Goodrich, Old Maps in the Library of Topkapi Palace in Istanbul

Old Maps in the Library of Topkapi Palace in IstanbulAuthor(s): Thomas D. GoodrichSource: Imago Mundi, Vol. 45 (1993), pp. 120-133Published by: Imago Mundi, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151167Accessed: 03/12/2008 15:27

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Old Maps in the Library of Topkapi Palace in Istanbul

By THOMAS D. GOODRICH

There are thousands of old maps in Istanbul. Some are in Greek and Latin copies of Ptolemy and a few are European in origin. Most of the Muslim manuscript maps are in copies of books by Piri Reis (d. 1554), Katib Qelebi (d. 1657), and Ebubekir ibn Behram al- Dlmiski (d. 1691), some of these books having over two hundred maps in them. Other manuscript maps are single maps in books such as the world maps in geog- raphies and histories like those by Ibn Khaldun (d. 1382) and Ibn al-Wardi (d. 1349). The earliest individual separate Muslim maps in Istanbul are the chart by Ibrahim al-Mursi of Tripoli (1461),' an Otto- man military sketch of Kiev (ca. 1500),2 and the fragment of the world map of 1513 by Piri Reis,3 but there are not many before 1800, after which printed maps are increasingly frequent, both Ottoman and Euro- pean. The old individual separate maps can be large scale, such as world maps, and small scale, such as insurance maps indicating all the buildings in a small area of Istanbul.

Few of the maps in Istanbul have been catalogued, and hardly any have been published, much less ana- lysed. Imago Mundi has been in the forefront of publishing efforts both to list what maps exist in Istanbul and to describe occasional maps. On average, an article has appeared every two or three years on a variety of subjects. Many of these are cited in this paper. At first the articles focused on old maps from European Chris- tendom, but more recently the emphasis has shifted to include Ottoman maps. While other periodicals would also welcome articles, the dearth of publishing in the field is largely due to the inactivity of students of cartography in Istanbul. It is particularly regrettable, as Dagtekin has commented, that local Turkish scholars have not contributed more in this field.4

There are, however, signs of change both in Istanbul and in Turkey in general, and it is to be hoped that publications will result. Of primary importance is the current cataloguing of major collections. For Istanbul, these include: (1) the Prime Ministerial Archives (Bas- bakanllk Ar?ivi); (2) the Archives of the Municipality of Istanbul (Istanbul Belediye Ar?ivi), whose cartographic archive has been moved to the Ataturk Library (Atatiirk Kitabligi), where there were already a number of old maps and atlases, mostly European; (3) the Naval Museum (Deniz Miizesi); and (4) the Military Museum (Askeri Miize). In Ankara, (5) the National Library (Milli Kiitiiphane), is not only cataloguing its maps but is also, most importantly, working towards a National Union Catalogue of Maps. Yet another project under way is the publication of a book of early maps of Istanbul available in Istanbul itself.

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An introductory article, by Cahit Kaya, 'Haritalarda Byzantium-Dersaadet-I stanbul (in Turkish and English)', Tirkiyemiz, 19 no. 59 (1989), 30-39, has already been published. The project is well funded and the final results should be impressive.

In addition, Dogan Ucar, a geodicist at the Tech- nical University of Istanbul (Istanbul Teknik Uni- versitesi), has applied the precise methods of his profession to two old maritime charts (See Miirsiyeli Ibrahim Haritasz; the chart of Ibrahim ofMursiye [Murcia], 1461, Istanbul 1981, and 'Uber eine Portolankarte im Topkapi-Museum zu Istanbul', Kartographische Nachrichten 37 [1987], 222-228.). Uqar is also working on the Ali Macar Reis Atlas (see below H 644) while training others in the same careful analytical approach.

So far only five of the many manuscript libraries in Istanbul have had competent modern catalogues published, though none of the cataloguers was particularly interested or skilled in cartographic cataloguing:5 A. F. E. Karatay. Topkapz Sarayz Miizesi Kiitiiphanesi:

I. Turkfe Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1961), 2 volumes. II. Arabca Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1962-69), 4 volumes. III. Farsfa Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1961).

B. R. es?en et al. Catalogue of manuscripts in the Kdpriiu Library (Istanbul, 1986).

C. Giinay Kut. Tercuman Gazetesi Kiitiphanesi. I. Turkfe Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1989).

D. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. 'Amcazade Hiiseyin Pasa. Siileymaniye Library. Istanbul', The Union Catalogue of Manuscripts in Turkey (TOYATOK), 34/III. 1987.6

E. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. 'Hekimba?l Musa Nazif Efendi Koleksiyonu. Siileymaniye Library. Istanbul', The Union Catalogue of Manu- scripts in Turkey (TUYATOK), 34/III. 1987.

One of the richest of the map collections is that of Istanbul University. Here the older books, maps, and other material have recently been separated from the rest of the university library and put into the university museum. Despite its richness of holdings and the com- petence of the faculty, no study or cataloguing of its old maps has been embarked upon. The map collection must be in a deplorable state; most of the individual separate maps I asked to see were not brought out to me because of their poor condition.

In better condition, though also uncatalogued, are the maps in the surprisingly varied and rich collection in the two libraries of the Istanbul Archaeology Museums (Istanbul Arkeoloji Miizeleri), both under

the supervision of one librarian, Havva Klvlrclk: the main library and the Oriental Library ($ark Kiitipha- nesi). The latter was assembled largely through pur- chase near the turn of the century for an Oriental Institute that was never created, the collection remain- ing in a room in the then brand new library of the Istanbul Archaeology Museums. It has its own card file and acquisitions register. Some maps in this collection are worth detailed study for their historical information. The main or archaeological library also contains some old printed maps and atlases. Together, the collection of old maps is surpassed in age and variety by only one other Istanbul collection.

Undoubtedly, the best collection of maps for the his- torian of cartography is still that in the Topkapi Palace Library (Topkaplsarayl Kiitiiphanesi). Many of the maps are old, many are significant, many have already had attention drawn to them, and many more need to be examined by scholars more competent than I. Even though the map collection has been discussed a number of times since the establishment of the museum and its library in the 1920s, many items have escaped earlier attention. I have caught a number more in my own trawl of the collection. Other maps, which I have not seen, are to be found in the archives of the Topkapi Palace.7 I am informed that these are small scale maps, mostly military in nature. Nuri Arla- sez told me that he donated his Ottoman map of Istan- bul waterways to the palace archives.

During the academic year 1989-90, with the support

of sabbatical leave from Indiana University of Penn- sylvania and a grant from the Fulbright Foundation as an Islamic Civilization Researcher, I studied in Istan- bul. One of my projects (an overly ambitious one) was to assemble a location catalogue for maps produced in Istanbul before 1803-04, when Raif Mahmut's Cedit atlas terciimesi (New Atlas Translation) appeared. This was posthumously printed in Uskiidar at the Imperial Printing House (Tabhane-i Hiimayun) and comprised 22 folios of maps (many of which may have been derived from William Faden's General Atlas of 1790). In the following year, a companion text appeared entitled Icalet al-cografya (a manual of geography). Thereafter the printing of maps in the capital of the Ottoman Empire became more frequent and the influx of maps from European Christendom into Istanbul more reg- ular. Much of my time was spent in the beautiful read- ing room of the Topkapi Palace Library, where the seventeenth-century Iznik tiles are enlivened with what the library attendants call 'dansink vavlar' (danc- ing v's) in blue and white. With the full cooperation of the library director Dr. Filiz Cagman and her assistant Dr. Banu Mahir, the three attendants (Ahmet Bey, Osman Bey, and Mustafa Bey) brought forth from the climate controlled recesses large numbers of maps and books with maps. I know that I did not see all that exist in the collection and I have to leave to others the excite- ment of finding yet more maps. In the hope that the following information will speed their quest, and that they will know more than I about the history of cartography, I present the list below.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

At present, the most comprehensive and up-to-date bibliographies on Ottoman historical cartography are those of the History of Cartography (Volume 2 book 1)8 and of W. Leitner, 'Die Tiirkische Kartographie des XVI. JHS. - aus Europaischer Sicht', The Second Inter- national Historical Congress of Turkish-Islamic Science and Technology (Istanbul 1987), 285-299, especially 293-298.

