapher 9 (32-bit) or Grapher 9 (64-bit) from the list of installed applications. Click the Remove button to uninstall Grapher 9.

Windows Vista and 7: To uninstall Grapher when using the Regular Control Panel Home, click the Uninstall a program link. Select Grapher 9 (32-bit) or Grapher 9 (64-bit) from the list of installed applications. Click the Uninstall button to uninstall Grapher 9.

Windows Vista: To uninstall Grapher when using the Classic View Control Panel, double-click Programs and Features. Select Grapher 9 (32-bit) or Grapher 9 (64-bit) from the list of installed applications. Click the Uninstall button to uninstall Grapher 9.

A Note about the Documentation The Grapher documentation includes a quick start guide, the online help, and this full length guide. Use the Help | Contents command in the program to open the online help. In the event the information you need cannot be located in the this full length guide or the online help, other sources of Grapher help include our support forum, knowledge base, FAQs, and contacting our technical support engineers. Various font styles are used throughout the Grapher documentation. Bold text indicates menu commands, dialog names, window names, and page names. Italic text indicates items within a manager or dialog such as group names, options, and field names. For example, the Save As dialog contains a Save as type drop-down list. Bold and italic text also may be used occasionally for emphasis. In addition, menu commands appear as File | Open. This means, "click on the File menu at the top of the Grapher window, then click on Open within the File menu list." The first word is always the menu name, followed by the commands within the menu list.

Three-Minute Tour We have included several example files with Grapher so that you can quickly see some of Grapher’s capabilities. Only a few example files are discussed here, and these examples do not include all of Grapher’s many plot types and features. The Object Manager is a good source of information as to what is included in each file.

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The Floating Bar Chart.grf file contains text labels on the Y axis and

date labels on the X Axis.

Example Grapher Files To view the example Grapher files:

1. Open Grapher. 2. Click the File | Open command. Click on a .GRF file or .GPJ file located in the

Samples folder. By default, the Grapher Samples folder is located in C:\Program Files\Golden Software\Grapher 9\Samples.

Line Scatter Plot.gpj The line scatter sample file contains a graph with multiple line/scatter plots. Some of the lines are filled, others are not. The file also contains multiple axes and an inserted company logo. The GPJ file format includes the data embedded in the Grapher file. This is a great format to use when sending graphs to other users. Floating Bar Chart.grf The floating bar chart sample file contains a graph with a floating bar chart, dates, times, and events that need to be accomplished. The graph actually is two floating bar charts. The blue section shows the percent of each event that is complete. The gray section shows the entire amount of time allocated for each event. Axes display text and date labels. The GRF file format includes a link to the data. This format is good to use when the data will change periodically, as is the case with planning a project like this release schedule.

Using Grapher Graphs can be created in several ways in Grapher. These various methods allow you to create graphs in a manner most comfortable for you. The most common method of creating a graph is with the Graph menu commands in the plot window. For information on how to create a graph with the other methods, refer to the Creating Graphs section.

The Line Scatter Plot.gpj file contains multiple overlaid line/scatter plots using the same X axis with different Y axes.

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Creating Graphs in the Plot Window To create a graph with the Graph menu commands in the plot window: In the plot window, click the Graph menu.

1. Click 2D XY Graphs, Polar Graphs, Specialty Graphs, 3D XYY Graphs, 3D XYZ Graphs, Contour Maps, or Surface Maps.

2. Select the plot type you would like to create. 3. In the Open Worksheet dialog, select a data file and click the Open button. If

you are creating a contour grid map or surface grid map, you are prompted for a .GRD file. If you are creating any type of function plot, you are not prompted for a data file.

4. The graph is created with the default properties. You can change the properties of any portion of the graph by clicking on the plot, axis, or graph and editing the properties in the Property Manager.

5. Click the File | Save command to save the file as a Grapher .GRF or .GPJ file.

Using Scripter Tasks can be automated in Grapher using Golden Software’s Scripter program or any ActiveX Automation-compatible client, such as Visual BASIC. A script is a text file containing a series of instructions for execution when the script is run. You can do almost everything with a script that you can do manually with the mouse or from your keyboard. Scripts are useful for automating repetitive tasks and consolidating a sequence of steps. Scripter is installed in the same location as Grapher. Refer to the Grapher Automation help book in the online help for more information about Scripter. Several example scripts are included so you can quickly see Scripter’s capabilities.

