State standard 27006-86

 

Group ZH13

 

STATE OF THE USSR STANDARD 

CONCRETE

SELECTION OF THE RULES

 

Concretes. Rules for mix proportioning 

 

OKP 58 7000     

 Date of introduction of 01/01/1987   

 

 

A. The scientific-research institute of concrete and reinforced concrete (NIIZhB) USSR State  

Ministry of Building Materials Industry of the USSR  

Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR  

Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR 

Contractors

MI Brusser, PhD. Technical. Sciences (Leader), LA Malinin, Dr. Sc. Sciences, AT Baranov, Dr. Sc. Science, V. Paturoev, Dr. Sc. Science, AS Dmitriev, Candidate. Technical. Science, VI Savin, PhD. Technical. Science, RK Zhitkevich, PhD. Technical. Science; IM Drobyaschenko, PhD. Technical. Science, VI Innovators, VG Dovzhik, PhD. Technical. Science, LI Levin, JG Hayutin, PhD. Technical. Science, VA Dorf, PhD. Technical. Science, CB Freidin, PhD. Technical. Science, JM Bazhenov, Dr. Sc. Sciences, IN Nagorniak, V. Tishenko 

Two. INTRODUCED by the Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (NIIZhB) USSR State

Three. APPROVED and put into effect the Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Construction of 25.03.86 № 31  

4. Enacted for the first time.

     Five.Reference standard technical documents  

Designation of technical documentation, to which reference is

made

Item number

Standard 10181.0-81

Standard 10181.2-81

Standard 13015.3-81

3.13

{0}3.14.{/0} {1} {/1}

1.8

GOST 10180-78

GOST 18105-86

GOST 25192-82

GOST 27005-86

{0}3.15.{/0} {1} {/1}

2.3, 4.2

Preface

2.3,4.2

 

6. REVISED (August 1989).  

This standard applies to the heavy construction, light, porous and dense silicate concrete in accordance with GOST 25192 and establishes rules for the selection, use and distribution in the production of concrete factories and construction companies in the manufacture of precast concrete and concrete products and structures, and concrete for monolithic structures and structures (hereinafter - the design) as well as to justify production and technical norms of consumption of materials.  

Established by this standard rules can also be used for the selection of different types of special concrete, provided that all requirements for these concretes requirements.  

1. General

1.1. Concrete mix design should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard in order to get concrete in structures with the strength and other indicators of quality set by state standards, specifications and design documentation for these structures, at a minimum flow of cement or other binders.  

12.2. Concrete mix design shall include: the definition of nominal composition, calculation and adjustment of the working of the calculation and transfer to production workers dosages.  

1.3. Selection of the nominal composition of the concrete produced in the organization of production of new types of structures, changes in standardized quality concrete or concrete mix, production technology, suppliers, types or brands of materials, as well as the development and revision of the consumption rates of production materials.  

1.4. Working compositions of concrete is prescribed for the transition to a new nominal composition, and then when you receive new shipments of materials of the same species and grades that were taken in the selection of the nominal composition, in accordance with their actual quality. In appointing the composition of their work in a laboratory test or production environment.  

In the future, based on operational data quality control of materials received from the parties and their concrete mix, as well as the acceptance control of concrete quality produce adjustment of working trains.

1.5. Working the dosage prescribed for the worker composition of the concrete mix to the volume of beverage prepared dough.  

1.6. Concrete mix design should be carried out the laboratory of the manufacturer of the approved concrete mix assignment, technology developed by the service of this company.  

Allowed to make the selection of concrete in central laboratories, the trusts' Orgtechstroy ", research laboratories and other organizations on the approved instructions for the selection of concrete. 

1.7. Results of selection of the nominal composition of the concrete that meets the requirements of the approved tasks must be executed in the journal selection of Concrete and approved by the chief engineer of the manufacturer of concrete mix. Working compositions and dosage subscribe head of

the laboratory or other person responsible for the selection of concrete.  