The best way to keep up with the field is through the Tiirkologischer Anzeiger (Turkology Annual), section DKHA 'Historische Geographie und Kartographie.' This is an issue of the Wiener Zeitschriftfur die Kunde des Morgenlandes.

On both Islamic geography and cartography in general, and on Ottoman in particular, see the articles in the History of Cartography and in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edition, 'Djughrafiya' (II, 575-590) and 'Kharita' (III, 1077-1083). These reference works also contain some information on individual map-makers. For classical Islamic geography and cartography there will be the long awaited volume by Fuat Sezgin in his monumental Geschichte des arabischen Schriftums (Leiden).

To keep up on articles and, more recently, mono- graphs, see Index Islamicus (London, 1955 - ).

The published catalogues and articles on the map collection of Topkapi Palace Library are:

1. Abdurrahman Aygiin, 'Topkapu sarayl miizesin- deki cografi ve hartalar [sic]', Haritaczlar mecmuasz 3 (1932), 108-117. This is a very rare journal and

issue. I have left a copy of the article and other articles in the library of Topkaplsarayl, which now has all these eleven publications.

2. F. Kurtoglu, Turk siiel alanznda harita ve kroniklere ver- ilen deger ve Ali Macar Reis Atlasz (Istanbul 1935).

3. Ibrahim Hakkl [Konyali]. Topkapzsarayznda deri iize- rineyapilmzs eski haritalar. Istanbul 1936.

4. Adolf Deissmann, Forschungen und Funde im Serai. Mit einem Verzeichnis der nicht-islamischen Handschriften im Topkapi Serai in Istanbul, Berlin und Leipzig, 1933.

5. Tahsin Oz, 'Turkish Maps in the Topkapu Saray Museum', Imago Mundi, 6 (1949), 92.

6. Leo Bagrow, 'A Tale from the Bosphorus', Imago Mundi, 12 (1955), 25-29.

7. Fehmi Edhem Karatay, Topkapi Sarayi Miizesi Kiitii- phanesi Tiirkfe Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1961).

8. Fehmi Edhem Karatay, Topkapz Sarayz Miizesi Kiitii- phanesi Arabca Yazmalar Katalogu (Istanbul, 1962-69).

9. Fehmi Edhem Karatay, Topkapz Sarayz Miizesi Kiitii- phanesi Farsca Yazmala Katalogu (Istanbul, 1961).

10. E.H. van de Waal, 'Manuscript Maps in the Top- kapi Saray Library, Istanbul', Imago Mundi 23 (1969), 81-95. The article is largely a translation of the section on portolan charts and maps in #7 above but skips other maps in that volume and in #8 and #9. Where the author includes additional comments, I have put an asterisk next to the ten (10*).

121

Fig. 1. A 2797a/2, pp. 306-7 (top) and 342-343 (bottom). Two maps from an encyclopedic work in 17 volumes by Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umari (d. 1349), Kitab al-Masalik al-absdr wa-mamalik al amsdr, showing the First Clime and the Third Clime respectively. Particularly interesting are the grid lines on the map of the Third Clime and on the world map in the same manuscript (Fig. 3). The work was copied perhaps about 1340. Courtesy of the Topkapi Palace

Museum Library.

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11. Dogn Ucar, 'fber eine Portolankarte im Topkapi- A 2830 (8, 6524) Abu Zayd Ahmad ibn Sahl al Balkhi Museum zu Istanbul', Kartographische Nachrichten 37 (d. 934). Ashkdl veya iuwar al-aqdltm as-sab'a. A (1987), 222- 228. This lists fourteen original maps copy in Arabic prepared for Sultan Mehmet II and analyzes the oldest of the Islamic portolan between 1460-1470. See Gerald R. Tibbets, 'The charts in the collection: see below: H. 1823. Balkhi School of Geographers', in History of Car-

tography II/1, 108-36. The following list includes the maps mentioned in f. 4a. World ma1

these publications. I have used the same ordinal 9 additional map numbers as above to identify the publication; for ( c 334

add 3349)

example (7, 1823; 10) means that there is information 3012 (8, 6523) Ibn Hawqal (late 10th c.). ifat al- on that item in Fehmi Erdem Karatay, Topkap Saray a m. See History ofCartography II/, 130-131 Mizesi Kutuphanesi Tirkfe Yazmalar Katalogu, entry f. 2b-3a World map. number 1823; see also the article by E.H. van de Waal 1 additional maps 'Manuscript Maps in the Topkapi Saray Library, 33 & A 3347; another Istanbul'. Of the eleven publications, the only one copy i s bl is i e Archeology Museums easily available to most readers of Imago Mundi is van Lib Oriental Division MS No. 527.) der Waal's article. Unfortunately, I know of no issues A 3020 (8, 6552) Ibn al-Wardi (d. 1349). Khadat al- of Imago Mundi in libraries in Turkey, either public or ajai,b. university libraries or those of the foreign research f. 4b-5a World map institutes. . . . _ , ?(Other copies below: A 3021; A 3022; A 3025; B

While the most important cataloguing effort by Kar- 179) atay (No. 8 above) organizes the materials in his multi- A 3021(8, 6553) Ibn al-Ward. Kharidat al-'aj'ib. volume catalogue of the Topkapi Palace Library by f. 3b-4a World map language, topic, and chronology, I have used the A 3022 (8, 6554) Ibn al-Wardi Kharidat al-'aja'ib. simpler expedient of organizing alphabetically by f. 3b-4a World map pressmark, that is, by the name of one of the nine col- 3025 (8. 6557) Ibn al-Wardi. Khardat al-'aja'ib lections in the library and by the number in that col- f. 2b-3a World map lection; for example, Hazine 1823 (H 1823). This is A 3095 (1 7 1425 10*) Ebubekir bn Behram al- how a researcher would request an item in the library Dmlki Tercime-i Atlas Mayor. See below B itself. While numbering has changed since the creation 325-333 of the museum, most of the collections assembled in the 8 maps. library are established permanently as a legal foun- 3346 (8, 6527) Ibn awqal. rat al-ard. dation (vakif) and cannot be added to or taken from. f 3b-4 World map The major exception, in the context of map history, 20 additional maps concerns the Treasury (Hazine) Collection, the oldest See Histo of Cartography II/ , 9 & 123, 134-35.

~Of~ a~l~~l ~~ ?~. A,.... A 3347 (8, 6528) Ibn Hawqal. $uirat al-ard. I saw none of the maps that were on exhibition f. 5b-6a ord map . ..-. 1.- 1 -i<if. 5b-6a World map abroad in Paris or elsewhere, those assessed as 'harap' 17 additional maps , , , , . /, r17 additional maps or ruined, or those I was at the time unaware of. See Histoy of Cartograhy /, 134-35.

