Gossen Mastersix Attach-1

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The at tachments for the MASTERSIXform part of a l ight-measuring system andare made to f i t other hand-held exposuremeters produced by GOSSEN. Operat inginstruct ions consequently already exist forthe at tachments, in which thei r use in con-junction with other exposure meters isdescr ibed.The present manual expla ins how tohandle the attachments in conjunction withthe MASTERSIX. General in forrnat ion inthe two sets of instruct ions wil l applyaccordingly to other exposure meters inthe GOSSEN range.All attachments for GOSSEN exposuremeters , inc lud ing the MESS-SONDE(measur ing probe) and MICRO, which arenot electr ical ly connected, can be usedwith the MASTERSIX. The MICRO at tach-ment is handled in the same way asthe PROFI-micro; the MESS-SONDE(MEASURING PROBE) is used l ike thePROFI-f lex. They need a correction factorof +3 to be entered, however, in theCORR mode.

50 Attachments


ContentsPart 2,,Attachments"TELE reduces the measuring Page 54

ang le to 15 " o r7 .5 " .

Page 82

Page 86

measurement in micrography.determines exposure data for Page 98darkroom print ing and enlarging.

PROFI-spot for selective measurements, Page 58spot metering, at 10o, 5o or 1".

PROFI-color for measuring colour Page 62temperature and indication ofcorrection filters.

REPRO provides exposure information Page74for copying.

PROFI-f lex part icularly suitable for Page77macrophotography, for g roundglass measurements of camerasand inaccessible areas.

PROFI-lux faci l i tatesprofessionalincident l ight readings.

PROFI- for measuring at the f i lmselect TTL plane of large-format view

cameras.PROFI-micro assures convenient and precise Page 94

LAB

Attachments 51

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Electr ical ly connected attachmentsAfter the protective cover has beenremoved f rom the sockets of theMASTERSIX, the attachment and metercan be plugged together. The dtffuser hasto be sl id to t fre r ight, or to the middle inthe case of the PROFI-color .With the PROFI-sPot , PROFI-color ,PROFI- f lex, PROFI- lux, PROFI-select TTLand PROFI-micro at tachments, which areelectr ical ly connected to the basic meter,the internal c i rcui t of the MASTERSIX isautomatical ly programmed with therequisite correction factors.

52 Attachments


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Mechanical ly connected attachmentsThe attachments TELE, REPRO and LABare mechanical ly connected to theMASTERSIX. The di f fuser is s l id to theright and a lug on the side of the attach-ment engages in a recess on theMASTERSIX. With the knob pressed, thetwo are joined together; when the knob isreleased, the MASTERSIX and the attach-ment are r igidly connected.With the instrument set in the CORRmode, the appropriate correction factorsmust be fed in.

TELE :Set t ing at 15o measur ing angle + 1Sett ing at 7.5" measuring angle

for ambient l ight readings +3for f lash readings +2

REPRO: + 3

Attachments 53


TELEUsing the TELE attachment, the measur-ing angle of your MASTERSIX can bereduced to 1 5" or 7 .5".Attaching the TELE is quite easy. Youremove the protective cover, simply slidethe dif fuser to the r ight and locate the lugon the TELE in the recess provided on theMASTERSIX. Then, with the knob pres-sed, join the two together; when the knobis released, the MASTERSIX and TELEare rigidly connected.

54 Attachments


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Before taking a reading

The measuring angle is adjusted with aswi tch, which s l ides fu l ly to one s ide or theother. i f " Q 15o" appedrs at the end of thesl ide, ds shown in the d iagram, themeasur ing angle is set at 15".

l f the s l ide is moved al l the way in theopposite direct ion, the inscript ion" Q 7.5o" appears at the end of the sl ide,indicat ing that the measur ing angle is setat 7.5'.To avoid measuring errors, always ensurethat the sl ide reaches a stop which youcan actual ly feel and engages.

rELE 55


Taking a readingMeasurements are made as described inthese operating instruct ions. Exposurecorrections have to be made before themeasurements. The fol lowing correctionfactors have to be fed in (see page 13):wi th a 15" + 1 for ambient andmeasur ing angle. f lash readingswi th a7 .5" +3 fo r ambien tmeasur ing angle: readings

+2 for f lash readingsThe fo l lowing method is a lso sui table forrapid settin"g of correction factors forambient l ight readings: wi th the meter inthe CORR mode and wi th the TELEattachment in place, aim at a uniformlyi l luminated sur face , e .g . , a house wa l l ,and press M. Then remove the attachmentqnd mesure at the same place by pressingM. This wi l l program the indiv idual correc-t ion factor of your TELE into theMASTERSIX. This, of course, assumesconstant i l luminat ion.

