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GOVERNMENT

FINANCE

STATISTICS

YEARBOOK

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GOVERNMENT FINANCE STATISTICS YEARBOOK Vol. XXXIV, 2010 Prepared by the IMF Statistics Department Adelheid Burgi-Schmelz, Director

For information related to this publication, please: fax the Statistics Department at (202) 623-6460, or write Statistics Department International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. 20431 or e-mail your query to [email protected] For copyright inquiries, please fax the Editorial Division at (202) 623-6579. For purchases only, please contact Publication Services (see information below).

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Yearbook 2010

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CONTENTS

“Country” in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers the euro area and some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis. 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook v

PREFACE ..................................................... vii ANNEX I. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE GFSM 2001 FRAMEWORK ................................................. xi ANNEX II. CLASSIFICATION OF HISTORICAL GFSM 1986 DATA IN THE GFSM 2001 FRAMEWORK ........................... xvii GUIDE TO COUNTRY TABLES ..................... xxi Table A: Sector and Data Availability Table B: Basis of Recording of Latest Year Reported

World Tables Table W1. Main Balances, by Levels of Government .................................................. 2 Table W2. Other Balances, by Levels of Government ................................................ 10 Table W3. Major Categories, by Levels of Government ................................................ 18 Table W4. Revenue Categories, by Levels of Government ................................................ 26 Table W5. Expense Categories, by Levels of Government ................................................ 34 Table W6. Outlays by Function, by Levels of Government ................................................ 42 Country Tables Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of .................... 52 Albania ............................................................. 55 Algeria .............................................................. 58 Armenia, Republic of ...................................... 61 Australia ........................................................... 64 Austria .............................................................. 68 Azerbaijan, Republic of ................................... 72 Bahamas, The .................................................. 75 Bahrain, Kingdom of ....................................... 79 Bangladesh ....................................................... 83 Barbados .......................................................... 86 Belarus ............................................................. 90 Belgium ............................................................ 94 Benin ................................................................ 99 Bhutan ........................................................... 102 Bolivia ............................................................ 106 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................... 109 Brazil .............................................................. 112 Bulgaria .......................................................... 116 Burkina Faso .................................................. 119 Cambodia ...................................................... 122 Canada ........................................................... 125 Cape Verde .................................................... 128 Chile .............................................................. 131 China, P.R.: Mainland ................................... 134 China, P.R.: Hong Kong ................................ 136 China, P.R.: Macao ....................................... 142 Colombia ....................................................... 145 Costa Rica ...................................................... 151 Côte d'Ivoire .................................................. 155 Croatia ........................................................... 158 Cyprus ........................................................... 161 Czech Republic ............................................. 165 Denmark ........................................................ 169 Dominican Republic ..................................... 174 Egypt .............................................................. 177 El Salvador ..................................................... 180 Equatorial Guinea .......................................... 185 Estonia ........................................................... 188 Fiji .................................................................. 192 Finland ........................................................... 194 France ............................................................. 199 Georgia .......................................................... 203 Germany ........................................................ 207 Ghana ............................................................ 210 Greece ............................................................ 213 Guatemala ..................................................... 217 Honduras ....................................................... 221 Hungary ......................................................... 224 Iceland ........................................................... 229

India ............................................................... 233 Indonesia ....................................................... 237 Iran, Islamic Republic of ............................... 240 Ireland ............................................................ 243 Israel .............................................................. 247 Italy ................................................................ 250 Jamaica ........................................................... 254 Japan .............................................................. 257 Jordan ............................................................ 262 Kazakhstan .................................................... 266 Kenya ............................................................. 270 Korea, Republic of ......................................... 273 Kuwait ........................................................... 276 Kyrgyz Republic ............................................ 279 Lao People's Democratic Republic ............... 282 Latvia ............................................................. 284 Lebanon ......................................................... 288 Lesotho .......................................................... 291 Liberia ............................................................ 295 Lithuania ........................................................ 298 Luxembourg .................................................. 303 Macedonia, FYR ............................................ 308 Madagascar ................................................... 311 Malaysia ........................................................ 314 Maldives ........................................................ 318 Mali ................................................................ 322 Malta .............................................................. 325 Mauritius ....................................................... 330 Moldova ........................................................ 334 Mongolia ....................................................... 338 Morocco ........................................................ 342 Namibia ......................................................... 346 Nepal ............................................................. 349 Netherlands ................................................... 353 New Zealand ................................................. 357 Nicaragua ....................................................... 362 Niger .............................................................. 365 Nigeria ........................................................... 368 Norway .......................................................... 372 Pakistan .......................................................... 377 Paraguay ........................................................ 380 Peru ................................................................ 383 Philippines ..................................................... 387 Poland ............................................................ 390 Portugal .......................................................... 394 Qatar .............................................................. 398 Romania ........................................................ 401 Russian Federation ........................................ 404 St. Kitts and Nevis ......................................... 410 San Marino .................................................... 413 Serbia, Republic of ........................................ 416 Seychelles ...................................................... 420 Sierra Leone ................................................... 423 Singapore ....................................................... 425 Slovak Republic ............................................. 429 Slovenia ......................................................... 435 South Africa ................................................... 438 Spain .............................................................. 441 Sri Lanka ........................................................ 445 Sweden .......................................................... 449 Switzerland .................................................... 453 Syrian Arab Republic .................................... 457 Thailand ......................................................... 460 Togo .............................................................. 464 Trinidad and Tobago .................................... 467 Tunisia ........................................................... 470 Turkey ........................................................... 474 Uganda .......................................................... 479 Ukraine .......................................................... 483 United Kingdom ............................................ 487 United States ................................................. 491 Uruguay ......................................................... 495 West Bank and Gaza ..................................... 499 Yemen, Republic of ....................................... 502 Zambia ........................................................... 505