Example Script Files To run a sample script:

1. Open Scripter by navigating to the installation folder, C:\Program Files\Golden Software\Grapher 9\Scripter. Double-click on the Scripter.EXE application file.

2. Click the File | Open command and select a sample script file .BAS in the C:\Program Files\Golden Software\Grapher 9\Samples\Scripts folder.

3. Click the Script | Run command and the script is executed. 4. Most sample scripts will open Grapher and display a graph in the plot window.

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Grapher User Interface The Grapher user interface consists of the title bar, menu bar, toolbars, tabbed windows, managers, and status bar. Grapher contains four document window types: the plot window, worksheet window, Excel worksheet window, and grid window. Graphs and maps are displayed and edited in the plot window. The worksheet window displays, edits, transforms, and saves data in a tabular format. The Excel worksheet window allows a native Excel window to be opened in Grapher. The grid window allows viewing of various grid files. The table on the next page summarizes the function of the Grapher layout components.

This is the Grapher window with the Object Manager and Property Manager on the left side. The plot window, where the graph is displayed, is tabbed with a worksheet window and a grid window. The toolbars and menu are displayed at the top and the status bar is displayed at the bottom.

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Component Name

Component Function

Title Bar The title bar lists the program name plus the saved Grapher file name, if any. An asterisk (*) after the file name indicates the file has been modified since it was last saved.

Menu Bar The menu bar contains the commands used to run Grapher.

Toolbars The toolbars contain Grapher tool buttons, which are shortcuts to menu commands. Move the cursor over each button to display a tool tip describing the command. Toolbars can be customized with the Tools | Customize command. Toolbars can be docked or floating.

Tabbed Windows

Multiple plot windows, worksheet windows, Excel windows, and grid windows are displayed as tabs. Click on the tab to display a window.

Object Manager

The Object Manager contains a hierarchical list of the objects in a Grapher plot window. These objects can be selected, added, arranged, edited, and renamed in the Object Manager. The Object Manager is initially docked on the left side above the Property Manager. Changes made in the Object Manager are immediately reflected in the plot window. The Object Manager can be dragged and placed at any location on the screen.

Property Manager

The Property Manager allows you to edit any of the properties of a selected object. Multiple objects can be edited at the same time by selecting all of the objects and changing the shared properties. Changes made in the Property Manager are immediately reflected in the plot window.

Worksheet Manager

The Worksheet Manager contains a view of all data loaded in Grapher. Edits made in the Worksheet Manager to any worksheet are automatically reflected in the graph. Right-click in the Worksheet Manager to save, edit, transform, sort, or obtain statistics on cells.

Script Manager

The Script Manager controls scripts that are recorded and run within Grapher. Right-click in the Script Manager to see relevant menu commands for opening, saving, and running scripts.

Status Bar The status bar displays information about the activity in Grapher. The status bar is divided into three sections that contain information about the selected command, object, or position.

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Changing the Window Layout The windows, toolbars, managers, and menu bar display in a docked view by default; however, they can also be displayed as floating windows. The visibility, size, and position of each item may also be changed. Refer to the Changing the Window Layout topic in the online help for more information on layout options.

Docking Managers Grapher has a docking mechanism feature that allows for easy docking of managers. Left-click the title bar of a manager and drag it to a new location while holding down the left mouse button. The docking mechanism displays arrow indicators as you move the manager around the screen. When the cursor touches one of the docking indicators in the docking mechanism, a blue rectangle shows the window docking position. Release the left mouse button to allow the manager to be docked in the specified location.

Customizing Toolbars and Buttons You may customize Grapher’s toolbars and menus by clicking the Tools | Customize command. This is useful to create custom toolbars, rearrange menus, menu commands, and toolbar buttons. You can display image, text, or image and text depending on your preference. You can also create a new button appearance for a command. In this exercise, we will move commands from one menu to another.

1. Click the Tools | Customize command. 2. In the Customize dialog, click the Commands tab. Select the command you

want to move. 3. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the cursor to the menu where you

want to place the command. 4. The menu will open. Place the cursor at the desired position and release the

mouse button. The command is added to the menu. 5. Click the Close button in the Customize dialog.