CATALOGUE OF MAPS A 3348 (8, 6525) Abu Zayd Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Balkhl. Collection9 Pressmark $uwar al-aqlim al-sab'a. date: Zilkade 684/1285. Ahmet III (Sultan, r. 1703-30) A f. 2b-3a World map Bagdat Ko6kii (Baghdad Pavilion) B 20 additional maps Emanet hazinesi EH See History of Cartography II/1, 132-33. The world Gayri Islam (non-Islamic) GI map is reproduced in Youssouf Kamal, Monu- Hazine (Treasury) H menta Cartographica Africae et Aegypti, (Cairo, 1926- Mehmet Re?at, (Sultan, r. 1909-18) MR 1951), vol. 3, 178. Revan Kokii (Revan Pavillion) R A 3349 (8, 6526) Abu Zayd Ahmad b. Sahl al-Balkhl. Yeni Basma (newly printed) YB fuwar al-aqdlim al-sab'a. Yeni Yazma (newly acquired) YY f. 3a sketchy world map

20 additional maps A2797a/2 (8, 6594) Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umar See History ofCartography II/1, 132-33. The world

(d. 1349). (Kitdb al-Masalik al-absdr wa-mamalik al map is reproduced in Youssouf Kamal, op. cit. amstr. Copied ca. 1340, 17 vols. (See Fuat Sezgin, vol. 3, 178. Contribution of the Arabic-Islamic Geographers to the A 3599 (7, 732) Lokman. Silsile-name. (Zibdeti't-tevdrih) Formation of the World Map, Frankfurt-am-Main, About three meters from the beginning of this scroll 1987, where he claims for this medieval map great (tomar), which is 31.16 m. in length, is a world significance in the growth of the modern world map. (See History of Cartography II/, 220.) It is map; this claim is discussed by Gerald R. Tib- quite a different world map from that appearing betts, 'Later Cartographic Developments', in in the manuscript book in the Chester Beatty History of Cartography II/1, 150-153.) Library, which is reproduced in T. Goodrich, The

World map: 293-294 or ff. 145b- 146a Ottoman Turks and the New World (Wiesbaden: Har- First Clime map: 306-307 or ff. 152b-153a rossowitz, 1990), 42. Second Clime map: 320-321 or ff. 159b-160a A 3622 (1; 7,1452; 10*.) Map on silk, showing the Cas- Third Clime map: 342-343 or ff. 169b-170a pian Sea. Ruined.

123

Fig. 2. A 2797a/2, pp. 293-294. A world map oriented to the north in an encyclopedic work in 17 volumes by Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umari (d. 1349), Kitab al-Masalik al-absdr wa-mamalik al amsdr. Copied perhaps about 1340. The ques- tions of the dating of the lines or graticule on this recently uncovered map and their influence in European cartogra-

phy have become a subject of debate. Courtesy of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

Fig. 3. H 444 The double hemisphere, oriented to the south is one of a number of copies of a map by N. Sanson dated 1689 that was printed in his Atlas nouveau contenant toutes lespartes du monde. This manuscript copy is in Kayserili' Baron. Kitab-i Cem-numafifenn-el-cografya, which was written in 1145/1732-33, or the same time a printed version appears in Katib Qelebi, Cibannuma. The actual atlas by Sanson with the map is in the library of the Military

Museum (Askeri Miize) in Istanbul. Courtesy of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

124

A 3623 (1; 7, 1453; 10; 11.) Map on canvas, showing the Black Sea & Danubian Europe. H. 1220/1805-6. 48x27.5 cm.

A 3624 (7, 1454; 10*; 11.) Map on canvas, showing Istanbul and the Bosphorus. 47 x 26.5 cm. Possibly by Konstantin Kaminar in 1812.

A 3625 (1; 7, 1455; 6; 10*; 11.) Map on silk, showing Russia, Poland, Bogdan, Wallachia, and part of Hungary. By Enderunlu Mustafa. H. 1182/ 1768-69. 72.5x68.5 cm. See History of Cartography II/1, 217.

A 3626 (1; 7, 1456; 10; 11.) Map on silk, showing East- ern Anatolia, Western Iran, and the Caucasus. 114x 123 cm. 1182/1768-69.

A 3627 Map of Anatolia. Ruined. 92x65 cm. H 1267/1850-51.

A 3628 (1; 7, 1435; 10.) Map of the region of (obance?- mesi by Ali Bey. H 1263/1846-47. 92x62.5 cm.

A 3629 (7, 1457; 10.) Map on canvas, showing a hemisphere, probably South America. Ruined. 179x44 cm.

A 3630 (1; 7, 1458; 10*.) Map on canvas, showing the Eastern Hemisphere. Ruined. 193x 180 cm.

A 3631 Ruined. A 3709 Carte de la Partie Septentrionale de l'Empire

Ottoman. 1774. 150x78 cm. Made for the Comte de Ver- gennes with details of the 1736-39 war.

A 3710 A map of Egypt. 25 October 1799. By Fr. Kauffer, French engineer attached to the embassy of Choiseul-Gouffie to the Sublime Porte. The map was based on intercepted information and from deserters.

B 179 (7, 1340) Ibn el-Verdi. Terciime-i Haridet el-acaib ve feridet el-garaib. (A translation into Turkish of Ibn al- Wardi, Kharidat al-'ajd'ib.)

f. 26-3a World map See A 3020, 'Ibn al-Wardi, S.', Encyclopaedia of Islam, new edition, III, 966, and History of Car- tography II/1, 196 and 221.

B 325-333 (1; 5; 7, 1413; 6; 10*.) Ebubekir Ibn Behram al-Dlmliki, Nusret iil-isldm ve's-siirurfi terciime-i Atlas Mayor (The victory of Islam and the pleasure in writing the Atlas Maior)

9 volumes based upon Blaeu's Atlas Maior (1662).

242 maps. (See C. Koeman, 'Turkse transkripties van de 17' eeuwse Nederlandse atlassen', Kartengeschichte und Kartenbearbeitung, Bad Godesberg, 1968, 71-76.) 325 vol. 1. Double hemispheric world map

3 maps: Denmark, Europe, and the Mediterranean.

326 vol. 2. 29 maps of Scandanavia, Poland, and Russia south to Crimea. 327 vol. 3. 81 maps of German states. 328 vol. 4. 38 maps of the Low Countries. 329 vol. 5. 11 maps of France, Savoy, Helvetia, and Western Europe. 330 vol. 6. 2 maps of Asia and Africa. 331 vol. 7. 44 maps of Italy.

332 vol. 8. 16 maps of China and 1 ofJapan. 333 vol. 9. 18 maps of the Western Hemisphere. (The map of New England is the subject of G. Halasi-Kun's 'The Map of $ekl-i Yeni Felemenk maa Ingliz in Ebubekir's Terciime-i Atlas Mayor', Archivum Ottomanicum, 11 (1986[1988]), 51-70.) (Only 241 maps left to analyse in this atlas!)

B 334 Istakhri (d. 10th c). Masdlik wa al mamalik. 9th c./15th c. copy.

21 city shapes. See History of Cartography II/1, 130-31; Ottoman Nautical Charts, 39.

B 336 (7, 1428; 10*.) Katip Qelebi. Levami'en-nurfi zulmet Atlas minor (no maps; see below: R 1632.)

B 337 (1; 7, 1338; 10.) Harita-i ekalim (Maps of the cli- mes). 124 maps copied from the first version of the Kitab-i Bahriye of Piri Reis. Karatay reports 134 maps. See History of Cartography II/1, 291-292.