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56 rE LE


To take a reading, aim at your subjectthrough the attachment's ref lex viewfinder.The distance from your eye to the viewfin-der should be about 25 cm. What you cansee inside the ( larger) red circle wll l bemeasured at a sett ing of 15o; the (smaller)green c i rc le belongs to the 7.5" measur ingang le .

The i l lustrat ion shows the three measuringf ie lds (30", 15",7.5")of the combinat ion ofMASTERSIX and TELE attachment for aconstant distance from the subject beingphotog raphed.

rELE 57


PROFI-spot

The PROFI-spot attachment converts theMASTERSIX into an exposure meter witha choice of smal l angles of 1" , 5" and 1 0o.The PROFI-spot is attached to theMASTERSIX after removing the protectivecover. To do so, the diffuser has to be slidto the r ight.The neck strap provided is attached to aneyelet on the PROFI-spot. The snap hookat the other end of the strap cl ips on thecarrying strap of the MASTERSIX. Thisprovides addit ional security for the PROFI-spot.The small measuring angles permit accu-rate aiming at even the smallest parts of asubject.The high sensit ivi ty of the MASTERSIXproduces perfect readings in most practi-cal cases, even in poor l ighting condit ions.Parallax-free measurement is ensured bythe fact that the l ight beam enteringthrough the objective is spl i t up in thePROFI-spot into a measuring and a view-f inding beam.

58 PRoFt-spot


Taking a readingThe subject being photographed is aimedat through the viewfinder. Three circlesare v is ib le in the v iewf inder: for 1o, 5o and10". The desired image angle is selectedby a switch on the PROFI-spot and is indi-cated by a red l ight-emitt ing diode at thetop edge of the viewfinder.Now aim at the subject being measured andpress rocker switch M. The reading fromthe part of the subject aimed at is stored inthe memory. The apparatus is removedfrom the eye and the result of the measure-ment is read off from the display panel.The combinat ion of MASTERSIX andPROFI-spot can also be used for f lashreadings. At the various measuring ang-les, the fol lowing l imit ing values, related [o21 DlN, apply to the apertures:Measur ing angle 10" f /5.6

5" f l112 ls1" f l322ls

The MASTERSIX monitors these l imit ingvalues and automatically indicates wheth-er you are over or under them.The possible applications of this appara-tus combination are further extended bythe sensitivity ranges of modern fi lmmaterials.

PROFI-spot 59


Selected area measurement in practiceThe preselected measuring angles of 1o,5o and 10o are in accord with practicalphotographic requirements. However,i l lumination measurements made usingthe PROFI-spot and their appl icat ion areonly meaningful in relat ion to photographictechniques. They are dependent on thefol lowing factors:1. the subject contrast (contrast between

important bright and dark parts of thesubject)

2. the nature of the f i lm (negative or trans-parency film) and its contrast perfor-mance

3. the gradation performance of the com-bination of f i lm and developing.

These three influencing factors are largelyinterdependent.

60 PRoFt-spot

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With many subjects, the contrast can bevaried at random, and with others not. Inphotography in pure dayl ight, the dif fer-ences between light and shade are fixedquanti t ies, which can of course be inf lu-enced to a certain degree by brightening-surfaces. Attention is drawn to the averag-ing of readings (pages 19 and 38).The MASTERSIX automatical ly calculatesthe mean value from up to 15 readings.ln many photographs taken in artificiall ight, on the other hand, these dif ferencesbrought about by the i l lumination contrastcan be control led by changing the l ightingcondi t ions.Every film exhibits a typical contrast per-formance, depending on its exposure andits processing. This performance isexpressed as its gradation curve. lt wouldbe exceeding the scope of these instruc-t ions to go into the inf luence of develop-ing. Reference should be made to therelevant l i terature.