Plot Window A plot window is the area used for creating and modifying graphs. When you first start Grapher, you are presented with an empty plot window. Multiple plot windows can be open at one time. Tabs can be used to easily move between multiple plot windows. If

The docking mechanism has

docking indicators.

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you need to change the display of tabs, click the Tools | Options command. Select Display on the left side of the dialog. Change the Tabbed documents option on the right side of the dialog to turn tabs on and off. Menu Commands The menus contain commands that allow you to add, edit, and control the objects on the plot window page. See the Introduction help book in the online help for the Plot Window Commands help book that details the various plot window menu commands. Toolbars Toolbars display buttons that represent menu commands for easier access. Use the View | Toolbars command to show or hide a toolbar. A check mark is displayed next to visible toolbars. Hold the cursor over any tool button on the toolbar to display the function of the button as a screen tip. A more detailed description is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the window. Status Bar The status bar is located at the bottom of the window. Use the View | Status Bar command to show or hide the status bar. The status bar displays information about the current command or activity in Grapher. The status bar is divided into three sections. The left section shows the selected object name. If a menu command is selected, a brief description of the command appears in the left section. The middle section shows the cursor coordinates in inches or centimeters. The middle section also displays the graph's X and Y coordinates when using the Graph | Digitizing commands, or when Display value on click is enabled. The right section displays the dimensions of the selected object or the Property Manager option name and value.

Object Manager The Object Manager contains a hierarchical list of the objects in a Grapher plot window. The objects can be selected, arranged, moved, renamed, or deleted in the Object Manager or through the plot window menu commands. Changes made in the Object Manager are reflected in the plot window, and vice versa. Click the View | Managers | Object Manager command to show or hide the Object Manager. A check mark indicates the manager is visible. No check mark indicates the manager is hidden. You can increase the plot document space by minimizing the Object Manager with

the Auto Hide feature. To hide the manager, click the button in the upper right

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corner of the Object Manager. When the manager is hidden, place the cursor directly

over the tab to display the Object Manager again. Click the button to return the manager to docked mode. Each item in the Object Manager list consists of an icon indicating the object type, a text label for the object, and a check box. A indicates that the object is visible. A indicates that the object is not visible. Click the check box to change the visibility of the item. Invisible objects do not appear in the plot window or on printed output.

If an object contains sub-objects, a or button displays to the left of the object name. Click on the or button to expand or collapse the list. For example, a graph object contains a plot, e.g., line/scatter plot, plus at least two axes. The Graph can contain many other objects. To expand the Graph 1 tree to see the axes and plots, click on the button next to Graph 1. To collapse the Graph 1 tree, click on the button next to Graph 1.

Click on the object name to select an object and display its properties in the Property Manager. The plot window updates to show the selected object with a selection bounding box and the status bar displays the name of the selected object. To select multiple objects in the Object Manager, hold down the CTRL key and click on each object.

To edit an object's text ID, select the object and then click again on the selected item (two slow clicks). You must allow enough time between the two clicks so it is not interpreted as a double-click. Enter the new name into the box. Alternatively, you can right-click on an object name and select Rename Object. Enter an ID in the Rename Object dialog and click OK. To change the display order of the objects with the mouse, select an object and drag it to a new position in the list above or below an object at the same level in the tree. The cursor changes to a black arrow if the object can be moved to the cursor location or a red circle with a diagonal line if the object cannot be moved to the indicated location. For example, a line/scatter plot can be moved anywhere within its Graph object, but not into a composite object. A plot can be dragged into another Graph object. In

The Object Manager contains a hierarchical list of the objects in the Grapher plot window.

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addition to dragging objects in the Object Manager, the order can be changed with the Arrange | Order Objects command. To delete an object, select the object and press the DELETE key. Some objects cannot be deleted. For example, you cannot delete an axis that is currently in use by a plot in a graph.

Property Manager The Property Manager allows you to edit the properties of an object, such as a line or axis. The Property Manager contains a list of all properties for a selected object. The Property Manager can be left open so the properties of selected objects are always visible. Information about the object properties is located in the online help.