B 338 (1; 7, 1411; 10* fig. 4.) 198 maps from the second version of the Kitab-i Bahriye of Piri Reis. No text. In van de Waal's article, a map (shown in his figure 4) is incorrectly associated with this manuscript. It is actually in a work by Katib Qelebi. (See R 1632.)

B 339 (1; 7, 1412; 10*.) Atlas. ca. 1700. Strange copy of an unidentified atlas in eighteen folios. It is like a child's exercise in its errors and simplicity.

lb-2a World map 15 additional maps of the world See History of Cartography II/1, 225.

B 411 Ibn al-Balkhi. Not seen. 141b-142a World map

See History of Cartography II/1, 126-28. EH 1450 (7, 1451; 10*.) 'Dar ul-cihad (World ofJihad

[Strife]).' Map of the northern and eastern coast of the Black Sea and a few hundred miles inland. 144x 68 cm. Linen.

EH 1451 (1; 7, 1450; 10*.) Map on canvas, showing Poland. Enderunlu Ressam Mustafa. 1182/1768-69.

EH 1453 (1; 7,1449; 10.) Map of Poland. Ruined. EH 1454 (7, 1448; 10*.) Map of Hungary; Moscow's

invasion of the borders of Hungary, Bugdan, Walachia, and Poland. Missing. 1182/1768-69. 62x68 cm.

EH 1455 (1; 7, 1455; 10* fig. 6.) Map of Europe. Ruined. 20.5x21.5 cm.

GI 27 (3; 4; 6.) C. Ptolemy, Geographia, (Latin) 14th-15th c. (Not seen.) History of Cartography I, 192.

GI 47 (3; 4; 6.) Portolan-chart atlas on parchment. Late 15th century. World map and 11 sectional maps. Bad condition. See M. Destombes, 'A Venetian Nautical Atlas of the Late 15th Cen- tury', Imago Mundi 12 (1955), 30; with reproductions of maps of the World and of the Mediterranean.

GI 57 (4; 6.) C. Ptolemy, Geographia (Greek). 13th century. (not seen). History of Cartography, I, 192.

GI 1827 (3; 6.) Venetian World Map fragment. c. 1450. (Not seen.) 50x85 cm.

125

See M. Destombes, 'Fragments of Two Medieval World Maps at the Topkapu Saray Library', Imago Mundi 12 (1955), 150-152; M. Destombes, Mappemondes, A.D. 1200-1500 (Amsterdam, 1964), 228-229.

GI 1828 (3; 6.) Catalan World Map fragment. c. 1380. (Not seen.) c. 50X 123 cm. See M. Destombes, 'Fragments of Two Medieval World Maps at the Topkapu Saray Library', Imago Mundi 12 (t955), 150-152; M. Destombes, Mappemondes, A.D. 1200-1500 (Amsterdam, 1964), 203-205; and History of Cartography, I, 366.

H 431 Reis iil-Kiittab RaifMahmut Efendi. Atlas terciimesi. Uskiidar: Tabhane-i hiimayun, 1218/1803-04.

24 maps. (Other copies: H434; H 435; H 436; H 437; H 443; H 2734; and MR 723.)

H 442 Atlas. 18th century. Printed. 25 maps, including 1 manuscript map. Presently kept in the Archives. Not seen.

H 443 Raif Mahmut Efendi. Cedit Atlas terciimesi. Printed. With the text. 24 maps. (See H 431.)

H 444 (7, 1388) Kayserili Baron. Kitab-i Cem-numafi fenn-el-cografya. 1145/1732-33.

f. 28b-29a double hemisphere, This appears to be the same as that used by Ibra- him Miiteferrika, which is a copy of the mappa mundi by N. Sanson, Atlas nouveau contenant toutes les partes du monde (1689); a copy of the atlas by Sanson with the map is in the library of the Mili- tary Museum (Askeri Miize) in Istanbul.

f. 30b-31 a Mediterranean and Black seas H 447 (1; 7, 1430; 10; 11.) Memalik-i 'Osmaniye haritasz

(A map of the Ottoman Domains). A wall map on silk, showing the Ottoman Empire in Asia and of Iran. 1139/1726-27. 210x 150 cm. This wall map has some torn spots. Some nine different water colors were added to the ink outlines, which indi- cate water, mountains, towns, and political divisions, both in the Ottoman Empire and in Iran. In addition, major routes are indicated in the Ottoman Empire with each stopping place named. This seems to be the first modern political and economic Ottoman map. There is a uncol- ored copy of this map in the library of the Istanbul Archeological Museums. F. Taeschner reports a copy or a similar map in the Military Archives (Kriegsarchiv) in Vienna. (See F. Taeschner, 'Das Hauptwerk der geographischen Literatur der Osmaner, Katib Celebi's Cihannuma', Imago Mundi, 1 [1935], 44-46). With the exception of the routes, the map is based upon the map of Iran near the end of J. B. Homann, Neuor Atlas (H 2740). See also H 1817 and History of Cartogra- phy II/1, 225.

H 448 (7,1429; 10; 11.) Es-Sayyid 'Abdiilaziz ibn 'Abdiilgani el-Erzincani. Map on canvas, showing Europe, Asia and North Africa. H 1228/1813. 280x450 cm. Not seen. See History of Cartography II/1, 225.

H642 (1; 7, 1336; 10*.) Piri Reis. Kitab-i Bahriye. Second version. Copied late sixteenth century.

221 maps of the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara seas.

126

There is a color reproduction of the map of Qanakkale in Esin Atll. The Age of Sultan Sileyman the Magnificent (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987), 80, and a black and white in J.M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Suleyman the Mag- nificent (Secaucus, NJ., 1988), 103. Appear- ing under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish republic is a four-volume work with a color facsimile of a manuscript in the Siileymaniye Library with transliteration, and translations into modern Turkish and into English. See History of Cartography II/, 252-53 and S. Soucek, 'Islamic Charting in the Mediterranean', in ibid., 263-292, especially 272-79; see also his 'A propos du livre d'instructions nautiques de Piri Re'is', Revue des ttudes Islamiques 41(1973), 241-255.

H 644 (1; 2; 3; 5; 7,644; 6; 10* fig. 2 & 3; 11.) AliMacar Reis Atlasz (The atlas of Captain Ali, the Hungarian).

29 x 42cm. Parchment segmental atlas with a world map and six portolan charts. 975/1567.

The world map is very similar to the small one in T. Porcacchio, L'isole del mondo (Venice 1572), which according to R. Shirley is 'a finely executed reduction ofCamocio's large world map of 1567, a derivative of Gastaldi's prototype of 1546.' The Gastaldi map in eight parts is now in the British Library. (See R. Shirley, Mapping of the World, Early Printed World Maps, 1472-1700. Holland Press Cartographica,IX [London, 1983], 124-125.) For comments on the Atlas, see S. Soucek, 'The 'Ali Macar Reis Atlas' and the Deniz Kitabi: Their Place in the Genre of Portolan Charts and Atlases', Imago Mundi 25 (1971), 17-27; this is the best article on an Ottoman map or atlas since the works of P. Kahle and Fr. Taeschner. See also the study of D. Ucar, who is preparing a careful digi- tized analysis of the maps. The other two known portolan-chart atlases of the period are described by Th. Goodrich in Archivum Ottomanicum 10, 83- 101 & 11, 25-50; S. Soucek, 'Islamic Charting in the Mediterranean', in History of Cartography II/1, 279-84. A full color facsimile and study is in Otto- man Nautical Charts, 114-152.

