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Google Android Operating System
Johnnie Spaight Johnnie Spaight 0543292James McHugh 0052833
History
l In 2005 Google purchased Android Inc.l November of 2007 - Google, under the Open Handset Alliance,
announce Android.l What is Android?l What is Android?l The first product to be released under the alliance is the mobile
device operating system, Android in 2008.l Google made available development tools and tutorials to aid
would-be developers onto the new system.l Help files, the platform software development kit (SDK) and
Android, as a system, is a Java-based operating system thatruns on the Linux 2.6 kernel. The system is very lightweightand full featured.
l Android Market for apps.
Android Market
l Android Market to provide application for mobile phonesrunning the Android Operating System was made availablefrom the 22nd of October 2008 to the user market.
l March 2009 2,000 applications, March 2010 40,000l March 2009 2,000 applications, March 2010 40,000applications.
l Fastest growing mobile phone apps marketl Offers both free apps and apps for sale
l Established in November 2007.l 65 members including mobile phone makers,
software developers, mobile carriers and chip software developers, mobile carriers and chip makers.
l Aims:– To develop an open source mobile phone operating
system.– To reduce the software bill of management.– Faster to market time for handsets.
Members of the OHA:
–Mobile operatorslChina MobilelKDDI CorporationlNTT DoCoMo
–Software companieslAscender Corporation leBaylEsmertec
lSprint NextellT-MobilelTelecom ItalialTelefónicalVodafonelSoftbanklChina Unicom
lGooglelLivingImagelMyriadlNMS CommunicationslNuance CommunicationslPacketVideolSkyPoplSONiVOXlSVOX
Members of the OHA:
–Semiconductor companieslAudiencelBroadcom CorporationlIntel Corporation
–Handset manufacturerslHTClLGlMotorola
lMarvell TechnologyGrouplNvidia CorporationlQualcommlSiRF TechnologylSynapticslTexas InstrumentslAKM SemiconductorlARMlAtherosCommunicationslEMPlMIPS Technologies
lSamsung ElectronicslASUSTeklGarminlHuawei TechnologieslSony EricssonlEricssonlToshibalAcer
Members of the OHA:
–Commercialization companieslAplixlNoser EngineeringlThe Astonishing TribelWind River SystemslBorqslOmron SoftwarelTelecalSasken Communication Technologies Limited
Android Versions History
l Version 1.0– Release date 23rd September 2008.– Based on Linux Kernel.– Based on Linux Kernel.– A basic version of the OS.– A Software development kit (SDK) was released at the same time.
– Limited number of phones available used thesystem, mainly used for the furtherdevelopment of the Operating System.
Android Versions History
l 1.5 (Cupcake)– Release date 30th April 2009 .– New Kernel based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27.– New Kernel based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27.– Major refinement of the Android operatingsystem.l All core UI were refined.l Call experience was improved.l Contacts,call log etc .l Faster usage of application like camera and GPS.l Application programming interface
– HTC Dream first phone to the market usingAndroid 1.5.
Android Versions History
l 1.6 (Donut)– Release date 15th September 2009.– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.
l The Kernel received an upgrade from 2.6.27.
– Minor refinement of the operating system.l Changes were made to the User Interface to improve display.
l The changes made to the API improved the development of the OS for diffenernt mobile phones.
– Motorola Devour & Sony Xperia X10 areexamples of phones operating with modified1.6 OS
Android Versions History
l 2.0 (Eclair)– Release date 26th October 2009 .– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.– Not many phones operate with 2.0, theMotorola Moto XT800
– Major refinement of the operating system.l New features include Bluetooth, Media Frameworkand mutliple accounts.
l The majority of the API received an upgrade of theirpackages.
Android Versions History
l 2.1 (Eclair)– Release date January 2010 .– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.– Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.– Minor refinement of the operating system.
l No signficant user feautres.l Update of the APIs for Webkit, Views, Telephony.
– The current Android OS.– Google Nexus One & the Motorola Milestone operate with the current OS.
Android Architecture
Linux Kernel
l Android uses Linux version 2.6 for system functions suchas:
l Securityl Memory managementl Memory managementl Process managementl Network stackl driver model.The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between thehardware and the rest of the software stack.
Security
l Android is a multi-process system
l Each application runs in its own process.l Each application runs in its own process.
l Most security between applications and the system isenforced at the process level through standard Linuxfacilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned toapplications.
Multi-Tasking
l When a user switches from one app to another, thebackground app is suspended.
l Still taking up memory but can't respond to anything orcontinue work or begin any new tasks.
l If the system runs low on memory, it begins saving thestate of suspended apps and terminating them.
l Terminated apps still appear to be running. When the userjumps to the app, it is relaunched and it loads up to looklike nothing ever happened
Android Architecture
l Surface Manager
l 2D and 3D graphics
l Media codecs: Android can play video and record and play backaudio in a variety of formats including AAC, AVC, MP3, andMPEG-4
l SQL database: Android includes the lightweight SQLite databaseengine, the same database used in Firefox and the Apple iPhone.
l Browser engine: For the fast display of HTML content, Androiduses the WebKit library.3 This is the same engine used in theGoogle Chrome browser, Apple’s Safari browser and the AppleiPhone
Android Architecture
l The Dalvik VM is Google’s implementation of Java, optimized formobile devices. All the code you write for Android will be writtenin Java and run within the VM.
l Interpreter-only virtual machinel Interpreter-only virtual machine
l The Dalvik VM runs .dex files, which are converted at compile timefrom standard .class and .jar files.
l Optimised for efficient storage and memory- mappable execution
l .dex files are more compact and efficient than class files, animportant consideration for the limited memory and battery-powered devices that Android targets.
MicroJobs Application
l Locate a temporary job in the area
l Employers looking for temporary workers enteravailable jobs, descriptions, hours, and wages
The MJAndroid Code l The Project Root Folder (MJAndroid):
l src folder
l Android Libraryl Android Library
l assets folder
l doc folder
l Res folder
l AndroidManifest.xml file
l The .classpath
The MJAndroid Code ctd
l The src folder:
l MicroJobs.java
l MicroJobsDatabase.java
l AddJob.java and EditJob.java
l MicroJobsDetail.java
l MicroJobsEmpDetail.java
l MicroJobsList.java
l R.java
The MJAndroid Code ctd
l The Resource Folder (res)
l The res folder contains three folders, and another pointerl The res folder contains three folders, and another pointerto the same Android Manifest.xml file that shows up in theroot directory:
l Drawable
l Layout
l Values
Summary
l Android is growing rapidly.
l 4th most popular smartphone sevice since Feb 2010l 4 most popular smartphone sevice since Feb 2010
l Feb 2010 - 60,000 mobile phones with Android Operatingsystem are being sold every day
l Thank you for your attention!!
l Any Questions???
References
l Books:
– DiMarzio, Jerome. Android A Programmer's Guide, 2008
– Burnette, Ed. Hello, Android, 2009– Burnette, Ed. Hello, Android, 2009
– Rogers, Rick, et al. Android Application Development, 2009
– Murphy,Mark L. The Busy Coder's Guide to AndroidDevelopment, 2008
l Webpages:
– http://www.android.com/
– http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/Portions of this presentation are reproduced from work created and shared by Google and
used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.
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