Features with multiple options appear with a or button to the left of the name. To expand a section, click on the button. To collapse a section, click on the button. For example, click on a line/scatter plot to select it. In the Property Manager, click on the Plot tab. Click the next to Worksheet rows and you see three options, First row, Last row, and Step row value. To change a property, click on the property's value next to the property name. Select

a new property from the pop up box, scroll to a new number using the buttons, select a new value from the drop-down list, or type a new value and press ENTER on your keyboard. How a property is changed depends on the property type. For example, a polyline has a Line Properties section that contains Color and Width properties. To change the Color, click on the current color and select a new color from the color drop-down list. To change the Width, highlight the current width and type a new number or scroll to a new number. You can modify more than one object at a time. Only shared properties are editable when multiple objects are selected. For example, click on X Axis 1 in the Object Manager. Hold the CTRL key down and click on Y Axis 1. You can change the common properties of each axis simultaneously in the Property Manager.

The Property Manager is used to change properties of selected objects.

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Occasionally, some properties are dependent on other selections. For example, on the Fill page, the Gradient fill option is disabled unless a Gradient type other than None is selected.

Object properties automatically update after changes are made in the Property Manager. If you want to disable the automatic update of properties, uncheck the Auto Update box at the bottom of the Property Manager. This allows multiple changes to be made without updating the plot window after each change. This can be convenient with large data sets because the redraw time is reduced. After making all changes, click the Apply button to update object properties in the plot window. When working with the Property Manager, the up and down ARROW keys on the keyboard move up and down in the Property Manager list. The ENTER key activates the options for the highlighted property. The right ARROW key expands a collapsed section. The left ARROW key collapses a section. Use the Tools | Options command and click on Property Manager to change the settings for the Property Manager.

Worksheet Manager The Worksheet Manager contains a view of all data loaded into Grapher. Multiple data files are displayed in a tabbed format. Use the View | Managers | Worksheet Manager command to show or hide the Worksheet Manager. A check mark indicates the manager is visible. No check mark indicates the manager is hidden. By default, the Worksheet Manager appears at the bottom of the Grapher window below the plot window. Right-click inside the Worksheet Manager to open the worksheet menu commands. Use the New Graph menu commands to create a graph in the current plot window. Use the Data menu commands to transform, sort, or generate statistics for the worksheet data.

Script Manager The Script Manager allows you to work with automation within Grapher rather than opening Golden Software's automation program, Scripter, separately. All of Scripter's toolbars, menus, etc. are available within the Script Manager. To access the menu commands, right-click in the Script Manager. Detailed information about Scripter, plus details about Grapher's automation objects, methods, and properties are located in the online help. Open the automation help by choosing the Help | Automation command in the Grapher program.

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Click the View | Managers | Script Manager command to show or hide the Script Manager. A check mark indicates the manager is visible. No check mark indicates the manager is hidden. Typically, the Script Manager is located at the bottom of the Grapher window, tabbed with the Worksheet Manager. Sample scripts can be found in the Scripts folder, located in the Grapher installation folder. By default, the Scripts folder is located at C:\Program Files\Golden Software\Grapher 9\Samples\Scripts. If your version of Grapher was installed elsewhere, look in that installation folder. The Scripts folder has a variety of .BAS script files ready for you to use. Sample scripts can also be downloaded from www.GoldenSoftware.com. The Script Recorder is a great way to use scripting and become familiar with automation. Complete Lesson 8 - Working with the Script Recorder to practice using the Script Recorder.

Worksheet Window To enter data in a worksheet, use the File | Open command to open an existing data file or click the File | New | Worksheet command to create a blank worksheet. Data already used to create plots can be opened in the worksheet window with the Graph | Display Worksheet command. See the Worksheet Window Commands help book, located in the Introduction help book in the online help for detailed information on the worksheet menu commands.

The components of the worksheet window shown above are described in the table on the next page.

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The components of a worksheet window are displayed below.

Component Name Component Function

Column Letters The column letters identify a column of the worksheet.

Row Numbers The row numbers identify a row of the worksheet.

Active Cell The cell highlighted with a bold outline. The active cell receives data input (numeric values or text strings) from the keyboard. Only one cell is active at a time.