1.8. Quest, the journal selection of the nominal composition of concrete, sheet working compositions and dosages of work sheets, along with duplicates of the documents as to the appropriate party or concrete structures should be kept by the manufacturer in accordance with the requirements established by GOST 13015.3 for a document about the quality.  

2. TASK A SELECTION OF THE CONCRETE  

2.1. The task for the selection of concrete shall be prepared for a specific range of designs that are made of concrete of one kind and quality of a particular technology.  

2.2. The job should contain the following:  

regulated quality concrete in accordance with the technical requirements of the standards, specifications and design documentation for construction of specific types, which is concrete; 

quality of concrete mix, duration and mode of hardening of concrete and other conditions of production, taken on the technical documentation developed in accordance with applicable standards, rules and regulations; 

uniformity of rates of all types of concrete strength and density of the lungs and cellular concrete, as well as their corresponding average level of strength and density, planned for the coming period; 

restrictions on the composition of the concrete and the use of materials for its preparation, set of regulatory, technical and technological documentation. 

2.3. Concrete mix should be selected based on the average level of strength, and for lung and cellular - and the density of the concrete.  

The values of the average strength and density for the selection of concrete taken as per GOST 18105 and GOST 27005, taking into account the actual homogeneity of the concrete and planned to raise it. 

For cases where there are no data on the actual homogeneity of the concrete, the average strength of the selection of its members shall be equal to the required strength according to GOST 18105 for concrete of the class or grade with a coefficient of variation equal to 13.5% for heavy and light concretes, 14% - for dense silicate concrete and 17% - for cellular as well as the concrete of massive hydraulic structures. The average level density in these cases is taken to be the brand of concrete density.  

3. SELECTION OF THE RATED CONCRETE  

3.1. Selection of the nominal composition of the concrete produced in the following stages:  

selection and characterization of the raw materials for concrete;  

calculation of the initial composition; 

calculation of additional parameters with the composition of concrete compositions that differ from those in the initial part of a larger and smaller side; 

production of trial batches of the initial and additional compositions, sampling, testing, concrete mix, preparation of samples and their testing on all normalized indicators of quality; 

processing of the results obtained with the establishment of relationships that reflect the influence of parameters on the composition of the regulated quality concrete mix and concrete and designed for the nominal purpose and destination of workers and adjusting the compositions of concrete; 

appointment of the nominal composition of concrete, providing the concrete mix and getting the required quality of concrete with a minimum flow rate of binder. 

3.2. Selection of the nominal composition of the produce:  

binder for each type and brand of each of the manufacturer;  

for each coarse aggregate quarry with the same maximum particle size; 

for large porous aggregates of each brand of bulk density and strength of each of the manufacturer;  

for each sand pit;

for each type of chemical additives. 

3.3. The choice of materials used for the manufacture of concrete, should be based on the characteristics of their passport in accordance with The Technical Standards and conditions.  

When selecting materials should take into account the need to make full use of industrial waste (ash, slag and ash mixtures of TPP and others). 

3.4. Materials used for the selection of staff, must comply with standards or specifications for these materials. Prior to the calculations and preparation of concrete mixtures should be carried out experimental tests of the materials on appropriate standards for determining the quality indicators required for the calculations.  

The activity of cement (or other binding strength characteristics, if they can not be determined by standard methods) to calculate the initial and additional compounds should be based on its actual strength in the concrete of constant composition, which is the most widespread for the manufacturer of concrete mix, or other express methods tested in practice. 

These data on the actual strength of cement, applied in the selection of the nominal composition used in the future for the purpose of working compositions of concrete. 

Allowed for the calculation of the activity of the cement composition of the concrete to take equal to its guaranteed brand. In this case, when receiving a new batch of cement for use in accordance with the actual activity of the working of the concrete (in terms of cement consumption) are selected similarly rated.  

3.5. Samples of materials are selected to the extent necessary for the selection of concrete.  

Selected samples of the aggregates should be dried to constant mass and sieve with a dropout rate of fine aggregate grains larger than 5 mm, and of coarse aggregate - smaller than 5 mm, and the division of large aggregates into separate factions. 