Institutional Tables Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of .................. 511 Albania .......................................................... 511 Algeria ............................................................ 511 Armenia, Republic of .................................... 512 Australia ........................................................ 512 Austria ........................................................... 513 Azerbaijan, Republic of ................................. 513 Bahamas, The ................................................ 513 Bahrain, Kingdom of ..................................... 514 Bangladesh .................................................... 514 Barbados ........................................................ 514 Belarus ........................................................... 515 Belgium ......................................................... 515 Benin .............................................................. 516 Bhutan ........................................................... 516 Bolivia ............................................................ 517 Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................... 517 Brazil .............................................................. 517 Bulgaria .......................................................... 518 Burkina Faso .................................................. 518 Cambodia ...................................................... 519 Canada .......................................................... 519 Cape Verde .................................................... 520 Chile .............................................................. 520 China, P.R.: Mainland ................................... 521 China, P.R.: Hong Kong ............................... 521 China, P.R.: Macao ....................................... 521 Colombia ....................................................... 522 Costa Rica ..................................................... 523 Côte d'Ivoire ................................................. 523 Croatia ........................................................... 523 Cyprus ........................................................... 524 Czech Republic ............................................. 525 Denmark ........................................................ 525 Dominican Republic ..................................... 526 Egypt .............................................................. 526 El Salvador ..................................................... 526 Equatorial Guinea ......................................... 527 Estonia ........................................................... 528 Fiji .................................................................. 528 Finland ........................................................... 529 France ............................................................ 529 Georgia .......................................................... 530 Germany ........................................................ 530 Ghana ............................................................ 531 Greece ............................................................ 531 Guatemala ..................................................... 532 Honduras ....................................................... 532 Hungary ........................................................ 532 Iceland ........................................................... 533 India ............................................................... 534 Indonesia ....................................................... 534 Iran, Islamic Republic of ............................... 535 Ireland ............................................................ 535 Israel .............................................................. 536 Italy ................................................................ 536 Jamaica .......................................................... 537 Japan .............................................................. 537 Jordan ............................................................ 537 Kazakhstan .................................................... 538 Kenya ............................................................. 538 Korea, Republic of ........................................ 539 Kuwait ........................................................... 539 Kyrgyz Republic ............................................ 540 Lao People's Democratic Republic ............... 540 Latvia ............................................................. 541 Lebanon ......................................................... 541 Lesotho .......................................................... 542 Liberia ............................................................ 542 Lithuania ........................................................ 542 Luxembourg .................................................. 543 Macedonia, FYR ............................................ 543 Madagascar ................................................... 544 Malaysia ........................................................ 544


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“Country” in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers the euro area and some nonsovereign territorial entities, for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis. vi 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

Maldives ........................................................ 545 Mali ............................................................... 545 Malta ............................................................. 545 Mauritius ....................................................... 546 Moldova ........................................................ 546 Mongolia ....................................................... 547 Morocco ........................................................ 548 Namibia ......................................................... 548 Nepal ............................................................. 548 Netherlands ................................................... 549 New Zealand ................................................. 549 Nicaragua ...................................................... 550 Niger .............................................................. 551 Nigeria ........................................................... 551 Norway ......................................................... 551 Pakistan ......................................................... 552 Paraguay ........................................................ 552

Peru ................................................................553 Philippines ......................................................553 Poland ............................................................554 Portugal ..........................................................555 Qatar ..............................................................555 Romania .........................................................556 Russian Federation .........................................557 St. Kitts and Nevis .........................................557 San Marino .....................................................558 Serbia, Republic of .........................................558 Seychelles .......................................................559 Sierra Leone ....................................................559 Singapore .......................................................560 Slovak Republic .............................................560 Slovenia ..........................................................561 South Africa ...................................................561 Spain ...............................................................562

Sri Lanka ......................................................... 563 Sweden ........................................................... 563 Switzerland .................................................... 564 Syrian Arab Republic ..................................... 564 Thailand ......................................................... 564 Togo ............................................................... 565 Trinidad and Tobago ..................................... 566 Tunisia ........................................................... 566 Turkey ............................................................ 567 Uganda ........................................................... 567 Ukraine ........................................................... 568 United Kingdom ............................................ 568 United States .................................................. 568 Uruguay ......................................................... 569 West Bank and Gaza ..................................... 570 Yemen, Republic of ....................................... 570 Zambia ........................................................... 570


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2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook vii

The 2010 Government Finance Statistics Yearbook (GFS Year-book) contains detailed data on revenue, expense, transactionsin assets and liabilities, and stocks of assets and liabilities ofgeneral government and its subsectors. Data are presented inworld and country tables for all reporting countries in theframework of the Government Finance Statistics Manual, 2001(GFSM 2001).1 Corresponding metadata are provided in coun-try specific institutional tables.