Active Cell Location The location of the active cell is indicated with the column letter and row number (i.e. B4).

Active Cell Edit Box The box displaying the data or text contained in the active cell. Data typed into an empty cell appears in both the edit box and the active cell.

Worksheet Name The data file name of the worksheet or the worksheet number prior to saving is displayed on the tab.

Select Entire Worksheet Button

This button selects all cells in the worksheet.

File Types Several file types are used in Grapher.

Grapher Files There are three types of Grapher files: Grapher .GRF, .GPJ, and .GRT files. Grapher .GRF Files Grapher .GRF files contain all of the information necessary to reproduce the graph, except for the data. When you save a Grapher file, all the scaling, formatting, and parameters for the graph are preserved in the file. Grapher .GRF files save a link to the data and do not store the data internally in the file. For example, if a .GRF file needs to be sent to a colleague, you would need to send the data file(s) used to create the graph, in addition to the .GRF file. This format is preferred for graphs where the data changes and needs to link to the external source data file.

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Grapher .GPJ Project Files Grapher .GPJ files store all of the information necessary to reproduce the graph, including embedding the data. All scaling, formatting, and parameters for the graph are preserved in the file. If a .GPJ file needs to be sent to a colleague, you would only need to send the .GPJ file. This format is preferred when you want to have the data and the graph contained in a single file and the data does not change often. Grapher .GRT Template Files Grapher .GRT files are used to create a template with set graphing preferences. A saved template file does not contain a reference to a specific data file. This means that once the template graph is created, you can use the template with any data set. You can use the template to set options such as the number of decimal places on axis tick mark labels, label angles, axis labels, graph titles, line plot colors, fill colors, symbol size, or any other graphing option. If a .GRT file is sent to a colleague, they can use their own data set with the file to create a graph based on the specifications in the template file. This format is preferred when the layout of the graph needs to remain consistent with a variety of similarly formatted data files.

Data Files In most cases, there is a prompt for a data file when you create a graph in Grapher. Data files can be imported from a variety of sources, such as ASCII text files, Excel files, or database files. Data can be entered directly into Grapher’s worksheet if the files do not already exist. The data to be represented on a plot needs to be in column and row format. Each row is assigned to a single point on most plots. The columns contain the different variables to be represented on the plot. Some of the most commonly used data types are described in the following sections. ASCII Data ASCII files are generic format files that can be read or produced by most applications. There are three common ASCII data formats: .DAT, .CSV, and .TXT. These files can also be imported into most applications, including word processors, spreadsheets, and ASCII editors. The files differ in the types of delimiters, or column separators, between the data. ASCII files do not contain any worksheet formatting information such as row height, column width, or cell formatting. This format does not have a limitation on the number of rows or columns.

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Excel Files Microsoft Excel .XLS and .XLSX files contain data and retain some cell formatting in Grapher. Some information, such as formulas, is ignored. Excel files can preserve all formatting information available in the Golden Software worksheet. An Excel 2003 .XLS worksheet has a 65,536-row limit and a 256-column limit; therefore, this format cannot be used to store very large data sets. An Excel 2007 .XLSX worksheet has a 1,048,576 row limit and a 16,384 column limit. Use Caution when Saving Excel Files! A file can be saved in an Excel .XLS format from Grapher, but only one worksheet can be saved. Grapher does not allow for saving multiple worksheets in a single Excel document. If a multi-worksheet Excel file is open and saved from the Grapher, be aware that only a single worksheet is saved in the document. If the existing file is overwritten, all the other worksheets are destroyed. In this case, a warning message is issued. Retaining Excel Information To save all the formatting, formulas, and worksheets in an .XLS or .XLSX file, you can use Excel directly in Grapher. Use the File | Open Excel command to utilize all of Excel’s features and create graphs in Grapher. Excel disables the save command, so you can only use the Save As command and save to a new .XLS or .XSLX file. Database Files In Grapher 9, graphs can be created from Access .ACCDB and .MDB files and dBase .DBF files directly without first converting to a new worksheet. A graph is created directly from the database file and will reference the database. Changes made in the database table will automatically update the graph. Other database formats can be imported into Grapher’s worksheet. Click the File | New | Worksheet command. In the worksheet window, click the File | Import command. In the Merge dialog, click the Load Database button. Step through the dialogs to import the file and the database is converted into a worksheet format. These files cannot be saved in their native format, but you can save the files in any of the available worksheet formats by clicking the File | Save As command.