3.6. The initial composition of concrete is calculated on the actual characteristics of the raw materials in accordance with the procedures, manuals and guidelines of scientific research institutes approved in due course.

3.7. As the varying parameters of take parameters that influence the properties of concrete and regulated quality of concrete depending on the type of concrete and accepted methods of calculation. For example, a heavy concrete, in general, is a cement-water ratio, the proportion of sand in a mixture of fillers and flow agents. In addition, for each type of concrete set the main parameter affecting to a greater extent on its strength (eg, heavy concrete - a cement-water ratio).

 

3.8. Additional compositions similar to the initial count for the values of variable parameters that differ from those adopted in the calculation of the initial composition in the smaller and more towards a 15 - 30%. Number of additional trains on each of these parameters must be at least two.  

3.9. Experimental batches of the initial and additional formulations should prepare for fillers and binder, the characteristics of which were adopted in the calculation of the compositions. Materials should have a positive temperature.  

The volume of each batch must be experienced by at least 10% greater than the total volume produced from a sample and the samples used to control the properties of concrete and concrete. 

3.10. Materials should be dosed by weight with an error not exceeding 1.0%.  

Dosing of porous aggregates allowed making in terms of obligatory control of bulk density. 

Water, aqueous solutions of synthetic resins and additives dosed by weight or volume. The density of the aqueous solution of the working of additives must be pre-determined.  

3.11. Preparation of experimental batches produced in a laboratory mixer of forced or gravitational action. Preparation of experimental batches of up to 15 liters in the selection of heavy concrete and lightweight concrete without the addition of structure may be made manually on a pre-moistened baking sheet with stirring for 3-5 minutes.  

3.12. Preparation of experimental batches beginning with the mixing of dry materials, and then gradually added to the batch assigned to calculate the amount of water solution of additives or synthetic resin.  

Permitted on the basis of visual inspection of the structure and workability of concrete mix to make changes in the number of otdozirovannoy water, and for construction-insulating lightweight concrete - in the amount of air-entraining additives or foam. 

3.13. After the end of the mixing sampled in accordance with GOST 10181.0 to verify the workability and other properties of concrete as provided in the specifications for the selection of concrete. The definition of workability begins no earlier than 15 minutes after the start of stirring the mixture with water.  

If the properties of concrete mixture does not correspond to any requirements set for the selection of concrete, should make an adjustment in the composition until the composition of the mixture each batch with the desired properties. 

Concrete mix, which does not satisfy the requirements of the job on the workability, is allowed to adjust the secondary mixing with the addition of water, cement, aggregates and additives in the necessary quantities. In the selection of hard blends and mixtures with structure-forming additives, as well as concrete mixtures, the properties of which are standardized, not only immediately after preparation, but after a certain time after mixing, the mixing experienced secondary samples of concrete mixtures is not allowed, and mixing was repeated with the modified cost of materials.  

3.14. Upon receipt of a concrete mix with the desired properties determine its density in accordance with GOST 10181.2 (except AAC) for each count of the actual consumption of materials for 1 cubic meter of concrete according to the formulas:               

 

Ö = см

цgg (1)

Ï = см

пgg (2)

Ù = см

щgg (3)

 = см

вgg (4)

                                        

 

where Ö, Ï, Ù è Â - consumption, respectively, of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water, kg / cubic meter of concrete;    

 

g , gï, gù, gâ,

 

weight, respectively, of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and

water mixing, kg;

 

 

см - The density of concrete, kg / m;

   

  

g 

- The total weight of all materials in batch, kg.

 

 

3.15. Of the total number of compositions of concrete, designed according to claim 3.14 for each one taken in the calculation of the basic parameter values are selected compositions with a minimum water demand and consumption of binder, are made of concrete control samples of these compounds and determine the strength of concrete in accordance with GOST 10180.  

Curing of samples must meet the accepted mode of curing of concrete in structures for which the selection is made of concrete. 

3.16. As a result of testing concrete and concrete formulations designed set of properties required depending on the parameters of concrete mixture composition or (ii) the consumption of materials, as well as build a graph of the concrete strength from the main parameter.  

