Golf Ball Speed Analysis Apparatus

By: Dan and David Langenderfer

Faculty Mentor: Dr. H. El-Mounayri

ENGR 196 Honors Project, Dec. 2001

Outline of Presentation Original Intent 1st conceptual design Flaws in 1st design 2nd conceptual design Flaws in 2nd design Motion of apparatus Final design Changes to final

design Components

Animation at 30° Animation at 25° Graphs of

acceleration, velocity, forces, and position

Limitations Possible

Improvements

Original Intent of Project

Find speed of baseball after being hit by a bat.

Slow the measuring apparatus down. Design apparatus to have relatively no

vibration.

1st Design

Flaws in 1st Design

The parts would have to be big to with stand speed.

The arms used to slow the mechanism down may fly apart.

The joints would not be pin joints, instead they would have to pivot.

2nd Design

Flaws In Second Design

The spring would have a large recoil velocity.

The recoil velocity could injure the player or break his equipment.

The parts would have to be rigid and strong for their size.

Motion of Apparatus

Forces applied by the putter to the ball. Ball arm pivots on center shaft, while arrow

indicates speed of initial impact. Spring attached to ball arm counteracts the

initial impact of the putter. Ball returns to initial position.

Final Design

Changes In Final Design(Throughout Process)

Removed the spring from the shaft.

Connected arrow to the ball-arm.

Added half-sphere to the stop.

Components of Final Design

Base Feature Ball-Arm Top Retainer Indicator Arrow Putter Spring (Removed from final assembly do to

complications in Pro Mechanica).

Base Feature

Ball-Arm

Top Retainer

Indicator Arrow

Putter

Spring

Assembly

Aligned center axis of base feature with center axis of the ball-arm.

Mated the ball-arm, indicator arrow, and top retainer.

Initial Conditions

Putter Angle1 = 0.5236

radians Velocity = 0.17244

radians per second

Angle2 = 0.4363 radians

Velocity = 0.17244 radians per second

Ball arm Angle1 = 0 radians Velocity = 0

radians per second

Angle2 = 0 radians Velocity = 0

radians per second

Animation at 30º(click on image)

Animation at 25º(click on image)

Results Angular Acceleration Angular Velocity Joint Force Joint Torque Shoulder Force Shoulder Torque Point Acceleration Point Position Point Velocity

Angular Acceleration

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Pivot Joint Shoulder

-350

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Ang

ular

Acc

ele

ratio

n (r

adia

ns/s

econ

d2)

Time (seconds)

Ang

ular

Acc

ele

ratio

n (r

adia

ns/s

econ

d2)

Time (seconds)

Angular Velocity

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Pivot Joint Shoulder

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Ang

ular

Vel

ocity

(r

adia

ns/s

econ

d)

Time (seconds)

Ang

ular

Vel

ocity

(r

adia

ns/s

econ

d)

Time (seconds)

Joint Force

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Pivot Joint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

For

ce (

poun

ds)

Time (seconds)

For

ce (

poun

ds)

Time (seconds)

Joint Torque

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Pivot Joint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Time (seconds)

Time (seconds)

Tor

que

(pou

nd*i

nche

s)T

orqu

e (p

ound

*inc

hes)

Shoulder Force

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

For

ce (

poun

ds)

Time (seconds)

For

ce (

poun

ds)

Time (seconds)

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Shoulder

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Shoulder Torque

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Tor

que

(pou

nd*i

nche

s)T

orqu

e (p

ound

*inc

hes)

Time (seconds)

Time (seconds)

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Shoulder

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Point Acceleration

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Ang

ular

Acc

ele

ratio

n (r

adia

ns/s

econ

d2)

Time (seconds)

Ang

ular

Acc

ele

ratio

n (r

adia

ns/s

econ

d2)

Time (seconds)

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Ball Arrow Tip

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Point Position

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Dis

tanc

e (r

adia

ns)

Time (seconds)

Dis

tanc

e (r

adia

ns)

Time (seconds)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Ball Arrow Tip

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Point Velocity

Angle 25°

Angle 30°

Ang

ular

Vel

ocity

(r

adia

ns/s

econ

d)

Time (seconds)

Ang

ular

Vel

ocity

(r

adia

ns/s

econ

d)

Time (seconds)

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Ball Arrow Tip

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Limitations

Scale is not calibrated. Indicator arrow does not help golfer find

velocity, distance, or force. Linear spring may affect results. Ball-arm hits support for scale. Motion never stops.

Possible Improvements

Different source of resistance.

Move support for scale.