Grid Files Grid files are used to produce contour and surface grid-based maps in Grapher. Grid files contain a regularly spaced rectangular array of Z values organized in columns and rows. Grid files can be imported from a wide variety of sources. For example, the

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contour grid map.GPJ sample file uses a Surfer .GRD file to create a contour XY grid map.

Plot Types Several different 2D and 3D plot types can be created with Grapher. The Graph menu includes 2D XY Graphs, Polar Graphs, Specialty Graphs, 3D XYY Graphs, 3D XYZ Graphs, Contour Maps, and Surface Maps. Detailed information about each plot type and an example graphic is located in the online help in the Introduction book on the Plot Types page.

2D XY Graphs 2D XY graphs include 2D line/scatter plots, class scatter plots, function plots, step plots, bar charts, floating bar charts, and histograms. In most cases, two variables are displayed on two axes. You can combine multiple plots in a single graph. A graph can contain as many axes and plots as needed to display your data.

Polar Graphs Polar graphs include polar line/scatter plots, polar class scatter plots, polar bar charts, polar function plots, radar plots, rose diagrams, and wind charts. Data are positioned on a circular plot at an angle and a specified distance away from the center location.

Specialty Graphs Specialty graphs include box-whisker plots, bubble plots, hi-low-close plots, pie charts, stiff plots, ternary diagrams, and vector plots. Most of these plots display multiple variables on two axes.

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3D XYY Graphs 3D XYY Graphs include 3D XYY ribbon/wall plots, function plots, step plots, bar charts, floating bar charts, histograms, and pie charts. The 3D XYY graphs are equivalent to 2D graphs, with a 3D aspect.

3D XYZ Graphs 3D XYZ Graphs include 3D XYZ line/scatter plots, class scatter plots, bar charts, floating bar charts, and bubble plots. The 3D XYZ graphs are all 3D graphs with three independent variables and axes.

Contour Maps Contour Maps include contour data maps and contour grid maps. Contour maps are 2D representations of three variables. The contour line defines the equal Z values across the map. Contour maps can be displayed with an XY or XZ orientation.

Surface Maps Surface Maps include surface data maps, grid maps, and function maps. Surface maps are 3D color representations of three variables.

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Creating Graphs Graphs can be created using the plot window Graph menu commands, the Graph Wizard dialog, the worksheet window New Graph menu commands, and from templates.

Creating Graphs in the Plot Window The most common method of creating graphs is to use the plot window Graph menu commands. This method is discussed in the Three-Minute Tour section..

Creating Graphs with the Graph Wizard The graph wizard leads you through the necessary steps to create a new graph or add a plot to an existing graph. This is often the simplest way to make a graph if you are not familiar with Grapher or if you want to change some portion of the graph before it is created. You can set some of the plot features through the wizard, although most plot parameters use the default settings to create the graph. To create a graph with the graph wizard:

1. In the plot window, click the Graph | Graph Wizard command. 2. In the Graph Wizard dialog, select the plot type from the Plot Categories list.

Select a specific plot from the Plot Types section. A description of the selected plot type is listed in the Description section.

3. If you want to create a new graph, select New graph next to Add plot to. If you want to add a curve to an existing graph, select the graph name next to Add plot to.

4. Check the box next to Display preview, if a plot preview of the data is desired. 5. Click the Next button. 6. In the Open Worksheet dialog, choose a new data file to open, or click on a

previously opened data file in the Open worksheets list. Click the Open button. 7. In the Graph Wizard dialog, set the plot, line, and fill properties. You can

review the plot properties and see the Plot Preview if the Display preview option is checked.

8. If the plot does not appear the way you want, click the Back button to make changes. If the settings are acceptable, click the Finish button to create the graph. The graph is created with the specified properties.

9. Additional plot, axis, and graph properties can be changed by clicking on the appropriate object in the Object Manager and changing the properties in the Property Manager.