The GFS Yearbook is supplemented by the presentation ofsubannual GFS according to the GFSM 2001 framework in In-ternational Financial Statistics (IFS). The IFS presents the State-ment of Government Operations and Balance Sheet informa-tion, where available, and/or a Statement of Sources and Usesof Cash. These subannual data, published with quarterly ormonthly periodicity, provide timely indicators of the fiscalstance of the sector(s) reported. The presentation of these datarepresents a significant step forward in the worldwide effort toimprove the comprehensiveness and transparency of the gov-ernment finance statistics (GFS).

The GFSM 2001 analytic framework, though con-ceived from an accrual perspective, can be used to pre-sent data generated by a variety of accounting practices.Data are summarized in the Statement of Government Opera-tions for countries reporting noncash data (e.g., accrual data) ora mixture of cash and noncash data, for some or all subsectorsof general government. Additionally, the Statement of Sourcesand Uses of Cash is presented for countries reporting cash datafor some or all subsectors of general government, as relevant.

The GFS Yearbook also presents balance sheet informationthat integrates transactions with other economic flows andgenerates stock positions for government assets and liabilities,appropriate for fiscal policy analysis (see Box 1). Annex I to thispreface further illustrates the salient features of the GFSM2001. In addition, the concepts and principles set out in theGFSM 2001 are harmonized with the other macroeconomicstatistical standards2 to facilitate consistency of statistical analy-sis, including the Balance Sheet Approach.

The remainder of this preface elaborates on the compositionof the world, country, and institutional tables, the symbols andconventions, and the enhanced GFS Database and Browser onCD-ROM (1990–present in GFSM 2001 format).

World, Country, and Institutional Tables

World tables

The GFS Yearbook world tables provide cross-countrycomparisons of data for general and central governmentshowing the main GFSM 2001 aggregates as a percentage of

gross domestic product (GDP). The world tables aresupported by a set of detailed country tables thatincorporate an integrated classification coding system ofstocks and flows.3

Country tables

To facilitate international comparisons, the GFSM 2001emphasizes the presentation of fiscal data for the general gov-ernment sector, which should be uniformly defined acrosscountries consistent with the System of National Accounts 1993definition of the general government sector.

The central and general government sectors are shown foreach country in the hard copy edition of the GFS Yearbook. Inaddition, two other subsectors are shown on the basis of theinstitutional structure of the particular country, that is, basedon the subsectors that exist. Data reported for the latest threeyears are presented in the hard copy of the GFS Yearbook.Data for all reported subsectors, as relevant, are shown on theGFS Database and Browser on CD-ROM (1990–present inGFSM 2001 format).4

If no data are available for the published subsectors for aspecific detailed classification table or summary statement,only the statement or table headings are presented in the hardcopy of the GFS Yearbook.

Table A of the Guide to Country Tables indicates the sec-tors and years for which data are available—hard copy andCD-ROM—for each country. Table B of the Guide to Coun-try Tables indicates the current accounting basis for compilingthe data in the individual country tables for each reportedsubsector of general government. The basis of recording ofthe data in the individual country tables is identified as cashor noncash, where the latter encompasses any recording basisother than cash (including accrual).

For countries that report noncash data for all or some sub-sectors of general government, all statements and detailed tables are presented, where available.5 For countries report-ing data on a cash basis, data are presented only in the State-ment of Sources and Uses of Cash—in summary form—andin the corresponding detailed tables (Tables 1-3 and 6-8), asrelevant. It should be noted that, owing to the non-availabilityof data on the consumption of fixed capital, the net operatingbalance (change in net worth due to transactions includingconsumption of fixed capital) is not published for some coun-tries that report data on a noncash basis.

PREFACE

3 The detailed classification tables are presented in Appendix 4 of the Gov-ernment Finance Statistics Manual 2001.

4 In the GFS database, all historic data from 1990 onward were reclassifiedfrom the GFSM 1986 framework to the GFSM 2001 framework.

5EU country tables reported through Eurostat do not include a Statementof Sources and Uses of Cash because the European System of Accounts 1995source data do not provide this information.

1The text of the GFSM 2001 is on the IMF website: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/index.htm.

2System of National Accounts 1993; Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition,1993; and Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual 2000.


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viii 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

Box 1. The GFSM 2001 Statements and Core Balances

The Statement of Government Operations (GFS Yearbook) records transactions on a noncash (accrual) basis. The statement distinguishes between the following transactions:

Revenue Transactions that increase net worth.

Expense Transactions that reduce net worth.

Net acquisitions of Transactions that affect the stock of nonfinancial assets, without changing nonfinancial assets net worth (acquisitions minus disposals).

Financing Transactions that affect the stock of financial assets and liabilities, without changing net worth (net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities).

The analysis of government operations is supported by two key fiscal indicators:

Operating balance Summary measure of the effects of revenue and expense transactions on net worth. Net operating balance (NOB) equals revenue minus expense. The Gross operating balance (GOB) equals revenue minus expense other than consumption of fixed capital. 1/

Net lending/borrowing Represents the financial resources that government absorbs from, or releases to, other sectors of the economy. It is calculated as the NOB minus the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. Net lending/borrowingis also equal to the net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities.

The Integrated Balance sheet (GFS CD-ROM), focuses on an assessment of the sustainability of government operations from a fiscal perspective. It shows the government’s net worth at the beginning and end of each fiscal year, as well as the related transactions and other economic flows. The sustainability of fiscal policy depends in part on how the government’s net worth changes over time. Changes in net worth can be explained not only by government transactions but also by other economic flows attributable to gains or losses resulting from changes in the prices of assets and liabilities, as well as other changes in their volume.

