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Professor Ralph E H SimsMassey University, New Zealand
Governance to supportdeployment of
Renewable Energy Systems
Production of Renewable Energy as a Regional Development Policy in Rural Areas.
OECD Workshop, Montreal 15 September 2010.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Aims in the next 20 minutes:
• Consider renewable energy resources
as available in many rural areas,
using a New Zealand farming
community case study.
• Outline a number of relevant policies.
• Provide examples of rural regions
where they have been successfully
employed.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
World oil production by source
in the Reference Scenario
Six times the current oil capacity of Saudi Arabia
needs to be developed between 2010 & 2030.
Biofuels in 2050 – IEA E.T.P. Scenario
© OECD/IEA
To achieve a 2 C target will need electric and/or
fuel cell light duty vehicles in place.
0
150 000 million ha
arable land required.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Heating accounts for around 40% of primary energy demand
Free download at www.iea.org
Annual electricity capacity additions needed for
the IEA 450 Policy Scenario – from 2012-2030.
Around 130 GW total capacity of renewable energy systems
will need to be installed annually, on average, in rural areas.
0 20 40 60
Solar and other renewables
Wind
Biomass and waste
Hydropower
Nuclear
Gas CCS
Coal CCS
GW
14 CCS coal-fired plants (800 MW each)
17 nuclear plants (1000 MW)
8 CCS gas-fired plants (500 MW)
10 New Zealand’s hydro
300 CHP plants (40 MW)
16000 turbines (3 MW)
© OECD/IEA - 2009
2.2 Mm solar panels, 200 Geothermal2
Rural district councils could help achieve the digital energy revolution?
Three farms with 5 houses and several farm buildings.
Good wind resource, 2000 hours per year of sunshine, and a good stream for micro-hydro running all year round.
Several forest plantations.
Strong interest by the community in developing renewable resources.
Renewable energy demonstration in a small rural New Zealand community
A vision for “distributed energy”
Houses
Wind sites
Solarimeter
Hydro sites
Farm buildings
3 farms
Forest plantations
Electricity profile – whole community• Typical peak in the evening
• Mid afternoon and night troughs
00:0
0
01:3
0
03:0
0
04:3
0
06:0
0
07:3
0
09:0
0
10:3
0
12:0
0
13:3
0
15:0
0
16:3
0
18:0
0
19:3
0
21:0
0
22:3
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
kWh
6.75-7.00
6.50-6.75
6.25-6.50
6.00-6.25
5.75-6.00
5.50-5.75
5.25-5.50
5.00-5.25
4.75-5.00
4.50-4.75
4.25-4.50
4.00-4.25
3.75-4.00
3.50-3.75
3.25-3.50
3.00-3.25
2.75-3.00
2.50-2.75
2.25-2.50
2.00-2.25
1.75-2.00
1.50-1.75
Solar resources• Low winter resource •Shading effects in the bottom
of the valley
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009 Mini-hydro resources
Wind resource• Windiest in late afternoons and evenings
and in spring and late summer.
00:0
0
02:0
0
04:0
0
06:0
0
08:0
0
10:0
0
12:0
0
14:0
0
16:0
0
18:0
0
20:0
0
22:0
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
m s-1
6.75-7.00
6.50-6.75
6.25-6.50
6.00-6.25
5.75-6.00
5.50-5.75
5.25-5.50
5.00-5.25
4.75-5.00
4.50-4.75
4.25-4.50
4.00-4.25
3.75-4.00
Wind /hydrogen energy system
Electricity H2 H2 Electricity
H2O
O2 H2 p
Turbine Electrolyser Pipe Fuel CellEnergy
Demand
Wind
The problem is that the wind does not always blow when the energy services
are needed
– so storage is required in the pipe.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
What do people want?
This
Or this?
What do rural people want?
Communication is the key to successful deployment of renewable
energy technologies.
Technical solutions??
Social benefits??Employment
Wealth retention
New skills
Social cohesion Business opportunities
Protection of recreational areas
Pride and independence
Improved quality of life
Avoidance of climate change impacts
Good health
Sense of community
Energy security
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Governance principles for
renewable energy uptake
- Local governments can provide greater
understanding of the current and future
potential for renewable heating, cooling,
electricity and transport biofuels.
- Local policy makers can invest wisely to
enhance renewable energy deployment
and identify possible benefits for local
citizens and businesses.
- National, state and regional policy makers
should better appreciate the roles that
local rural governments might play in
increasing the uptake of renewables.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
a) Rural district councils have local responsibilities:
They regulate:
• land use
• infrastructure
• public transport
• water supply
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
a) Rural district councils have local responsibilities:
They own:
• public buildings
• land
• vehicle fleets
• waste treatment facilities
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
b) Rural district councils are close to the community:
They have proximity to
• citizens
• local businesses
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Case study communities
Freiburg Im Breisgrau (DE)
Tokyo (JP)
Nagpur (IN)
Adelaide (AU)
Merton, London (UK)
Växjö (SE)
Masdar City(AE)
El Hierro (ES)
Samso(DK)
Güssing (AT)
Greensburg, Kansas (US)
Cape Town (ZA)
Palmerston North (NZ)
Case-studies
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Regulations - Sticks!
Barcelona Solar Ordinance
“The Merton Rule”Merton Borough,
London -
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Financial incentives - Carrots!
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Guidance, (Training, information, education,
demonstration, private ownership)
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Voluntary actions(Operation, self-governance, leadership, security of energy supply, employment)
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
100% renewable heat and power:
Växjö, Sweden
Güssing, Austria
Benefits of energy security, independence, competitiveness.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
Policy recommendations for local and regional governance
• Learn from other rural district examples, but fit them to local circumstances.
• Deploy renewable energy in parallel with energy efficiency measures.
• Analyse the potential co-benefits from enhancing renewable energy systems.
• Develop policies that support the transition to decentralised heating, cooling and power generation systems.
© O
ECD
/IEA -
2009
In summary Where good renewable energy resources
are good, costs for heating, transport and power generation can be very competitive with conventional energy systems.
For deployment of mature technologies, where good resources exist, policies and measures may not be needed.
Examples of successful policies already exist in many rural towns and could be deployed more widely.
The multi co-benefits of renewable energy need to be identified by policy makers and taken into account when developing supporting policies.