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Creating Graphs from the Worksheet If you are working with data in the worksheet, you can create a graph without switching to the plot window. Simply select the columns you wish to plot and choose the graph type you wish to create. To create a graph from the worksheet:

1. Open a data file by clicking the File | Open command. Select a data file in the Open dialog and click the Open button.

2. Highlight the columns to use in the plot. 3. Click the New Graph menu. 4. Click 2D XY Graphs, Polar Graphs, Specialty Graphs, 3D XYY Graphs, 3D

XYZ Graphs, Contour Maps, or Surface Maps. 5. Select the plot type you would like to create and the graph is created with the

default plot properties in a new plot window. You can change the properties of a selected graph, plot, or axis through the Property Manager.

If you are working with the data in the Worksheet Manager, right-click anywhere in the window and select the New Graph menu command in step 3.

Creating Graphs from a Template File Template graphs are used to set graphing preferences in Grapher. When a template file is saved, it does not contain a reference to any data file. This means that once the template file is created, it can be used it to create a graph with any data set. To Create a Template

1. In a plot window, design the graph exactly the way you want the final graph to appear. Create any plot type, set the axes properties, add titles, format legends, import company logos, set background properties, add text, etc.

2. Click the File | Save As command. 3. In the Save As dialog, specify a Save in location, a File name, and choose Plot

Template (*.grt) for the Save as type. Click the Save button to save the completed template file.

To Create a Plot From a Template

1. Click the File | New | Plot from Template command. 2. In the Open dialog, select a .GRT template file, and click the Open button.

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3. If prompted, select a data file to use with the template. Check the Use this worksheet for remaining items if all the plots in a template use the same worksheet. Check the Set columns if you want to change the column specifications for individual plots in the graph. Click the Open button and the new plot is created.

Alternatively, click the File | Open command, select a .GRT file in the Open dialog, and click the Open button. Select a data file to use with the template. Check the Use this worksheet for remaining items if all the plots in a template use the same worksheet. Check the Set columns if you want to change the column specifications for individual plots in the graph. Click the Open button and the new plot is created.

Automation Grapher operations can be controlled through automation scripts. You can do almost everything with a script that you can do manually with the mouse or from the keyboard. Scripts are used to automate repetitive tasks, consolidate a complicated sequence of steps, or act as a "front end" to help novice users access Grapher's capabilities without having to become familiar with Grapher. Since Grapher exposes its services through automation, you can use any programming tool that accesses automation objects. Such tools include Visual BASIC, Windows Scripting Host, and many of the Microsoft Office applications, among others.

Scripter Golden Software's Scripter is a program for developing and running scripts. A script is a text file containing a series of instructions carried out when the script is run. Instructions are written in a Visual BASIC-like programming language. Scripter offers many features to help you write, edit, and debug scripts. Its features include language syntax coloring, a list of the procedures defined in the script, an object browser for examining procedures available in external objects, a visual dialog editor, break points, single-step execution (including options to step over and to step out of procedures), a watch window for displaying the values of script variables, and more. To start the Scripter program, select it from the Windows Start menu. Scripter is installed in the same program group as Grapher 9. To open Scripter, click the Windows Start button and locate Golden Software Grapher 9 (32-bit) | Scripter or the Golden Software Grapher 9 (64-bit) | Scripter. If Scripter is not present, the installation of Scripter may have been skipped when Grapher was installed. See the Readme.rtf file for information about the installation process.

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Once Scripter is open, open a script file with the File | Open command. In the Open dialog, select any .BAS file. Execute the script by clicking the Script | Run command.

Script Recorder Grapher 9 includes a Script Recorder, accessed through the Edit | Script

Recorder commands or the toolbar. The Script Recorder records each process as you do it in Grapher. The script can be saved for later use. When the script is run, Grapher performs all the recorded steps for you. This is ideal for users who need to perform repetitive tasks but are unfamiliar with automation, for advanced users who do not want to manually enter all of the syntax, or for average users who have difficulties with syntax. Open the Script Manager with the View | Managers | Script Manager command, if you would like to view a script while it is recording. Recording must be stopped before you can edit scripts in the Script Manager.

Script Recorder Exercise To record a script:

1. Click the Edit | Script Recorder | Record command. The script recorder toolbar run button changes to a red circle to indicate recording mode.