H 1339 (2; 7, 692) Ahmet Feridun Bey, Niizhet esrar al- ahbar der sefer-i Sigetvar (976/1569). (Not seen.)

3 views of Sigetvar by Osman Nakkas. One is reproduced in color in E. Atil, The Age of Siileyman the Magnificent, (1987), 92-93, G. Feher, Turkish Miniatures from the Period of Hungary's Turk- ish Occupation (1978), translation by Lili Hapay, Plate XL; Ottoman Nautical Charts, 82-83; and in black and white in J. M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Sileyman the Magnificent (1988), 110, and in History of Cartography II/1, 248. For a European view of the same scene, see the reproduction of a map in the Bibl. Nationale, Paris, in C. Koeman, 'Krijs- geschiedkundige kaarten', Armamentaria 8(1973), 27-41, later copied in his Miscellanea Cartographica (1988).

H 1523 (7, 688) Lokman, Hinername, map probably by Osman Nakkas (G. Feh6r claims the artist was

Fig. 4. A 3625 Map on silk, showing territories near the northwest corner of the Black Sea: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Bogdan, Wallachia, and part of Hungary. By Enderunlu Mustafa. H. 1182/1768-69. Such maps on silk that appeared at the end of the eighteenth century were useful to field commanders and were probably copies from one of the atlases

and maps more and more frequently available in Istanbul. Courtesy of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

Fig. 5. H 1829. A detail of a military parchment map ofRepublic ofVenice, perhaps draw for Mehmet II, who died in 1480. The buildings in the lower right corner represent Venice. Courtesy of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

127

Co 00

Fig. 6. H 1822 A detail from [..]ajj Abu al-[. .]asan's portolan chart of Europe, Afrika and Ottoman Empire, mid sixteenth century, that indicates the southern coast of Africa, filled with unstudied placenames. The northern part of the map shows the Baltic area, also filled with unstudied placenames. The orientation is north. Courtesy of the

Topkapi Palace Museum Library.

Veli Can.), according toJ.M. Rogers, it is after a Venetian original.

1 map of Istanbul. Reproduced in H. Inalcik, 'Istanbul', Encyclopae- dia of Islam (new edition), IV, plate V; N. Ana- farta, Hiinername: miniatirleri ve sanatfilar (1969), plate 37; G. Feh6r, Turkish Miniatures from the Period of Hungary's Turkish Occupation (1978), translation by Lili Hapay, plate III; E. Akurgal, The Art and Architecture of Turkey (1980), plate 169; and in History of Cartography II/1, 251.

H 1567 Hadis-i nev (Tarih-i Hind-i garbi). Printed 1730. Two mappae mundi: double hemisphere and oval.

The information on the maps derives from N. Sanson, Atlas Nouveau, Paris, 1689. See T. Good- rich, The Ottoman Empire and the New World, 52-55. For another copy, see R 1494. For a manuscript copy of the book, see R 1488.

H 1592 'Arifi. Fiituhat-i cemile (Book of five conquests). Seven illustrations of the campaigns into Hun- gary in 958/1551-52. (Not seen.) See reproductions in Geza Feh6r, Turkish Miniatures from the Period of Hungary's Occupation, translated by L. Halapy and E. West (1978) and History of Car- tography II/1, 246-247.

H 1608 (7, 667) Matrakci Nasuh [erroneously identi- fied as Sinan Cavus.] Sileymanname & Tarih-ifeth-i $iklos ve Estergon ve Istunibelgrad (The History of the Conquest of Sikl6s, Eszturgom [Gran] and Sze- kesfehervar [Stuhlweissenburg]). Written and perhaps illustrated in 950/1543 by Matrakc1 Nasuh (d. 971/1564). (Not seen.) A color facsimile was published in 1987 by the Turk Kiiltiir Bakanllgl with a partial translation into English. At the end are 3 maps of islands and maps of Nice and Toulon. (See H. G. Yurdaydln, Nasuhii's-Sildi (Matrdkfi). Beydn--s i Mendzil-i Sefer-i 'Irdkeyn [Matralci Na?uil and His The Decription of the Stages of Sultdn Siileymdn Hdn's Campaign in the Two 'Irdks (940-942/1533-1536)], Ankara, 1976; in Turkish, 12-16, in English, 131-134; see also,J.M. Rogers, 'Itineraries and Town Views in Ottoman Histories', in History of Cartography II/1, 228-55, especially 235-47, plates 19 & 20.) Reproductions also appear in The Topkapz Museum, the Albums and IllustratedManuscripts (1986), ill. 147, 148 & 149, in E. Atll, The Age of Sileyman the Magnificent (1987), 87, in Geza Feher, Turkish Miniaturesfrom the Period of Hungary's Occupation, translated by L. Halapy and E. West (1978), in J.M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Siileyman the Magnificent (1988), 107, and in Ottoman Nautical Charts, 84.

H 1815 (7, 1446; 10.) A large and long scroll (tomar): an engineer's mapping of the water system west of Istanbul, going through the Edirne Gate to various fountains and baths in the city. 1170/1756-57. See History of Cartography II/1, 218, and for a list of waterway maps, 227. See also Kazim Qecen, I stanbul'da Osmanli devrinde su tesisleri (water course system in Istanbul in the Ottoman period), Istan- bul, 1984.

H 1816 (7, 1445; 10*.) A scroll (tomar) of an engineer's map of the water courses from Klrkcesme and Halkal to Topkapl Saray.

1016/1607. See History of Cartography II/, 219, and plate 16, and H 1815.

H 1817 (1; 2; 5; 6) Ibrahim Miiteferrika. Map of the Black Sea. Printed 1137/1724. Printed in four sections and mounted on canvas and a roller. It is damaged in places, indicating use. Even though this map was printed, it is a very rare map. I do not know of another copy in Turkey. There is a copy at Harvard University, one in Denmark, and one in the Lund University Library in Sweden. (See Ulla Ehrensvard, 'Two Maps Printed by Ibrahim Miiteferrika in 1724/25 and 1929/30', Svenska Forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul Meddelanden 15/ 1990 [1990], 46-66, with reproductions of the maps of the Black Sea and of Iran; there is also a fine bibliography on Ottoman cartography.) Other copies may yet come to light. The three other individual maps from the press of Ibrahim Miiteferrika prior to his first book of 1726 are not available in Istanbul: maps of the Marmara Sea, Iran, and Egypt. A reproduction of the map of the Marmara appeared in Abdiirrahman [Aygiin], 'Tiirkiye'de Ilk Asn Matbaa', Haritaclar Mec- muasi 4 (1934), 83-88. Reproductions of maps of the Marmara, Iran and the Black Sea appear in S.N. Gercek, Turk matbaaczlgiz (Istanbul, 1939). I have seen a photocopy of the map of Iran in Denmark. The map itself is based on the map of Iran that appeared in J. B. Homann, Neuor Atlas. (See H 447 and H 2740.) I would appreciate learning the whereabouts of any other copies of maps printed by Ibrahim Miiteferrika.

H 1818 (7,1444; 10.) Baghdad. Oil painting of the city. 216mm. x 240mm. Perhaps late 19th century.

H 1819 (7, 1431) Bosna-Iskodra map. 4 sections pasted on cloth. 1286/1869-70, 78X90 cm.

H 1820 Printed map of Rumeli in four parts. H 1270/ 1853-54. 30.5x40.5 cm.

H 1821 (7, 1432; 10; 11.) Map of the Turkish Straits. Cloth.