Net worth The total stock of assets minus liabilities. The net worth in period (t) can also be calculated as the net worth of the previous period (t-1), plus changes in net worth in period (t) due to transactions (the NOB), plus changes in net worth in period (t) due to other economic flows.

Net financial worth The stock of financial assets minus liabilities.

The Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash (GFS Yearbook) shows cash flows associated with revenue and expense transactions and transactions in nonfinancial assets, which yields the cash surplus/deficit. The assess-ment of the government’s level of cash holdings (liquidity) and its determinants is a key element in analyzing interrelationships with monetary policy.

Cash surplus/deficit Net cash inflow from operating activities minus the net cash outflow from investments in nonfinancial assets.

1/ The NOB/GOB excludes the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The latter does not affect net worth because it represents only an accumulation of assets in exchange for an accumulation of liabilities or use of existing assets.


Users should exercise caution when making coun-try comparisons using the Classification of the Func-tions of Government (Table 7), insofar as the defini-tion of outlays may be different between countries orover time. The GFSM 2001 framework defines outlays byfunction of government (COFOG) as the sum of expense andthe net acquisition of nonfiancial assets. This is a change fromthe definition of outlays under the GFSM 1986, which de-fined outlays as the sum of expense and gross acquisition ofnonfinancial assets. Outlays in Table 7 may be defined in ei-ther way, depending on the reporting country.

Institutional tables

For each country, a standardized institutional table de-scribes the structure of the general government sector andprovides data coverage details and information on accountingpractices. In addition, where countries have introducedGFSM 2001 implementation plans, the institutional table de-scribes them if, reported. Breaks in the comparability of timeseries from 1990 onward are also explained.

Symbols, Conventions, and Statistical Adjustment

The following symbols and conventions are used through-out the GFS Yearbook:

Captions or subheaders identify the units in which dataare expressed.

Billion means one thousand million.

A dash (—) indicates that a figure is zero or less than halfof a significant digit.

An ellipsis (....) indicates the absence of data.

The letter f denotes forecasted or projected data.

The letter p denotes data that are preliminary or provisional.

The symbol † (data cell in blue font on the CD-ROM)marks a break in the comparability of data; that is, data ap-pearing after the symbol do not form a consistent time serieswith those for earlier years. Typically, break symbols will ap-pear in the summary statements or detailed tables when, forexample, changes have occurred in the coverage and classifi-cation of data or when the basis of recording has changedfrom cash to noncash. Break symbols in the time series ofindividual countries are explained in the coverage noteincluded in the institutional table for that country.

For data relating to a fiscal year that does not correspond tothe calendar year, the country and world tables present the datawith reference to the calendar year for which the greatest num-ber of monthly observations exist. Unless otherwise indicated,for fiscal years ending June 30 or later, the tables present thedata in the calendar year when the fiscal year ends. For exam-ple, the fiscal year July 1, 2008–June 30, 2009 is shown as cal-endar year 2009 in the country tables. Conversely, for fiscalyears ending June 29 or earlier, the tables present the data in thecalendar year when the fiscal year begins. Changes in fiscal

years are indicated by the break symbol † (data cell in blue fonton the CD-ROM). Minor differences between published totalsand the sum of components are attributable to rounding.

The GFS Database and Browser on CD-ROM (1990–presentin GFSM 2001 format) contains statistical adjustment lines formost aggregates. However, only three statistical adjustmentlines are in the data presented in the GFS Yearbook: 1) theStatement of Government Operations includes a statistical dis-crepancy between net lending/borrowing and financing; 2) theStatement of Sources and Uses of Cash includes a line for thestatistical discrepancy between the cash surplus/deficit and forfinancing; and 3) the Classification of the Functions of Gov-ernment (Table 7) includes a line for the statistical discrepancybetween the reported components and total outlays.

CD-ROM

The Government Finance Statistics Database and Browseron CD-ROM (1990–present in GFSM 2001 format), whichcontains annual time series for all reported subsectors of gen-eral government, is issued quarterly and is updated as newdata are received. Most of the data prior to 2000 reflect reclas-sified data previously reported by member countries using theGFSM 1986 format. Users should exercise caution when com-paring data over time because shortcomings have been identi-fied in the data for the years prior to 2000 that have been re-classified according to the GFSM 2001 framework.

The browser enables users to view and extract data for an-alytical purposes. The browser software is an easy-to-useWindows interface for accessing the database, selecting spe-cific data series, displaying the selected series in a spreadsheetformat, and saving the selected series for transfer to othersoftware systems, such as Microsoft Excel.

Five complementary views are provided for browsing thedatabase contained within the CD-ROM:

• a “table view” corresponding to the tables contained within the GFS Yearbook;

• an “economic concept view” providing access to similar concepts across countries;

• a view/search facility based on the structure of thetime series codes.

• a matrix view for enhanced data analysis; and

• an integrated balance sheet view.

An extensive help facility is incorporated into the browser, including a list of frequently-asked-ques-tions (FAQs).

For users seeking access to historical data, the HistoricalGovernment Finance Statistics Database and Browser on CD-ROM contains time series for 149 countries from 1972 to 1989, presented in the framework of the GFSM 1986. Usersinterested in converting the historical series may refer to thedocument “Classification of GFSM 1986 Data to the GFSM2001 Framework,” available on the IMF’s website:(http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfs/manual/comp.htm).

