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The Effect of Vine Architecture in New England Vineyards
Gouveia VineyardWallingford, CT
Francis J. FerrandinoDepartment of Plant Pathology and Ecology
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Background and Rationale:
Most inland New England growers continue to depend on French-American hybrids or other
cold-hardy cultivars for the bulk of their production.
These hybrids are much more vigorous than the old-world vinifera
Saint Croix
Can different canopy structure increase productivity?
… without affecting fruit quality?
To answer these questions we established a 0.5 A plot at
Gouveia Vineyard in Wallingford CT
Treatments Four training systems were followed:
• Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP)– Mid-wire trained– Catch wires above– Hedged
• Hudson River Umbrella (HRU)– Top-wire trained– Combed
• Smart-Dyson (SD)– Vertically divided canopy, mid-wire trained.– Catch wires above and below
• Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)– Horizontally divided canopy, top-wire trained.– Combed
VSPVertical Shoot Positioning
HRUHudson River Umbrella
Pruning Method
• Fruit is borne on canes from last years buds.• A single cane from last year can supply many
buds.• Cane pruning uses last year’s canes to become
a cordon.• Spur pruning cuts back the cordon to last
years wood.
Cane Pruning
Spur Pruning
Split Canopies
The more cordon length … more potential yield
• Vertical splitting … Smart Dyson• Horizontal splitting … Geneva Double Curtain
VSPVertical Shoot Positioning
SD/SHSmart Dyson- Scott Henry
HRUHudson River Umbrella
GDCGeneva Double Curtain
Treatments Four training systems were followed:
• Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP)– Mid-wire trained– Catch wires above– Hedged
• Hudson River Umbrella (HRU)– Top-wire trained– Combed
• Smart-Dyson (SD)– Vertically divided canopy, mid-wire trained.– Catch wires above and below
• Geneva Double Curtain (GDC)– Horizontally divided canopy, top-wire trained.– Combed
2015 was a DRY year!
• There were no major disease problems• Yield depended on cordon length• Cane-pruned vines suffered winter damage!
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Yiel
d (k
g)2015
Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
0
1
2
3
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Yiel
d/m
eter
(kg
/m)
2015Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
2014 was a wet year!
• Downy Mildew was a major problem• Grape leaves close to the ground stay wet
longer• This resulted in yield loss for VSP and SD/SH
treatments.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Yiel
d (k
g)
2014Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Yiel
d (k
g/m
eter
)Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
2014
What about Quality?
• Fruit analysis was relatively constant for all treatments
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Brix
2015Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
Brix
2014Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.80
5.00
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
pH2015Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.80
5.00
GDC HRU SD/SH VSP
pH2014Cane 1.83 m
Spur 1.83 m
Spur 2.44 m
Results
• Doubling cordon length doubles yield• This requires twice the pruning and training• However, more inter-row spacing may reduce
efficiency.• Low canopies are more prone to disease • Denser canopies promote fruit rots
The Effect of Vine Architecture in New England Vineyards
Gouveia VineyardWallingford, CT
Francis J. FerrandinoDepartment of Plant Pathology and Ecology
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment [email protected]
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