Scale 1:75,000. H 1298/1881. H 1822 (1; 3; 7, 1431; 10* fig. 5; 11.) Hajj Abu al-H

asan. Parchment portolan chart of Europe, Afrika and Ottoman Empire. Probably after 1520. 74x 100 cm. See H. Winter. 'Catalan portolan maps and their place in the total view of cartographic develop- ment', Imago Mundi 11 (1954), 1-12, especially 4-5; History of Cartography II/, 267; Ottoman Nautical Charts, 124-125.

H 1823 (1;3; 7,1407; 10*; 11;W.) Ibrahimibn Ahmad al-Katibi (or: Tunuslu I brahim). Parchment portolan chart of Europe and Afrika. H 816/1413-14. 38 x 54 cm. See D. Ucar, Uber eine Portolankarte im Top- kapi-Museum zu Istanbul', op. cit., 225-228; History of Cartography 1,453 and II/1, 264-65. A color reproduction is in Fuat Sezgin, The Contri- bution ofArabic-Islamic Geographers to the Formation of the World Map (Frankfurt, 1987), pl. 18; also in Ottoman Nautical Charts, 122-123.

H 1824 (5; 6; 7, 1409; 10* fig. 1; 11.) Piri Reis. Parch- ment map, incomplete, of eastern coast of North America. 635/1528. 69 x 68 cm.

129

See S. Selen, 'Piri Reis'in Simali Amerika Hari- tasi', Belleten 2 (1935), 515-518; German translation, 519-523. The article has a color reproduction. Other color reproductions appear in History of Cartography II/1, plate 21, Ottoman Nautical Charts, p. 62; and in A. Afetinan, Life and Works ofPin Reis (Ankara, 1975), next to last page, see also plates 35-36; for black and white reproductions, see van de Waal, op. cit., fig. 1; C. Hap- good, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, 53, and T. Goodrich, Ottoman Turks and the New World, 10.

H 1825 Pedro (?) Reinel. Parchment South Polar map. 70x67.5 cm. ca. 1522. See Marcel Destombes, 'The Chart of Magellan', Imago Mundi 12 (1955), 65-88; A. Teixeira da Mota & A. Cortesao, Portugaliae Monumenta Carto- graphica (Lisbon, 1960), I, 39-41, plate 13.

H 1826 (3)Johanes de Viladestes. Parchment portolan chart. 1428. See H. Winter. 'Catalan portolan maps and their place in the total view of cartographic develop- ment', Imago Mundi 11 (1954), 1-12; Youssouf Kamal, Monumenta cartographica Africae et Aegypti (Cairo, 1926-51) vol. 4, 1457; History of Cartogra- phy, I, 456.

H 1827. (3) Fragment of a Venetian world map of the Caspian Sea to Cyprus. 50x85 cm. Ruined. See M. Destombes, 'Frag- ments of two Medieval world maps at the Top- kapu Saray Library', Imago Mundi 12 (1955), 150-152; M. Destombes, Mappemondes, AD 1200- 1500 (1964), 228-229 & plate 36.

H 1828 (3) Fragment of a circular Catalan world map on parchment, c. 1380. Text is in Catalan and Latin. 50x 123 cm. Ruined. See M. Destombes, 'Fragments of two Medieval world maps at the Topkapu Saray Library', Imago Mundi 12 (1955), 150-152, M. Destombes, Mappe- mondes, AD 1200-1500 (1964), 203-204 and plate 27.

H 1829. (3; 4; 6.) Military parchment map of Republic of Venice: late 15th century. The largest dimensions are 70.2x48.4 cm. The placenames are mostly in Italian but there is some writing in Cyrillic. A plan of Venice fills the lower right corner. The map was originally attached to the following map, H 1830. See R. Gallo, 'A fifteenth century military map of the Venetian territory of Terraferma', Imago Mundi XII (1970), 55-57; P.D.A. Harvey, 'Local and Regional Cartography in Medieval Europe', in History of Cartography, I, 478ff; II/1, 210.

H 1830 (3; 4; 6.) Italian parchment map of northern Italy. The four sides have been cut, the bottom irregu- larly and after the map was drawn. The largest dimensions are 67.5x39.2 cm. There has been some water damage in the left center, and a piece has been torn out from the bottom center. Most of the place names are in Italian but there is some writing in Cyrillic. See H 1829.

H 1832 Map of Danubian Europe, Macedonia & Italy Watermark: C H Honig H 1833 Map of the British Isles

130

46.5?N - 56?N; 358?E - 24?E (before Greenwich) H 1218/1803-04. 75.5x54 cm. Watermark: G & I Honig

H 1834 Map of Eastern Mediterranean and Greater Syria 25.5?N - 35?N; 47?E - 62?E Watermark: G & I Honig

H 1835 Map of the Baltic Sea, Poland and Denmark Watermark: G & I Honig

H 1836 Map of part of the Mediterranean Appears to be printed. Author unknown. 75x55 cm.

large watermark. H 1837 Northwestern Africa coast: Tunis to the Atlan-

tic 37?N - 27?N; 10?E - 28?E 55 x 75.6 cm. In the lower right corner is a detail map of the Bosphorus (43x14.2 cm.), which makes an odd combination of maps. Large watermark: I Honig

H 1838 Map West and North of the Caspian Sea Watermark: Honig

H 1839 Map of Italy and Greece Political lines are shown, though it is a maritime map. Perhaps early 18th century 76.5x55 cm. Watermark includes D & C Blauw

H 1840 Printed map of the Philippines and the East Indies Dutch (?) map in French 15?S- 30?N; 100?E- 155+ 63x51 cm.

H 1841 Map from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Corsica 75.5x55 cm. Watermark probably the same as that in H 1836.

H 1842 (1) Map of the north Black Sea and South Ukraine The Ottoman Boundary is pre-1774. Upper right corner a detail map: Kamanice. 58 cm. on left side (57 cm. on right) x 134.5 cm. Watermark: Blauw

H 1843 Printed (?) map of Africa Watermark: J Whatman. 1794

H 1844 F.L. Giissefeld. Charte des siidlichen Theil des Ober Schlischen Kreisses. Weimar 1804 Paper on cloth. Some placenames transliterated.

H 1845 (7, 1433; 10; 11.) Konstantin Kaminer (Alba- nian interpreter). Bosphorus. Paper. 52x71 cm.

H 1228/1813 Watermark: large star & crescent H 1846 (7, 1443) Konstantin Kaminer (Albanian

interpreter) Bursa, Mudanya region Paper, 52x70 cm. H 1228/ 1813 Same large watermark as the previous map.

H 1847 (2; 7, 1442; 10.) Miihendis Kufer (Engineer Kauffer, see A 3710). Military map of Abahor (Abukir) in Egypt.

Paper, 40.5 x 54 cm. no watermark or chainlines

H 1848 (7, 1441; 10.) Map by an Englishman of Abu- kir, Egypt. Paper, 50x64 cm.

H 1849 (2; 7, 1440; 10.) Map of Abukir, Egypt. Paper, 45x54 cm.

H 1850 (7, 1439; 10.) Military map of the area around the mouths of the Bug & Dniepr rivers, showing Nikolayev and Kherson. Paper, 41 x 54.5 cm.

H 1851 (1; 2; 7, 1438; 10.) Map by Ahmet Rasim ofthe Fort of Algiers and environs during the attack by Spain in 1197/1783. Paper, 51 x 76 cm.

H 1852 Printed map of Ancient Greece T. Conr. Lotteri, Geog. August.