2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook ix


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2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xi

This annex provides a synopsis of the GFS system as it relates to the treatment of stocks and flow data, the four finan-cial statements that comprise the analytical framework of theGFSM 2001, and salient features of coverage, classification,basis of recording, and valuation under the GFSM 2001.

The Treatment of Balance Sheet and Flow Data

The GFSM 2001 is a framework that fully integrates flows(used to report the results of events that occur during the ac-counting period) and stocks (used to compile the BalanceSheet at the beginning and end of the accounting period). Thecomprehensive treatment of flows in the GFS system enablesthe opening and closing stocks to be fully reconciled. In otherwords, the following relationship is valid for each item on theBalance Sheet:

S1 = S0 + F

where S0 and S1 represent the values of an item on the Balance Sheet at two points in time (0,1) and F representsthe cumulative value of all flows between times 0 and 1 thataffect that particular item. More generally, any stock, includ-ing net worth, is the cumulative value of all flows affectingthat stock that have occurred over the lifetime of the item.

The GFSM 2001 framework provides a range of possibili-ties for fiscal analysis, especially concerning fiscal liquidityand policy sustainability issues. The liquidity constraint, mea-sured as the net change in the stock of cash, should prove usefulfor fiscal policy decision makers. This measure is shown inthe Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash, which also con-tains information on the types of aggregate receipts and pay-ments that contribute to the change in the stock of cash.

A major innovation of the GFSM 2001 framework is thatthe Statement of Government Operations parallels a set ofbusiness accounts, allowing a nuanced view of fiscal sustain-ability through the measurement of net worth, as well as an op-erating balance and net lending/borrowing. When compiled usingcomprehensive accrual information, these measures reflectmore accurately the impact of resource flows. The analysis ofnet worth (the stock of assets minus liabilities) should focuspolicy attention on the structure of the government’s balancesheet and the portfolio choice among assets (and liabilities).The net operating balance is a summary measure of the changein net worth owing to transactions that occurred in the period; revenue and expense are the only transactions that affect net worth. Net lending/borrowing shows the extent towhich the government absorbs or provides financial resourcesto the rest of the economy and the rest of the world.

The Four Financial Statements of the GFSM 2001

The core of the analytic framework is a set of four financialstatements. Three of the statements can be combined to

demonstrate that all changes in stocks result from flows (seeFigure 1). These are (1) the Statement of Government Opera-tions, (2) the Statement of Other Economic Flows, and (3) theBalance Sheet. The fourth statement—the Statement of Sourcesand Uses of Cash— provides key information on liquidity.

The Statement of Government Operations summa-rizes all transactions and derives important analytic balancesfrom this information. Revenue minus expense equals the netoperating balance, which is a summary measure of the effect ofthe government’s transactions on net worth. The subsequentdeduction of the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets fromthe net operating balance produces a balance called net lend-ing/borrowing, which measures the extent to which govern-ment either provides financial resources to the other sectorsof the economy and the rest of the world (net lending) or usesfinancial resources generated by the other sectors (net borrow-ing). Net lending/borrowing, also, is equal to the government financing requirement derived as the net of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. It is a measure of the financialimpact of government activity on the rest of the economy.

The Statement of Other Economic Flows presents in-formation on changes in net worth that arise from flows otherthan transactions. These flows are classified as eitherchanges in the value (revaluations, or holding gains orlosses) or the volume of assets and liabilities. The balancingitem of this statement is the change in net worth resulting fromother economic flows.

ANNEX I. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE GFSM 2001 FRAMEWORK

STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS

1 Revenue

2 Expense

Net operating balance (1–2=31+32–33)

31 Net acquisition of nonfinancial assets

Net lending/borrowing (1–2–31=32–33)

32 Net acquisition of financial assets

33 Net incurrence of liabilities

STATEMENT OF OTHER ECONOMIC FLOWS

4,5 Change in net worth resulting from other economic flows (41+42–43+51+52–53)

41,51 Change in nonfinancial assets

42,52 Change in financial assets

43,53 Change in liabilities


xii 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

Revenueminus

Expense

Transactionsin nonfinancial

assets

Stocks

+ +

Networth

Nonfinancial assets

Holding gains andother volume

changesin nonfinancial

assets

Equals

Plus

Change innet worth

due totransactions

Change in networth due to

other economic

flows

Net financialworth

Net lending/

borrowing

Change in netfinancial worth

due to other

economic flows

Equals

Financial assetsTransactions infinancial assets


changes in financial

assets

Liabilit ies

Minus

Transactions in

liabili ties


changes in liabilities

Minus Minus

EqualsEquals

Plus Plus

Equals Equals

Equals

Stocks

=

Networth

Nonfinancial assets

Equals

Plus

Net financialworth

Equals

Financial assets

Liabilit ies

Minus

Opening Balance Sheet

Statement ofGovernmentOperations

Statement of Other

Economic Flows

Closing Balance Sheet

Flows

Changein net financialworth due to

other economic flows

Liabilities

Figure 1: Structure of the GFS Analytical Framework

Networth

Networth

Net financialworth

Net financialworth

Changein net worth

due to transactions

Changein net worth

due to other

economic flows

Net lending/borrowing

Liabilities

Revenueminus

Expense

Nonfinancial assets Nonfinancial assets

Financial assets Financial assets

Holding gains andother volumechanges in

financial assets

Holding gains andother volumechanges in liabilities

StocksStocks

Holding gains andother volumechanges in

nonfinancial assets

Transactions in Financial assets

Transactions in liabilities

Transactions in nonfinancial

assets


The Balance Sheet presents the stocks of assets, liabili-ties, and net worth at the end of the accounting period. Thegovernment’s net worth is defined as the difference betweentotal assets and total liabilities. Another balancing item thatcan be derived from the Balance Sheet is net financial worth,which is defined as total financial assets minus total liabilities.

The Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash showsthe amounts of cash generated and used in operations,transactions in nonfinancial assets, and transactions involv-ing financial assets and liabilities, excluding cash itself. Thebalancing item, net change in the stock of cash, is the sum of thenet cash received from these three sources of cash flows.

Coverage of the GFSM 2001 System

The main focus of the coverage of the GFSM 2001 systemis the general government sector as defined in the System ofNational Accounts, 1993 (1993 SNA), which is defined on thebasis of institutional units. The comprehensive conceptualand accounting framework of the GFSM 2001 applies to boththe general government and the broader public sector; how-ever, the coverage of the GFS Yearbook database has not beenextended yet to include the public sector.2

Government units are institutional units3 that carry outthe functions of government as their primary activity. Thatis, they:

• have legislative, judicial, or executive authority over otherinstitutional units within a given area;

• assume responsibility for the provision of goods and ser-vices to the community as a whole or to individual house-holds on a nonmarket basis;

• make transfer payments to redistribute income andwealth; and

• finance their activities, directly or indirectly, mainly bymeans of taxes and other compulsory transfers from unitsin other sectors.

All government units are members of the general govern-ment sector, which also consists of all nonmarket nonprofitinstitutions (NPIs) that are controlled by government units.These are legally nongovernment entities, but they are con-sidered to be carrying out government policies and effectivelyare part of government. The general government sector doesnot include public corporations or quasi-corporations.

Frequently, units of the broader public sector (nonfinancialpublic corporations and financial public corporations) carryout some functions of government. To capture the fiscal trans-actions and activities taking place outside the general govern-ment sector, the GFSM 2001 encourages the identification oftransactions between units of the general government sectorand public corporations in the compilation of statistics on thepublic sector. However, it should be noted that this volume ofthe GFS Yearbook does not yet include these data.

In the GFS system, provision is made for subsectors ofgeneral government: central; state, provincial, or regional; andlocal; plus social security schemes, as relevant.4 Not all coun-tries will have all three levels; some may have only a centralgovernment or a central government and one lower level.Other countries may have more than three levels. In suchcases, the various units should all be classified as one of thethree levels suggested in the GFSM 2001.

The central government subsector is large and complex inmost countries. It is generally composed of a central group ofdepartments or ministries that make up a single institutionalunit plus, in many countries, other units operating under theauthority of the central government with a separate legalidentity and enough autonomy to form additional govern-ment units (extrabudgetary accounts/funds and social secu-rity funds). These units may also exist at the state or local

2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xiii

BALANCE SHEET

6 Net worth (61+62–63)

61 Nonfinancial assets

62 Financial assets

63 Liabilities

STATEMENT OF SOURCES AND USES OF CASH

1 Cash receipts from operating activities

2 Cash payments for operating activities

Net cash inflow from operating activities (1–2)

31 Net cash outflow from investments in nonfinancial assets

Cash surplus/deficit (1–2–31)

32x Net acquisition of financial assets other than cash

33 Net incurrence of liabilities

Net cash inflow from financing activities (–32x+33)

Net change in the stock of cash(1–2–31–32x+33=3212+3222)1

1 Domestic currency and deposits (3212) and foreign currencyand deposits (3222).

2 The general government sector consists of entities that imple-ment public policy through the provision of primarily nonmarketservices and the redistribution of income and wealth, with bothactivities supported mainly by compulsory levies on other sectors.The public sector consists of the general government sector plus

2 (cont.) government-controlled entities, known as public corpora-tions, whose primary activity is to engage in commercial activities.

3 This type of unit can, in its own right, own assets, incur lia-bilities, and engage in economic activities and transactions withother entities.

4 The GFS Yearbook does not separately disclose data on socialsecurity. These data are available on the GFS CD-ROM in the re-spective tables and statements.


xiv 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

government levels. The GFSM 2001 encourages the creationof subsectors at each level of government based on whetherthe units are financed by the legislative budgets of that levelof government or by extrabudgetary sources.5

The GFSM 2001 ClassificationsClassification codes are used in the GFS system to iden-

tify types of transactions, other economic flows, and stocksof assets and liabilities. The overall organization of the codesis outlined in Figure 2.

Codes beginning with 1 refer to revenue; codes beginningwith 2 refer to expense; and codes beginning with 3 refer totransactions in nonfinancial assets, financial assets, and liabil-ities. For financial assets and liabilities, code 3 also signifiesthat they have been classified by financial instrument.

The first digit of the classification code for an other eco-nomic flow is always 4 or 5. Codes beginning with 4 refer toholding gains or losses and codes beginning with 5 refer toother changes in the volume of assets and liabilities. The firstdigit of the classification code for a stock of a type of asset orliability is always 6.

Transactions in assets and liabilities, other economic flows,and stocks of assets and liabilities all refer to types of assetsand liabilities. Hence, the second and subsequent digits ofeach code are identical for each type of asset or liability. Thatis, 311 refers to transactions in fixed assets, 411 to holdinggains in fixed assets, 511 to other changes in the volume offixed assets, and 611 to the stock of fixed assets.

