Good Practices of - Iswm - Tinosiswm-tinos.uest.gr/uploads/D_6_64(_)_Loizidou...• Greece has an extremely large number of islands, with estimates ranging from somewhere around 1,200

International Conference Circular Economy - Territorial Cohesion - Islands

Good Practices of

Circular Economy for

Waste Management in Islands

Prof. Maria Loizidou

National Technical

University of Athens

School of Chemical

Engineering

Unit of Environmental

Science & Technology

[email protected]

www.uest.gr

Monday, 14th November 2016

Heraklion, Crete

MSW

Management

Status &

Challenges

in islands

• In EU there are hundreds of islands

• EU islands are inhabited by more than 4 % of the total EU population (i.e. 20 million residents live in areas experiencing permanent disadvantages and vulnerabilities)

• The difficulty of effective and sustainable solid waste management practices are related to:

- The fragile ecosystems and limited

natural resources of these areas

- The significant seasonal fluctuations

of waste resulting mainly from touristic

activities and

- The non-favoured economies of scale

International Conference Circular Economy - Territorial Cohesion – Islands, 14.11.2016 Heraklion, Crete


The islands of Europe in numbers

Area Population

sq km % of Europe Persons % of Europe

All European

Islands 274,931 5.6% 20,518,886 4.1%

of which: sq km

% of total for

Islands Persons

% of total for

Islands

Island State 9,562 3.5% 1,189,803 5.8%

Without Fixed Link 263,000 85.8% 15,785,558 76.9%

Mountainous 121,695 44.3% 13,200,431 64.3%

South 118,808 43.2% 15,381,270 75.0%

North 156,123 56.8% 5,137,616 25.0%

Iceland 102,699 37.4% 289,542 1.4%

Cordina, G.(2013) www.insuleur.org

http://www.insuleur.org/

• Greece has an extremely large number of islands, with estimates ranging from somewhere around 1,200 to 6,000.

• The number of inhabited islands is variously cited as between 166 and 227.

• The largest Greek island by area is Crete, located at the southern edge of the Aegean Sea.

• The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into clusters:

Ionian, Dodecanese, Cyclades etc.

• Historically, geographically, politically and economically, islands are very important to Greece.

The insular character of Greece


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Sea

MSW

Management

Strategies in

Islands

Α Β C

Α. Single Strategy: All or major part of waste is managed on the island (typically possible for relative large islands and isolated islands with long distances from the mainland and from other islands)

Β. Tandem Strategy: Waste transported to the mainland where it can be treated and disposed of in an environmentally sound way

C. Joint Strategy: Waste management cooperation between islands.

In practice a mix of strategies is applied for sound waste management


Source: EC (1997) Codes of practice for waste management on islands. Manual.

Pressure on resources is increasing

Resource security is threatened due to intensive use

More waste which need to be treated is generated

Europe is the world's primary tourism destination and tourism generates 10% of EU GDP

Predominant factors in choosing holidays destinations: quality of natural features and landscape

Tourists: More environmentally conscious, eco-labelling…

Which are the Global & European Challenges?

Eurostat: Tourism intensity, 2014 (nights spent by residents and non-residents at tourist

accommodation establishments per inhabitant)

Tourism Intensity Most popular tourist destinations in the EU-28


Which are the Challenges for Europe’s Recycling Industries to use secondary raw materials as feedstock?

X Shortage of secondary raw materials due to exports to non-European countries partly due to illegal shipments of waste

X Insufficient and contradictory policy support for closing the loops

X Subsidies for the use of recyclable and renewable material for energy recovery

X Insufficient recyclability requirements for converted products (ΕoW criteria)

X Suboptimal end-of-life collection schemes

X Technological hurdles to recycle increasingly complex products

X Landfilling of recyclable waste

X Inconsistencies in legislation in the field of waste, products and materials

(ΕoW criteria)

Exports of European secondary raw materials are facilitated by:

a strong demand for resources from emerging markets

relatively cheap east bound shipping costs

substandard environmental management of recycling processes outside Europe

insufficient control at borders

lack of quality of the collected material

Source: Confederation of European Paper Industries, 2012

EU-27 physical trade balance with the rest of the world 2011


Resource Efficiency


Circular economy is a global economic

model that decouples economic growth

and development from the consumption

of finite resources.