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Technical data

Measuring circles1", 5" and 10"

Indication ofmeasuring angletn use

Total field of view

Sensitivity rangesrelated to 21 DIN'10o measuringangle

5o measuringangle

1" measuringangle

visible in viewfinder

by light-emitting diode(LED) in viewfinderapprox. 15'

I exposure value- 2 I o 2 Oa exposure valueO t o 2 2I exposure value3 t o 2 5

Correction factorswhen switchinganglesCourse of beam

Distance rangewith addit ionallens (2 dioptres)(Fi l ter thread,d iam.35 .5 mm.obtainable fronlyour photographicdealer)Eyepiece to adaptto observer's eye

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automaticalli takeninto accountdivided parallax-freebeam (splitted beamoptic)0.5 m to oo

O.2 m to 0 .5 m

adjustable by -4 to+2.8 dioptres

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PROFI-soot 61


PROFI-color

The PROFI-color converts your MASTER-SIX into a colour-temperature meter. To fitthe attachement, remove the cover fromthe MASTERSIX, sl ide the dif fuser hemis-phere to the middle, and join the twotogether.With the PROFI-color attachment f i t ted tothe MASTERSIX, you can measure col -our-temperatures in dayl ight and in art i f i -c ia l l ight . At the same t ime, i t indicates theconversion f i l ter appropriate to the situa-t ion and to the f i lm being used.

Reading toleranceUnder normal measur ing condi l ions, thereading tolerance of the MASTERSIX/PROFI-color combination is less than+ 1 decamired (^ + 1 f i l ter value) . Forsuch a measur ing accuracy, the i l lumina-t ion must be at least 10 lux. From thatminimum value up to around 100000 lux,the colour-temperature reading is practi-cal ly independent of the i l luminat ion.You can determine the i l luminat ion, us ingyour MASTERSIX (page 44).

62 PRoFI-color


Film types

Colour films are intended for specific kindsof l ight: for "dayl ight" or "art i f ic ial l ight". l fthe light for the photograph is othel thanthat.required for the type of f i lm beingused, colour casts are produced, whichare particularly disturbing with colourreversal film. Photographs in shadow, forexample, are given a blue t inge by thelight from the s-ky.Colour casts of this type can be preventedby using appropriate filters (colbur-temp-erature conversion filters). These trans-f9rm. th.e "wrong" light to match the type off lrm Detng used.Even when one wishes deliberately toi l luminate a photograph with "wrong" i ightto achieve certain certain colour effects, itis important to measure the colour temper-ature of the light in order to be able toforesee the effect on the image to a cer-tain degree.The colour composit ion of l ight, i .e., i tsspectral distribution, is characterized bystating the colour temperature in Kelvin(K) .

Daylight films (T, D) for photographs inaverage daylight of approx. 5500 K or5800 K are the most commonlv used col-our f i lms. This type of f i lm is al-so suitablefor photographs with electron flash or blueflashbulbs.There are two different types of artificial-l ight f i lms:B and K for photographs with photoflood

lamps of approx. 3200 K.A for photographs with photoflood

lamps of approx. 3400 K.

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PROFI-color 63


Before taking a readingRemove the cover from the connectionsockets, sl ide the dif fuser to the middle,and f i t the PROFI-color on theMASTERSIX.Select the COLOR mode with the FUNC-TION sl ide-switch. The display panel wi l lshow the colour temperature of the f i lmlast set, together with the last reading.Before the very first colour-temperaturemeasurement and after each batterychange, the display wil l show the valuespreset by the manufacturer.

The film sensitivity set on the MASTERSIXhas no signif icane for the measurement ofthe colour temperature. The values storedin the equipment for other functions arealso irrelevant to this measurement.

Using the value change switch,the colour sensit ivi ty of the f i lm youusing, which wil l be marked on i ts(e .9 . , 5500 K, day l ight f i lm) .

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64 PRoFt-color

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Basically what is measured is the light fal-ling on the importan-t part of the subject,i .e., one measures from the posit ion ofthe subject in the direct ion of the l ight.Hold the combined MASTERSIX andPROFI-color so that the l ight admissionsurface is point ing in the measuring direc-t ion, i .e., towards the l ight source, takingcare that the l ight admission surface isuniformly i l luminated during the measure-ment. lf it is partly in shadow, a false read-ing wil l be obtained.Measure by pressing M.Reading examples'For a photograph with accurate colourreproduction, a red filter R 6 must be used,and the colour temperature is 8700 K.

For your photograph you must use a bluefi l ter B 13, and the colour temperature is3200 K.

Pressing M displays the colour sensitivitysett ing of the colour f i lm to be used.

The filter values indicated by theMASTERSIX are decamired dif ferences.They represent the difference between themeasured colour temperature and theideal colour-temperature value of the typeof film set.

PROFI-color

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65


Exampfes of readingsSubject in sun l ight :Take your readings towards the sun. Thecolour temperature of your l ight wi l l vary inthe course of the day. Do not "f i l ter out"i l lumination creating atmosphere, e.9., redevening l ight.

