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GOOD AFTERNOON
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR MALAYSIA
By:
Dr. Ir. SHAMSUDIN AB LATIFDeputy Director General (Development)Department of Environment, Malaysia
Q-SHE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION(QUARRY SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT)
FOR QUARRYING BUSINESS ENHANCEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN QUARRY INDUSTRY
14 November 2006 Holiday Villa Subang, Subang Jaya, Selangor
Department of Environment, Malaysia
COVERAGE
i. Environmental impactsii. Planning Stage iii. Environmental
Management and Mitigation Measures
iv. Maintenance, Monitoring and Record Keeping
v. ConclusionDepartment of Environment, Malaysia
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
OF QUARRIES
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Environmental Impacts of Quarries
i. Development stageii. Operational stageiii. Post-closure stage
Department of Environment, Malaysia
PLANNING STAGE
Department of Environment, Malaysia
PUBLIC RELATION
Good neighbor policy
- Need to win support of neighboring
community
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Practical ways of promoting good neighborly relationships
Consultation with residents at the EIA stage
Make available copies of non technical summary
Dedicated staff member to handle complaints
Make available environmental monitoring data
SITING CONSIDERATIONS
Sufficient buffer distance of (preferably) at least 1000 meters from residential area
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Site selected to minimize:
Visual impact Dust Noise Pollution of water courses
Department of Environment, Malaysia
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
Identify potential impacts
Suggest mitigation measures
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Air pollution control
Water pollution control
Monitoring requirements
WRITTEN PERMISSION/APPROVAL
Department of Environment, Malaysia
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Site preparation Blasting
Extraction
Topsoil and overburden management
Rehabilitation
Processing
Stockpiling
Traffic
Site Preparation
Activities:- timber clearing- grubbing- top soil and overburden
salvage
Main aspects of concern:- Soil erosion and sediment
controlDepartment of Environment, Malaysia
Blasting
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Blasting generates:- vibration- audible noise- fly rock- dust
Control:- digital blasting using
electronic detonators
Extraction
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Noise Visual concerns
Dust
Traffic
Pollution prevention
Erosion, sediment, storm water
Rehabilitation
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Topsoil and Overburden Management
Only clear area that will be actively used for extraction, processing and stockpiling
in the near future
Rehabilitation
Progressive rehabilitation is recommended:- minimize topsoil and overburden
handling
- minimize the need for large storm water management area
- prevent dust generation
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Processing
Aggregate processing may include:
Crushers, screens, wash plants, generators, conveyors
Concerns:
Noise, dust, visual impact, sediment, water, wash-water fine
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Stockpiling
Generates large quantity of stormwater
Stormwater management; dust control
BMPs:
Chute; drop height; water sprays; buffers on down wind of stockpiles; stockpiles located away from sensitive areas
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Traffic
On-site traffic generates dust and noise
Mitigation measures:
- aspects of haul road and industrial
traffic
- Entrance and exit designs
- Weigh scale layout
Department of Environment, Malaysia
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Concerns: Soil erosion and mud slides
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Stabilization (Prevention)
Structural (Treatment)
Inspections
STORMWATER AND EROSION CONTROL
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Stabilization (Prevention)
Bufferzone Bioengineering Ditches Erosion control blanket Tarp Vegetation cover Benching Hidroseeding Limit clearing Tree protection
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Structural (Treatment)
Check dam Ditches Outlet protection Retention basin Settling pond Silt fence Swales
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Inspections
Post-storm events
Weekly
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Reference Document
Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MASMA)
published by Drainage and Irrigation
Department (DID) Malaysia
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Drilling
Concerns: Noise and dust Requires: drilling plan Mitigation measures:
- Drilling machine:
dust extraction and collection
- Drill hammers and engines:
Noise suppression
- Drilling hours: Restricted
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Blasting
Concerns: Vibration, air blast Standard:
Air blast over pressure: 120dB (Lin Peak)
Ground vibration: Maximum 3 mm/s peak
particle velocity (ppv) Mitigation measures:
- Use hydraulic rock breakers - Do not use surface detonating cord - Use electronic detonators
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Noise
Activities:
- Drilling - Blasting - Earth moving operations - Crushing - Screening
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Standard At Quarry Boundary
Should not exceed 5 – 10 dB(A) above normal day time ambient level
Day time: 65 dB(A)
Night time: 55 dB(A)
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Processing
Enclosures around crushing and screening plants Solid barriers (bund walls and topographical
features) Vegetation belt Maintain access and haul road to reduce truck
noise Maintain & lubricate machineries to reduce
machinery noise Use silencers on compressors, rotary engines
and generators
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Dust control
Typically, low concentration of dust
in respirable range (less then 3 microns)
Sources - from processes
- from fugitive sources
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Dust Generating Points Drilling Blasting Loading of trucks Truck travel Fugitive dust loss from trucks Dumping onto primary crusher Primary, secondary, tertiary crushing Screening Transfer points on conveyor systems Loading onto storage piles from conveyors Windblown dust from stockpiles and open
conveyors
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Mitigation Measures
Some already discussed earlier
Common approach:
- Wet suppression system - Dry collection system
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Agglomerative Wet Suppression System
- Use atomizing nozzles - Water spray pressures Exceeding 14 atm (200
psi)
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Wet Suppression System
Applicable for both process and fugitive dust emission
Efficiency: Greater than 70%
Need to enclose dust generation sources
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Examples of Enclosure Types/Forms
Transfer Points
A head box with inlet strip curtain
A seal on underside of feeder belt
Tight chute with a rock box
Tight skirt board for the entire length of the belt cover
Strip curtain fitted at the front and back discharges of the cover
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Enclosure Types/Forms…(cont.)