The alternative model of Circular Economy

It is widely recognised in Europe that

the prevailing linear model of economic

growth founded on resource

consumption and pollutant emissions is

unsustainable.

Take Make Waste The Linear Economy

Take Make Waste

The Circular Economy


EU long-term transition/intermediate targets related to environmental policy

RESOURCE EFFICIENCY

Using less,

living better

Source: EEA (2014) Multiannual Work Programme 2014–2018

Why it is important to apply circular economy on resource management for islands?

• Currently, most circular economy models are implemented in centralised /urban supply chains, while burdens are experienced by mainly insular/ remote communities.

• Higher supply costs for imported resources - fuel, animal feeds, chemical products/fertilisers, other commodities…

• Natural resources / waste available

• Cost for waste and wastewater management is increasing

• Proximity & Self-sufficiency principle: all EU Member States to apply this principle in their waste management practices at national level, and, as far as practicable, also at regional and sub-regional levels. To this end, waste should be treated/disposed of as close to the point of generation as possible.

• Need for environmental protection

• Consumer choices are in favour of cleaner production

• Insight needed to handle or turn ‘permanent natural or demographic handicaps’ of insular areas into opportunities.


‘Good practice’ examples of implementing CIRCULAR ECONOMY on waste management in islands

SCOPE: ‘ISWM-TINOS’ project aimed to promote and demonstrate an Integrated Solid

Waste Management (ISWM) system to a selected remote area of the Municipality of

Tinos for the sustainable management of MSW in line with the Waste Framework Directive

2008/98/EC

Website: www.iswm-tinos.uest.gr

The ‘ISWM TINOS’ LIFE+ project

LIFE 10 ENV/GR/000610


Tinos Island Target population:

400 inhabitants

LIFE+ ‘ISWM TINOS’ pilot project in remote communities of Tinos Municipality:

- Separate collection of dry

recyclables & biowaste in 5 different streams and composting at community level

http://www.iswm-tinos.uest.gr/



Indoor Outdoor

Reusable bags Wheelie bins 240L

Packaging Waste Paper/paperboard

Glass Plastic & Metal

Collection & Transportation

MRF (mainland)

ISWM scheme for Packaging Waste

Temporary storage (3 containers)

Shipment


ISWM scheme for BioWaste

• Biodegradable bag • Small bin (10 or 40 L) Wheelie bin 120L

Collection & Transportation

Community Composting (prototype unit)

Indoor Outdoor

ΒΙOWASTE

Compost


Decentralised composting of BioWaste

Compact prototype biowaste composting unit

The capacity ranges between 70 to 200 tn yr-1 (residence time 15 to 60d)

Automated hydration, aeration and deodorization systems

Biofilter for the treatment of emitted gases

Collection and recirculation of leachates

No mechanical agitation is needed


Waste Transfer Site (Recyclables)

Composting Unit (Biowaste)

Pyrgos Community

Ormos Panormou

Community

Overview of the ISWM scheme


Evaluation indicators of the ‘ISWM TINOS’ project

Waste type Unit Recycling Achievement

Paper/paperboard Kg per capita per year 33.3

Glass Kg per capita per year 11.4

Plastic & Metal (joint collection)

Kg per capita per year 21.1

Biowaste Kg per capita per year 82.4

Total MSW

Kg per capita per year 148.2

% of MSW 34.2


Questions to be answered


- How to cope with high sea transportation costs of sorted recyclables to mainland?

- Sustainable management planning

- Transport Logistics

- On-site management & treatment of biodegradable waste

- LCA evaluation results - …………………

Website: www.pavethewayste.eu

The ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ LIFE project

LIFE 14 ENV/GR/000722 Demonstrating resource efficiency through innovative, integrated waste recycling schemes for remote areas


LIFE ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ project in Small Cyclades Islands of Naxos Municipality (& Ancient Olympia): oDonousa oSchinoussa o Irakleia oKoufonissi o (& Ancient Olympia)

- Fine source separation in 15 different streams and pre-treatment (compression, crushing etc.) of recyclables at neighbourhood level

Small Cyclades Islands Target population: 875 inhabitants in islands

http://www.pavethewayste.eu/

http://www.pavethewayste.eu/

OVERALL SCOPE: This project aims to facilitate the implementation of the Waste Framework Directive in remote areas, by enabling local and regional authorities to improve their municipal waste recycling performance and thus pave the way to high resource efficiency.

The ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ LIFE project


1 2

4

Household level/ Separation at source in 5 streams

Municipal level Fine separation of waste materials in multiple streams

Municipal level Temporary storage

3

National level Transport of sorted materials in the secondary raw materials markets

The proposed ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ scheme


Objective: The design of a prototype system which will be able to facilitate the recovery of materials of high quality and purity from MSW at community level


The innovative ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ recycling system

Operational Specifications

The recycling center consists of the following areas: - Reception area of pre-sorted waste (plastic, glass, metal, paper, special waste

streams) of the citizens to the user – operator of the innovative system (1 person)

- Space area for further separation of waste into subcategories (PET, HDPE, LDPE, Aluminium, tinplate, PVC, etc.) by the user-operator,

- Processing area - compression of materials susceptible to such treatment, - Storage area of pre-sorted materials

System Plan and space arrangement of

20m3 container,

(6.058m x 2.591m x 2.438m)

The innovative ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ recycling system

LIFE ‘PAVEtheWAySTE’ - Expected project results

Development of an integrated, replicable system of innovative character for source separation and treatment of MSW for remote areas in Greece and EU

Increase of MSW recycling rate: • Ancient Olympia 60% • Small Cyclades of Naxos Municipality 50%

Establishment & demonstration of 9 prototype recycling systems

Treatment of 400-500 kg MSW per system per day

Raising of environmental awareness of citizens and tourists in participating municipalities

Recovery of high quality recyclable materials

Suggestions for full scale implementation of the innovative systems in the participating municipalities of Naxos & Small Cyclades and Ancient Olympia

2 replication and transfer studies of the project in other remote Municipalities of Spain and Greece

What has to be done to implement successfully circular

economy models in islands?

Governmental vision

Supportive legislation dedicated to insular and remote areas

Innovation in energy & waste management schemes

Transfer and development of technological and sustainable waste management planning knowhow in local actors

Willingness to cooperate and work towards same national & EU targets

Synergy development activities of all the actors involved

Spatial planning

Local job growth

Awareness raising and active involvement of local societies

Mobilization of sustainable funding and promotion

Alternative solutions to achieve circular metabolism in islands

Renewable heating fuel from biodegradable waste

Brackettes: biomass briquettes made from bracken

Brackenburn manufacture briquettes from bracken, as a fuel for domestic fires and log burners. These Brackettes are claimed to burn hotter than oak due to higher calorific value and lower moisture content.

Source: Arnison, R. (2016) Circular Economy Potential on Scottish Islands


Solution for renewable electricity generation storage?

Electric vehicles




Nutrient recovery from sewage

Microbial Fuel Cells

Small scale heat and power from sewage

Nutrient separation

Small scale low energy separation into nutrient liquor and clean water



On-island recycling of waste plastics

ECOCYCLE Cube: 3d printing with recycled plastics

“Exclusively printing in post-consumer waste, the EKOCYCLE Cube 3D printer recycles what you use, so you can remake into new, meaningful, beautiful and better things”

Thank you for your attention

Prof. Maria Loizidou Unit of Environmental Science and Technology (UEST), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

[email protected]

http://uest.gr/

mailto:[email protected]

http://uest.gr/

ATHENS 5th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Deadline for abstract submission: 31/12/2016

Indicative keynote speakers:

Antonis Mavropoulos, ISWA President

Ange Nzihou, Ecole des Mines d’ Albi, Editor of WASTE & BIOMASS VALORIZATION

Costas Velis, University of Leeds, As. Editor of WASTE MANGEMENT & RESEARCH

David Newman, World Biogas Association, Former ISWA President

Documents

Good Practices of - Iswm - Tinosiswm-tinos.uest.gr/uploads/D_6_64(_)_Loizidou...• Greece has an extremely large number of islands, with estimates ranging from somewhere around 1,200