OVercast sky (no sun):Measure obliquely upwards towards thesky,Beware of passing clouds (even when thesky is completely overcast): readings canchange very quickly. In this instance, thereshould be a minimal interval betweenreading and shooting.

66 PROFT-cotor


Subject in shadow:The colour temperature is particularly highin this case. Take your reading oblique-lyupwards towards th-e sky. All sJnliqht'anilcoloured l ight should bb avoided"on thelight admission surface, otherwise anincorrect reading wil l be displayed. Col-oqled.. l ight is produced, for bxdmple, byreflection from coloured surfaces' or bytra.nsparent materials, through which thesubject is i l luminated.Subject in both sun and shadow:Measure the l ight i l luminating the impor-tant part.of the subject: this- is geneial lythe sun. In such a situation and r i i th suchgreat colour-temperature differences, col-our casts in the "neqlected" parts arehardly l ikely to be- avoided' withoutsupplementary art i f ic ial l ight ing. This addi-t ional i l lumination wil l ha-ve td match thecolour temperature of the main i l lumina-t ion.

Inaccessible subject:Measure from a substitute point, receivingas.nearly as possible the same light as thesubject.

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67


Fitting filtersThe filter determined by the reading isplaced in front of the camera objective.Should such a f i l ter, e.9., a red f i l ter 9(R 9), be unavailable, choose the nextweaker, R 6. The same value can also beachieved by a combination of f i l ters, e.9.,R 6 + R 3 : R 9 .To start off with, a set of filters, consistingof two weak R-filters and one weak B{il-ter. wi l l be suff icient.

Filter factors (exposure-increasefactors)When using f i l ters, the exposure t ime hasto be increased, since the f i l ters absorbl ight. The so-cal led "f i l ter factors" are usu-al ly marked on the f i l ter mount, e.9., thedifference "21a" in stops or the factor " x4" .l f the f i l ter factor is fed in the CORR modebefore the subsequent exposure mea-surement, you will not need to recalculatewhen reading off the exposure time (seepage 13) .

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Use filters correctly!The f i l ters indicated by the PROFI-coloronly help to prevent colour casts producedby the "wrong" colour temperature. Othercolour casts may be caused, for example,by improper storage or by the processingof the f i lm.!f you wish to achieve special effects, e.9.,in the evening sun, a f i l ter weaker thanthat indicated by the PROFI-color shouldbe used, or no f i l ter at al l (depending onthe effect intended and on the basis ofexperience).In doubtful cases use a weaker f i l ter!Incidental ly, f i l ters of the same type (equalB-values or R-values) but made by diffe-rent manufacturers, may look different andhave different filter factors.

" , iMixed l ightPhotographs taken under i l lumination bylight with different colour temperatures arerather tr icky. Al l colour f i lms are intendedtor a particular colour temperature andcannot cope adequately with such mixedl ight.Care must also be taken with fluorescentlamps, sodium-vapour lamps, mercury-vapour lamps and with coloured or mult i-coloured l ight sources. This appl ies tomeasurement and to the photograph,since the kinds of l ight l isted have a dif fe-rent spectral composit ion from the l ightfrom incandescent bodies and cannottherefore be measured with the PROFI-color.

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More about colour temperatureLight is composed of rays of differentwavelengths. In the spectrum (e.9. rain-bow), the individual wavelength regionshave their own characteristic colours, viz.(from shorter to longer wavelengths) vio-let, blue, green, yel low, orange, red.Depending on the kind of l ight, theradiated proportions of these spectral reg-ions wil l vary in magnitude. For example,l ight from an incandescent lamp containsmore red radiat ion than blue. In a blue sky,on the other hand, blue radiat ion is predo-minant.This "spectral composition" of the lightgoverns the colour reproduction of thefi lm. In a photograph in shadow, for exam-ple, blue l ight from the sky, as the uniquel ight source, wi l l produce a "blue t inge".Our eyes are not capable of accuratelyjudging the colour of the l ight ( i .e. i tsspectral composit ion), since our "subjec-tive" perception of colour always accordswith the predominant colour of the l ight.

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For this reason, we need an objectiveinstrument, which can measure the colouror spectral distr ibution of the l ight. Thisl ight "composit ion", which is of suchimportance in colour photography, ischaracterized by the "colour tempera-ture". The relat ionship between "colour"and "temperature" is provided by theproperties of the light from incandescentbodies. With these bodies, the spectralcomposit ion of the l ight, i .e. i ts "colour", isclearly determined by the incandescencetemperature. This temperature is calledthe "colour temperature" and is expressedin K (Kelvin) (K : "C + 273).The term "colour temperature" is, how-ever, also applied to l ight which is notdirect ly radiated by incandescent bodies.Stating a colour temperature of, Say,10000 K for blue l ight from the sky meansthat this is the l ight that would be radiatedby a body glowing at 10000 K.