H 1853 Robert de Vaugondy. Partie Orientale de la Mer Mediterranee Printed in 1758. Some placenames have been transliterated.

H 1854 Io. Baptista Homanno. Denmark and the straits around it. Printed.

H 1855 Printed map of Corsica 1764

H 1856 Printed map of Sardinia 1734 Homanniorum Heredum

H 1857 Map of the Marmara and the Bosphorus 1779

H 1858 (7, 1437; 10.) Tinted map of the Bosphorus by Konstantin Kaminer in 1228/1813.

H 1859 Map of Europe (Not seen.) Quite a number of items came to my attention at the very end of my stay and were not seen. Most of them I believe are nineteenth-century maps and plans often printed.

H 1860 Perhaps a map of the Black Sea (Not seen.) Could it be another copy of the one printed by I brahim Miiteferrika (H 1817)? (See comment on H 1859.)

H 1861 (7, 1434; 10.) Map of the Strait of Gallipoli Cloth pasted on paper. 150x379 cm.

H 1247/1831-32 H 1862 Another copy of H 1820 (Not seen.)

(See comment on H 1859.) H 1863 Another copy of H 1819 (Not seen.)

(See comment on H 1859.) H 1864 (7, 1436; 10.) Paper pasted on white silk. Map

of the munition-dump in Baslbiiyik in Maltepe and environs (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.) 105x 112 cm.

H 1865 World map in eight parts. (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.)

H 1866 Two part or two volume French plan of the islands. (not seen. See comment on H 1859.)

H 1867 Nigbolu & Vidin (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.)

H 1871 Map of the Dardanelles by Ahmet Aga (Not seen. See comment on H 859.)

H 1872 Plan of Yergiigii Castle (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.)

H 1873 Map of Tershane (Military dockyards) (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.)

H 1874 Rhodes (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.) H 1875 Bucharest (Not seen. See comment on

H 1859.) H 1876 City defense plans (Not seen. See comment on

H 1859.) H 1877 Tershane (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.) H 1878 Fortifications ( Not seen. See comment on

H 1859.) H 1879 Qamlica (Not seen. See comment on H 1859.) H 1880 Roads and fields of Qamlica (Not seen. See

comment on H 1859.) H 1881 BagSe by Kauffer (Not seen. See comment on

H 1859.) H 1882 Toparbacsi (Not seen. See comment on

H 1859.) H 1883 idem. H 1884-1895 Sundry pictures and plans (Not seen. See

comment on H 1859.) H 2723 Joaunes Blaeu. Atlas maior, sive cosmographie

Blaviana 1662. Volume 1 of 11. With the exception ofvol. 10, the

other volumes of this atlas are in the library of the Military Museum (Askeri Miize). For its Turkish version see B 325. It was unfortunately rebound during the time ofAbdulhamid II (r. 1876-1909). 206 pages.

H 2724 J. Blaeu. Nouveau Theatre d'Italie. (Amsterdam 1704), vol. 1 of 3. Unfortunately rebound during the time of Abdulhamid II. Also see H 2751.

H 2734 Raif Mahmud Efendi. Cedit atlas tercimesi. 1218/1804-04. See H 431. H 2736-2737 Joseph Roux. Atlas Maritime. (Genes

1798) H 2740 J. B. Homann. Neuor Atlas. (1712)

On some maps are pasted pieces of paper with descriptions in Ottoman. There is a map of the siege of Corfu (26 August 1716) and four diagrams of the positions of the Venetian and Ottoman fleets. There are a dozen city pictures from Iran and also those of Kars, Erzerum, and Kandahar. The map of Iran near the end is the source for H 447, the copy in the library of the Istanbul Archeological Museums, and probably a similar map in the Miliary Archives in Vienna. (See H 444 & H 1817.)

H 2741 M. Bellin. Hydrographie Frahcaise. 1765. Ruined. H 2751 J. Blaeu. Nouveau Theatre d' Italie. (Amsterdam

1704) vol. 2 of 3. Unfortunately rebound during the time of Abdulhamid II. Lots of translation and transliteration ofplacenames and plate titles. Four of the plates were copied, and these manuscript maps are now in the library of the Istanbul Archeology Museums. (See 1625.)

MR 723 Raif Mahmud Efendi. Cedit atlas terciimesi. H 1218/1803-04. See H 431.

R 828 (7, 1387) Kayserili Baron. Kitab-i cem-numafifenn el-cografya. Copied H 1145 /1732-33.

2 maps: double hemisphere, similar to one by N. Sanson (1689), and Mediterranean & Black Sea.

R 1117 (7, 717) Mustafa b. Ahmed (Gelibolulu Mus- tafa Ali Efendi). Kiinh l-ahbar.

1 world map 1 partial world map

131

Other examples are in copies in Istanbul Univer- sity Library: TY 5958 & 5962.

R 1192 (7, 787) Katib Qelebi. Tuhfet el-kibarfi esfar el- bihar. Autograph, 1067/1655.

4 maps: double hemisphere of about 1650; Europe and Mediterranean (The map seems older than 1650.); Black Sea & Italy; harbor of Inebahti (Lepanto) with a battle of gal- leons. See Ottoman Nautical Charts, pp. 24-25.

R 1195 (7, 790) Katib Qelebi. Tuhfet el-kibarfi esfar el- bihar.

3 maps: double hemisphere; England through Black Sea; from about Ankara to about Marseilles.

R1272 (7, 624) Matrakci Nasuh, Tarih-i Sultan Bayazid.

See History of Cartography II/1, 253. Ten depictions of cities. The one of Lepanto (Inebahti) is reproduced in The Topkapi Saray Museum, the Albums and Illustrated Manuscripts (Boston, 1986) Ill. 146; in E. Atil, The Age of Siileyman the Magnificent (1987), 82-83, and inJ.M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Sileyman the Magnificent (1988), 105.

R 1488 (7, 1344) Tarih-i Hind-i garbi. c. 1600. 2 hemispheric maps, resembling the 1562 world map ofJ. Martinez.

(See T. Goodrich. The Ottoman Turks and the New World, 49-51; the place names are given on 418- 423. For much better reproductions in color, see Tarih-i Hind-i garbi [A History of the New World] (Ankara, 1987), which has a color facsimile of the manuscript, minus the marginal comments.)

R 1494 Hadis-i nev (Tarih-i Hind-i garbi). Printed in 1730. For other copies, see H 1567 and R 1488.

R 1622 (7, 1354) Katib Qelebi. Cihannuma. Printed by Ibrahim Miiteferrika in 1145/1732.

1 double hemisphere, a copy of one by N.Sanson (1689)

25 regional maps 1 map of the Bosporus and Istanbul

R 1623 (7, 1355) The same. R 1625 Katib Qelebi. Cihannuma. Printed in H. 1144/

1733. 27 maps.

R 1626 (7, 1357) Same as R 1622. R 1629 (7, 1369) The same. R 1632 (7, 1426; 10*.) Katib Qelebi. Levami' en-nurfi

zulmet Atlas Minor. 13 maps: 2 world maps and 11 others.

The first world map is in the style of Ortelius; the second is a copy of the Gastaldi world map that appeared in Ptolemy, Geographica (Rome 1548 and a number of succeeding printings) It is reproduced in de Waal, op. cit., fig. 4, (though with an incorrect catalogue number.) Two manuscript copies of the map of about 1600 appear in Tarih-i Hind-i garbi (Tarih-i Yeni Dunya [A History of the New World]): Avery Collection, The Newberry Library, Chicago (ca. 1600) and Istanbul Univer- sity (TY2584). See T. Goodrich. The Ottoman Turks and the New World, 43-44, figs. 10-11.