These dependencies and schedule used in the future to assign and adjust the composition of workers. 

3.17. According to the schedule depending on the strength of the concrete of the main parameters determine the value of this parameter corresponding to the strength of the concrete specified in the job for the selection of its members, recalculate the composition of concrete on the basis of the value found for the main parameters and test its compliance with all other quality norm rates (eg, density, water resistance, frost, etc.).

For positive test results matched the composition of concrete is taken as nominal. 

When selecting the composition of the concrete meets the strength and does not meet any other requirements of the job to the selection of staff, should make a new selection of the composition with the use of technological methods to ensure receipt of all required quality of concrete, as a rule, without an increase in cement consumption. 

3.18. Concrete mix to justify the production consumption norms of materials produced for the conditions of production and material quality indicators which correspond to average values of the materials used and the conditions of production for a period of at least 6 months prior to the time of selection.  

4. PURPOSE AND ADJUSTMENT OF WORKING COMPOSITIONS

 CONCRETE MIXTURES 

4.1. Appointment of a new work of concrete produced, if the data input control found changes in the quality of incoming materials as compared to previously used by more than:  

2.5 MPa - the actual strength of the cement, which is characterized in accordance with paragraph 3.4;  

1.5 abs.% - The normal thickness of cement paste;  

1.5 abs.% - The content of silt, clay and dust particles;  

50 kg / cubic meter - the bulk density of the porous aggregate. 

4.2. Adjustment of the working of produce, if the data input quality control of aggregates and the operational control of the production set change in the quality of materials of the same parties or the quality of the concrete mixture obtained more than:  

2 abs.% - The content of sand in gravel or crushed stone in the sand;  

0.5 abs.% - Moisture fillers;  

2 cm or 5 - or the slump of concrete mix stiffness.  

Adjustments are made as if: 

the actual strength of concrete below the target, or above the upper warning limits in accordance with GOST 18105; 

the actual density of the light and aerated concrete above the required in accordance with GOST 27005. 

4.3. Assign workers and adjustment of the compositions produced taking into account the dependencies between the parameters of the concrete composition and properties of concrete and concrete laid in the selection of the nominal composition.  

The consumption of water in the aggregates and the composition of the work based on the actual moisture content of aggregate and coarse aggregate in small and fine aggregate in large determined by the formulas:

 

 Çi = ; (5)

B B З Wi i 0 0 100/ ; (6)

ПП П ЩП

П Щщ щ

щ п

( )1

1 ; (7)

ЩЩ Щ ПЩ

П Щп п

щ п

( )1

1 ; (8)

 

 

where Çi - consumption aggregates, kg / m; 

B - flow rate, kg / m; 

Wi - moisture content by weight of the i-th fraction of aggregates,%;      

  Зi0 - Consumption of dry aggregate nominal composition of the 1st fraction, kg / m;  

   Â0

 

 - Water flow at the nominal composition, kg / m;

 

 

   

- Flow of sand and coarse aggregate, kg / cu / m, taking into account the content of sand in a large

filler (PG) and coarse aggregate in the sand (sgn), a fraction of the mass;  

P, N - consumption of sand and coarse aggregate of nominal composition, kg / cu m. 

5. TRANSFER OF PRODUCTION WORKERS dosages  

5.1 Dosages of materials (cement, aggregates, water and additives) is calculated by the formula

 

Äi = VPi (9)

 

 

where A (i) - i-th dose of the material by weight, kilograms, or volume, cubic meters;  

P (i) - consumption of the i-th material in the work of the mass in kg / cubic meter, or volume, cubic m / m;  

V - volume of mixing, cubic meters; 

and logs the selection of compositions. 

5.2. Laboratory Enterprises - manufacturer of concrete mixture passes to produce a duplicate of the log dose selection for each of the working structure of the concrete. Each copy must be signed by dosing head or other responsible person of the laboratory.    

Checked against the document text by:

official edition

The USSR State Committee for Construction - M: TSITP,

1989