Expense transactions and transactions in nonfinancial as-sets can also be classified using the Classification of Functions

of Government (COFOG).6 All COFOG classification codesbegin with 7. Transactions in financial assets and liabilities canbe classified according to the sector of the other party to thefinancial instrument as well as according to the type of finan-cial instrument. When classified by sector, the classificationcodes for these transactions begin with 8.

The GFSM 2001 also encourages the recording of memo-randum items to provide supplemental information aboutitems related to, but not included on, the Balance Sheet.Where reported, these data have been included in the GFSYearbook and on the GFS CD-ROM.

Basis and Time of Recording

In the GFSM 2001 system, flows are recorded on an accrualbasis, which means that flows are recorded at the time eco-nomic value is created, transformed, exchanged, transferred,or extinguished. Using the accrual basis also means that non-monetary transactions are fully integrated in the revised GFSsystem. The GFSM 2001 system also records flows on a cashbasis. These data are reported in the Statement of Sources andUses of Cash in the Country Tables of the GFS Yearbook andon the GFS CD-ROM.

Valuation of Flows and Stocks

Flows as well as stocks of assets, liabilities, and net worth(a balancing item) are valued at current market prices in theGFSM 2001, but with a provision for recording the nominalvalue of debt securities as a memorandum item.7 In particu-lar, flows are to be valued at prices current on the dates forwhich they are recorded, while stocks are to be valued at cur-rent prices on the Balance Sheet date.

5 Separately classifying these units is analytically useful in dis-tinguishing their differing sources of finance and differing types ofpublic oversight of their operations.

6 Data are collected and published for a selected subset offunctions.

7 The nominal value is the amount that the debtor owes to thecreditor at any moment. Conceptually, the nominal value is equalto the required future payments of principal and interest dis-counted at the existing contractual interest rate. It reflects thevalue of the instrument at creation and subsequent economicflows, such as transactions, valuation changes (excluding marketprice changes) , and other changes such as debt forgiveness.


2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xv

2

Expense

Transactions inNonfinancial Assets

Transactions

1

Revenue

Transactions inFinancial Assets

and Liabilitiesclassified byinstrument

Stock of Assetsand LiabilitiesOther Economic Flows

3 4 5 6

1) Classification of the Functions of Government.

2) By sector of the counterparty to the financial instrument.

Holdinggains/losses in

Nonfinancial andFinancial Assets

and Liabilities

Other volumechanges in


and Liabilities


and Liabilities

COFOG1) Expenseand Transactions inNonfinancial Assets

Transactions inFinancial Assets

and Liabilitiesclassified by

sector2)

7

8

Figure 2: The Classification Coding System for GFS


This page intentionally left blank


2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xvii

All historical data in the GFS database from 1990 onwardhave been reclassified to conform as closely as possible to theGFSM 2001. The main features of the reclassification are de-scribed below and illustrated in broad terms in Figure 3.

Revenue

The GFSM 1986 categories total revenue and grants (A.I),excluding sales of fixed capital assets, stocks, and land and in-tangible assets (A14–16), were classified to the GFSM 2001category revenue (1). In addition, the following explains theclassification of the historical GFSM 1986 revenue items tothe GFSM 2001 categories:

• Other taxes (116): For state and local governments, othertaxes (116) also include taxes on payroll and workforce(112), and taxes on international trade (115), because thesedata were not separately collected in the GFS YearbookQuestionnaire (GFSM 1986 format).

• Grants from abroad (131): For all subsectors of general gov-ernment, this category includes grants from internationalorganizations (132), except grants from supranational or-ganizations, because these data were not separately col-lected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM 1986 for-mat). Grants from supranational organizations, separatelyavailable in the GFSM 1986 historical data (where applica-ble), are classified in the GFSM 2001 category grants frominternational organizations (132).

• Property income (141): For all subsectors of general govern-ment, this category includes cash operating surpluses ofdepartmental enterprise sales (GFSM 1986 category A8.1).See Operations of market establishments below.

• Voluntary transfers other than grants (144): For all subsectors ofgeneral government, this category excludes current trans-fers from nongovernment sources because these data werenot separately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format). These transfers are included in theGFSM 1986 category other nontax revenue (A12), whichhas been reclassified to the GFSM 2001 category miscella-neous and unidentified revenue (145).

• Other revenue (145): For all subsectors of general govern-ment, this category includes current voluntary transfersother than grants because these data were not separatelycollected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM 1986format). For state and local governments, miscellaneousand unidentified revenue (145) also includes fines, for-feits, and penalties (144) because these data were not sep-arately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format).

Expense

The GFSM 1986 categories total current expenditure (C.III)and total capital transfers (C7) were classified to the GFSM

2001 category expense (2). In addition, the following specificcomments relate to the classification of the historical GFSM1986 expenditure items to the GFSM 2001 categories.

• Total expense (2): For state and local governments, onlythree components of expense (wages and salaries, use ofgoods and services, and interest) can be derived from theGFSM 1986 data. Subsidies, grants, social benefits andother expense cannot be derived because these data werenot separately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format).

• Wages and salaries (211): For state and local governments,this category includes social contributions by govern-ment as employer (212) because these data were not sep-arately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format).

• Use of goods and services (22): For all subsectors of generalgovernment, this category includes property expenseother than interest (281) because these data were not sep-arately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format).