R 1633 (5; 6; 7, 1336; 10; B; W) Piri Reis. Kitab-i bahriye. Second version. 205 maps, including one of Istanbul. About 20 folios are missing. Karatay reports 223 maps; Bagrow reports 233 maps. See History of Cartography II/1, 291-292.

132

R 1633m (1; 5; 6; 7, 1408; 10*; B) Pirn Reis. Fragment of a world map. 919/ 1513. 87x63 cm. On display in the miniature salon. The map was found folded up inside the previous item and therefore has the same library number. Frequently reproduced. (See, for example, YusufAk~ura, Piri Re'is haritasi hakkinda izahname [Istanbul, 1935] with text, transliteration, and translations into German, English, Italian and French; Michel Mollat du Jourdin & Monique de La Ronciere, Sea Charts of the Early Explorers: 13th to 17th Century, trans. L. le R. Dethan [New York, 1984], pl. 28;J.M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Siileyman the Magnificent [1988], 102; Kenneth Nebenzahl, Atlas of Columbus and the Great Discoveries [New York, 1990], pl. 20; and History of Cartography II/I, 268.) Facsimiles are available from Topkapi Saray Museum, the Deniz Muzesi (Naval Museum), and book dealers in Istanbul. See History of Cartography II/, 268- 272. Charles Hapgood published a serious if con- troversial analysis of the map in The Ancient Sea Kings (1966 & 1979); see S. Soucek, History of Car- tography II/, 271-272. See also M. Yerci, 'The Accuracy of the First World Map Drawn by Piri Reis', Cartographic Journal 26 (1989), 154-155.

R 1634 (7, 1422; 10*.) Ebubekir al-Behram al- Dimiski, Kitab-i Atlas Mayor (See B 325-333.)

Vol. 1: 22 maps of Africa and Asia Vol. 2: 40 maps of Europe and Western Asia.

R 1635 (7, 1423; 10*.) ibid. 2 maps of Asia and Anatolia

R 1636 (7, 1436; 10.) ibid. 44 maps in 2 volumes.

R 1637 (7, 1427; 10*.) Katib Qelebi, Levami en-nurfizul- met Atlas minor. A translation of Hondius, Atlas minor.

13 maps R 1642 (7, 1343) Sipahizade Mehmet ibn Ali. Evzah al-

mesalik fi ma'rifet el buldan ve'l memalik. Copied in 1152 /1739-40 by Ibrahim Kinmi.

1 double hemisphere 14 simple, even primitive, maps.

R 1646 (9, p. 73) I?takhri, d. 340/951-52. Tarcuma-i masdlik wa al-mamdlik. See History of Cartography II/1, 130-31. Copied 1075/1664-65.

World map (rather simple) and 21 regional maps.

YB 3442 M. Le Clerc. Atlas du Commerce dedie au Roi (Paris 1786).

15 maps. YB 3851 Silk map of Istanbul Strait.

Armenian. 1791. 30x51 cm. YB 3852 Photocopy of a 1413 Spanish portolan chart

on parchment at the Bibliotheque Nationale. YB 3854 Reproduction of a 16th-century plan of Istan-

bul in Latin with pictures of the sultans from Osman I to Selim II. 61x 46 cm.

YB 3855 German 18th-century printed map of Istanbul.

YB 3856, 3858, 3859, & 3862: 19th-century printed maps.

YB3865 Map of the Mediterranean from Italy through Iberia.

Perhaps late 18th century. Maritime map with some detail maps. 124x92.5 cm.

YB3867, 3868, 3869, 3874, & 3876: 19th-century printed maps.

YY 1118 (1; 2.) Map of Malta. 1565. Parchment. 59.1x66.5 cm. at greatest extent. See History of Cartography II/1, 212-13; Ottoman Nautical Charts, p. 18.

17/348 Plan of Lepanto (c. 1550) (Not seen.) 74 x 54 cm. Color reproductions in E. Atll, The Age ofSiileyman

the Magnificent (1987), 98, and inJ.M. Rogers & R.M. Ward, Siileyman the Magnificent (1988), 113.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author thanks both the Fulbright Commission for supporting his research for a year in Istanbul by appointing him Islamic Civilization Researcher and Indiana University of Pennsylvania for the sabbatical leave and research funding for the article. Also to be thanked is the entire staff at the library of Topkapi Palace, whose helpfulness made my work enjoyable and fruitful.

REFERENCES

1. In late 1992 appeared Kemal Ozdemir, Ottoman Nautical Charts and the Atlas of Ali Macar Reis (Istanbul: Marmara Bank, 1992) (hereafter Ottoman Nautical Charts), with about fifty superb color reproductions of Ottoman and other Muslim maps, including one of this chart, 120-121. Spelling Muslim names is always a challenge. I have used accept-

ible spelling of Turkish and the spelling of Arabic and Persian used in The History of Cartography, volume 2, book 1, Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, edited byJ.B. Harley and David Wood- ward, associate editors Joseph E. Schwartzberg and Gerald R. Tib- bets, and assistant editor Ahmet Karamustafa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992). (Hereafter cited as History of Cartography.) This new book does more than put a base to our knowledge of Ottoman cartography; Ahmet T. Karamustafa, J.M. Rogers, and Svat Soucek in their chapters advance it considerably. 2. For a reproduction of the sketch see History of Cartography, fig. 11.1

on p. 211 3. See below, R1633m. 4. Very recently, however, a number of studies and collections of maps

of Istanbul have appeared by Cahit Kayra and by Kazim Qecen that are not immediately available to me. The ones by the latter are

particularly difficult to obtain, since the publisher, the municipal water authority of Istanbul, does not sell them.

5. For an useful guide to the manuscript libraries in Turkey and in Istanbul in particular, see, E. Birnbaum, 'Turkish manuscripts: cataloging since 1960 and manuscripts still not catalogued. Part 5: Turkey and Cyprus', Journal of the American Oriental Society, 104 (1984), 465-503; a complement to it is T. Goodrich, 'Strolling through Istanbul Libraries', Turkish Studies Association Bulletin, 9 (1985), 1-19.

6. A union catalogue of manuscripts in the libraries of Turkey (Tirkiye Yazmalari Toplu Katalogu or TUYATOK) is in preparation. Two or three volumes appear each year and each has to be scanned for any mention of a map. Once this ambitious project is completed, next century, one hopes a comprehensive index will appear and that it will include a subject heading for maps ('haritalar').

7. Some of these are cited or discussed in The History of Cartography (see note 2 above). Separate permits are needed for access to the archives, to the library, and to other divisions of the museum.

8. See reference 2 above. 9. F. Cagman, Z. Tanlndl, & J.M. Rogers give some information

about the various collections in The Topkapt Saray Museum: the Albums and Illustrated Manuscripts (Boston, 1986), 11-14.

Awards Available 3 The Washington Map Society has announced the establishment of the Walter W. Ristow Essay Prize in the History of Cartography and Map Librarianship. The first Ristow Prizes ($300, $200, $100) will be awarded in May 1994 for three outstanding graduate

level of upper-level undergraduate papers submitted by March 15, 1994, to Nancy Goddin Miller, Walter W. Ristow Essay prize, 406 St. Lawrence Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901, USA. The papers will be published in the Map Society's publication The Portolan.

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Documents

Goodrich, Old Maps in the Library of Topkapi Palace in Istanbul