2. Click the Draw | Ellipse command. 3. Left-click anywhere in the plot window, hold the left mouse button down, drag

the mouse to create an ellipse, and release the mouse button to finalize the ellipse.

4. Hold down the CTRL button on the keyboard and repeat step 3 to draw a circle.

5. Press the ESC button on the keyboard to exit draw mode. 6. Select Ellipse 1 in the Object Manager. In the Property Manager, click on

the Line tab. 7. Change the Color of the line from Black to Blue. 8. Click the Edit | Script Recorder | Stop command or click the red circle

button on the toolbar. 9. In the Save As dialog, select a File name and click the Save button. Your

script is now saved and ready to use.

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Getting Help The quick start guide provided with Grapher is a quick way to learn about the basics in Grapher. There are also other sources of help with Grapher, including this full length guide, that will help you learn Grapher. Online Help Extensive information about Grapher is located in the online help. Click the Help | Contents command to access the online help. You can navigate the online help using the Contents, Index, Search, and Favorites tabs on the navigation pane to the left of the topic page. The Contents page allows you to search the predefined table of contents. The table of contents has a variety of help books and help topic pages. The Index page allows you to search index words to find a help topic. If you do not find a topic with an index word, try a search on the Search page. The Search page offers advanced search options including phrases, wildcards, Boolean, and nested searches. The Favorites page allows you to add help pages to a custom list. This allows you to quickly find favorite help topics that you reference frequently.

Context-Sensitive Help Grapher also contains context-sensitive help. Highlight a menu command, window region, or dialog and press the F1 key to display help for the highlighted item. You may also access context-sensitive help by pressing SHIFT+F1 or clicking on the button. Then, click on a menu command, toolbar button, or screen region to view information specific to that item. The help window appears with additional information. In addition, most dialogs and the Property Manager contain a help button. Click the button in a dialog title bar or at the bottom of the Property Manager to open the help topic for the displayed properties.

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Internet Resources There are several internet help resources.

• Direct links to the Golden Software home page (www.GoldenSoftware.com), the Grapher product page, frequently asked questions, and the knowledge base are available by clicking Help | Golden Software on the Web.

• Click the Forums button in the online help (Help | Contents command) to post a question to our public support forums.

• Use the Help | Feedback commands to send a problem report, suggestion, or information request by email directly to Grapher technical support.

• Search the FAQs on our website at www.GoldenSoftware.com. • Search the knowledge base on our website at www.GoldenSoftware.com. • Watch the training videos on our website at • http://www.GoldenSoftware.com/supportvideo.shtml. • Read through our blog items at http://www.GoldenSoftware.com/blog.

Technical Support Golden Software’s technical support is free to registered users of Golden Software products. Our technical support staff is trained to help you find answers to your questions quickly and accurately. We are happy to answer all of your questions about any of our products, both before and after your purchase. We also welcome suggestions for improvements to our software and encourage you to contact us with any ideas you may have for adding new features and capabilities to our programs. Technical support is available Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mountain Time, excluding major United States holidays. We respond to email and fax technical questions within one business day. When contacting us with your question, have the following information available:

• Your Grapher serial number (located on the CD shipping cover or in the Help | About Grapher dialog)

• Your Grapher version number, found in Help | About Grapher, including whether it is the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Grapher

• The operating system you are using (Windows XP, Vista, 7, or higher), including whether it is a 32-bit or 64-bit operating system

If you encounter problems with Grapher, you are welcome to send an email message to Golden Software using the Help | Feedback | Problem Report command. This message is delivered directly to graphersupport@goldensoftware.com. Report the steps you perform when the problem occurs and include the full text of any error

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messages that are displayed. You are welcome to attach a .ZIP file (10 MB maximum) containing the .GRF, .GPJ, or data files that illustrate the problem. Contact technical support for other arrangements if you have very large zipped attachments to send.

Contact Information Telephone: 303-279-1021 Fax: 303-279-0909 Email: graphersupport@goldensoftware.com Web: www.GoldenSoftware.com (includes FAQs, knowledge base, support forum, training videos, newsletters, blog, downloads, and more!) Mail: Golden Software, Inc., 809 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401-1866, USA

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