Screens
Preferably, totally enclosed
If open, the feeder belt must be enclosed with a head box extending out over the deck and
distribution plate
A seal with rubber between deck and hopper
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Enclosure Types/Forms…(cont.)
Crushers
Rock box or vault under crusher, with substantial volume
If no vault, the receiving belt must be skirted
Crusher month to be protected from wind by wind screen
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Enclosure Types/Forms…(cont.)
Dump pockets and hoppers
Custom design enclosure
Hopper top - use of solid sheet material/ tarp fabric/wind fence material
Baffles or turning vans
Department of Environment, Malaysia
DRY COLLECTION SYSTEM
Advantage:
- More efficient
Disadvantage:
- Capital intensive - Power consumptive - High maintenance - Applicable only to sources
which can be enclosed
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Dry collection system consist of:
- Extraction system (hoods, ducting, fans)
- Bag house (filters; filtration velocity)
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Drilling for blast charge:
Use wet suppression system
or
Hooding plus cyclone
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Crushing operation (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Primary Crushers
All crushers must be enclosed
Wet suppression system (spray above and below crushers)
Crushers can be inter-linked with water flow detectors
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Secondary Crushers
Sources:
- transfer into crusher- crusher itself
Dust control:
- enclosure - vent though bag house
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Screening and Material Transfer
Sources:
- Screens- Transfer points- Load outs (from hoppers and conveyors)
Dust control:
- enclosure - vent though bag house
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Conveying
Control:
- Spraying with water or conditioning agents at or below discharge points from the conveyer
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Stockpiling
Control:
- Storage bays- Covers- Water spraying (plus suppressants) - Reduce fall height- Use stone ladder- Limit height of stockpile- No open storage of material under 3 mm- Stockpile at sheltered points- Areas used by vehicles to be consolidated or kept wet
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Truck Out Areas
(From quarry site to public roadways)
Control:
Paving (minimum 30 m)
Use wash station
Department of Environment, Malaysia
MAINTENANCE/MONITORING AND RECORD KEEPING
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Visible emission monitoring
Visible emission due to particle size range of 0.1 to 200 microns
Operator should monitor visible emission
Visual observation indicates effectiveness of dust control on site
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Other Dust Monitoring Techniques:
Use simple dust deposition gages
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Record Keeping of Visible Emission Monitoring
Keep a record of (in a log):
- Visible emission monitoring activity
- Corrective actions taken
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Performance Monitoring of Air Pollution Control System
Performance monitoring and record keeping requirement for bag filters to follow the Guidance Document published by the DOE entitled:
Technical Guidance Document Series Number DOE APCS-II
“Technical Guidance on Performance Monitoring of Air Pollution Control systems”
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Performance Monitoring of Storm Water and Erosion &Sediment Control Measures
Inspection required:
To ensure continued performance of storm
water and erosion control measures
Visual inspection during general inspection round by quarry supervisor
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Storm Water and Erosion & Sediment Control Measures
Inspection frequency
- Every 7 days or
- within 24 hours after any storm event greater than 1 cm of rain per 24
hours period
Sampling conducted during/after storm event
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Record Keeping
Keep a log of:
- Visual inspection
- Sampling activity
- Corrective actions
CONCLUSION
Department of Environment, Malaysia
Department of Environment, Malaysia
CONCLUSION
A need for a new and comprehensive approach to environmental management in quarry industry in Malaysia
Best management practices/best available techniques are available to mitigate impacts to acceptable levels
Hence quarries and other land users can co-exist harmoniously
Contact : [email protected]
Department of Environment, Malaysia