70 PRoFt-cotor

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Filter designationsColour temperatures areonly in "Kelv in" (K) , butvalues.

mired-value :

not expressedalso in "mired"

1 000000K-value

MIRED : Mlcro REciprocal Degree.In practice, the value in "decamireds" isusually used, in order to obtain smallernumerical values: the mired-value isd iv ided by 10, i .e . 10 mi red : 1 deca-mired.Example:5000 K : 200 mired : 2O decamired.

The mired or decamired values permit per-fect characterization of the filters. sincethe same filter will always transform colourtemperatures by the same decamiredamount, regardless of the initial tempera-ture. The ,,conversion value", exprdssedin K, on the other hand, is different.

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Example:An R-6 filter transforms the colour temper-ature by a value of 6 decamireds, ' forexample:

8900 K (11.2 decamired)to 5800 K (17.2 decamired)or 3960 K (25.3 decamired)to 3200 K (31.3 decamired)The decamir:ed difference is the same(i. e. 6) in both cases, but the K-dif ferenceis dif ferent (3100 K and 7OO K, respec-t ively).

B-filters increase the K-value of the colourtemperature; R-f i l ters reduce i t .The term LB is also used for blue filters(Ligth-balancing Blue), and LA for red f i l -ters (Light-balancing Amber).

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A blue filter of 60 mired (^ B 6) is alsoreferred to as an LB -60.

In these designat ions, a minus sign indi-cates that the filter increases the statedcolour temperature, since the equivalentmired-value is reduced.Example.lf the colour temperature of a l ight sourceis, say:5000 K ^ 1 000000 ^ 200 mired

5000 KThe desired colour temperature:200 - 60 mired : 14Q mired.The colour temperature achieved by theLB -60 fi l ter is thus:

A red filter of 30 mired (a R 3) is alsoreferred to as an LA+30.

A plus sign indicates that the fi l ter reducesthe colour temperature, since theassociated mired-yalue is increased bythe fi l ter.Example:lf the colour temperature of a l ight sourceis, say:6600 K ^ 1000000 - 151.5 mi red

6600 KThe desired colour temperature:151.5 + 30 mi red : 181.5 mi red .The colour temperature achieved by filterLA+30 is thus:

W :5500 Ketvin (K).

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The following equivalences are obtainesfor Agfa and Kodak-Wratten filters:

These filters increase the colourtemperature.

These filters increase the colourtemperature

Filter details Agfa filter

R 1 . 2R 2 .4R 4.8R 9 .6R 14.4R 1 9 . 2R 2 4

C T O 1 BCTO 28C T O 4 BC T O 8 BcTo 12 BCTO 16 BcTo 20 B

These filters reduce the colour tempera-ture.

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PROFI-color 73temperature

Filter details Agfa filter

B 1 . 2B 2 .4B 4 .8B 9.6B 14.4B 19.2

CTB 1CTB 2CTB 4CTB 8CTB 12CTB 16

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Filter details Kodak-Wratten filter

B 3B 6B 98 1 2B 1 58 1 88 2 1

8288 2 + 8 2 C82 + 82C8 0 88 0 B + 8 2 A8 0 B + 8 2 C8 0 8 + 8 2 8 + 8 2 C

Filter details Kodak-Wratten filter

R 1 . 5R 3R 6R 9R 1 2R 1 5R 1 8R 2 1R 2 4

1 A8 1 B8 1 E F + 8 18 5 C858 5 B8 5 8 + 8 1 88 5 B + 8 1 E F8 5 8 + 8 1 E F

These filters reduce the colour

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REPROThe REPRO attachment converts yourMASTERSIX into an instrument wi thwhich you can determine the requisiteexposure values for copying.The exposure values for the copying of ablack-and-white or coloured original canbe determrned wi th the MASTERSIX +REPRO combinat ion, as can the unt formdist r ibut ion of the i l luminat ion.The REPRO is simple to f i t . You removethe cover, sl ide the dif fuser to the r ight andlocate the lug on the REPRO in the recessprovided on the MASTERSIX. With theknob pressed, unite the two units; whenthe knob is re leased, the MASTERSIX andREPRO are r ig id ly connected.

74 REPRo


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Gossen Mastersix Attach-1