• Subsidies (25): For all subsectors of central government,this category includes the GFSM 1986 category cash oper-ating deficits of departmental enterprise sales (C3.1.3). SeeOperations of market establishments below. For state and localgovernments, subsidies (25) cannot be calculated becausethese data were not separately collected in the GFS Year-book Questionnaire (GFSM 1986 format).

• Grants to foreign governments (261): For all subsectors of cen-tral government, this category includes grants to interna-tional organizations (262) because these data were not sep-arately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format). For state and local governments,grants (26) cannot be calculated because data other thangrants to other general government units were not sepa-rately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM1986 format).

• Social benefits (27): For all subsectors of central government,the GFSM 1986 category current transfers to nonprofit in-stitutions and households (C3.3–4) was used as a proxy forsocial benefits owing to lack of details. Therefore, socialbenefits (27) may be overstated because it includes other(current) transfers to nonprofit institutions and house-holds, which should be classified to miscellaneous otherexpense (282), if available. For state and local govern-ments, social benefits (27) cannot be calculated becausecurrent transfers to nonprofit institutions and householdswere not separately collected in the GFS Yearbook Ques-tionnaire (GFSM 1986 format).

• Other expense (28): For all subsectors of central government,this category excludes property expense other than interestbecause these data were not separately collected in the

ANNEX II. CLASSIFICATION OF HISTORICAL GFSM 1986 DATA TO THE GFSM 2001 FRAMEWORK


xviii 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM 1986 format). See Useof goods and services above.

• Miscellaneous other expense (282): For all subsectors of cen-tral government, this category only includes domestic cap-ital transfers to all units except general government units(GFSM 1986 categories C7.1.2–5). Current transfers tononprofit institutions and households other than socialbenefits are excluded because these data were not sepa-rately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM1986 format). See Social benefits above.

Net acquisition of nonfinancial assets

The GFSM 1986 expenditure categories acquisition offixed capital assets (C4), purchases of stocks (C5), and pur-chases of land and intangible assets (C6) were classified tothe GFSM 2001 category purchases of nonfinancial assets(31.1). The revenue categories sales of fixed capital assets,stocks, and land and intangible assets (A14–16) were classi-fied to the GFSM 2001 category sales of nonfinancial assets(31.2). The net acquisition of nonfinancial assets was calcu-lated as category 31.1 minus 31.2.

Figure 3: Broad Overview of Relationships Between GFSM 1986 and GFSM 2001

Classification Systems

GFSM 1986 GFSM 2001

Total Revenue and

Grants

Total expenditure

Lending minus

Repayments

Financing

Revenue

Expense

Net Acquisition of

Nonfinancial Assets

Net Acquisition of

Financial Assets

Net Incurrence of

Liabilities

Excluding sales of fixed

capital assets, stocks, land,

and intangible assets

Sales of fixed capital

assets, stocks, land,

and intangible assets

Current expenditure

plus capital transfers

Acquisition of fixed capital

assets, purchases of stocks,

land, and intangible assets

Total change in cash,

deposits, and securities

held for liquidity purposes

Total net borrowing


The acquisition and disposal of valuables were not sepa-rately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM1986 format).

For state and local governments, sales of fixed capital assets(311.2) include capital transfers received from nongovernmentsources because these data were not separately collected in theGFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM 1986 format).

Net acquisition of financial assets

The GFSM 1986 categories total lending minus repayments(C.V) and total change in cash, deposits, and securities held forliquidity purposes (E6 and E12) are classified to the GFSM2001 categories net acquisition of financial assets (32, 82).

Owing to lack of detail in the GFSM 1986 classifications,most of the components of the domestic and foreign net ac-quisition of financial assets are not available.

For state and local governments, net acquisition of financialassets excludes change in cash, deposits, and securities heldfor liquidity purposes: abroad (E12) because these data werenot separately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format). (See Net incurrence of liabilities below.)

Net incurrence of liabilities

All GFSM 1986 financing categories (Tables D or E), exclud-ing total change in cash, deposits, and securities held for liquidity purposes (E6 and E12), are classified to the GFSM2001 categories net incurrence of liabilities (33, 83).

For state and local governments, net incurrence of liabilitiesincludes change in cash, deposits, and securities held for liq-uidity purposes: abroad (E12) because these data were not sep-arately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM1986 format). (See Net acquisition of financial assets above.)

Liabilities

For all subsectors of general government, domestic, for-eign and total outstanding debt (GFSM 1986 data) were clas-sified to the GFSM 2001 categories domestic (631), foreign(632), and total liabilities (63), respectively.

For the historical GFS Yearbook data (GFSM 1986 format),therefore, liabilities are valued in accordance with the GFSM1986 methodology and not according to their market values(GFSM 2001 methodology).

Total outlays

In the historical GFS Yearbook data (GFSM 1986 format),total outlays (7) represents expense plus the (gross) acquisi-tion of nonfinancial assets because the disposals/sales ofnonfinancial assets were not classified by function of gov-ernment. Only total expenditure (expense plus the acquisi-tion of nonfinancial assets) was classified by function of gov-ernment. In the GFSM 2001, total outlays represent expenseplus the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets (acquisitionsminus disposals).

Outlays on the protection of the environment (705) werenot separately collected in the GFS Yearbook Questionnaire(GFSM 1986 format).

Adjustments to the GFSM 1986 datacategories

The GFS Yearbook Questionnaire (GFSM 1986 format) included several country-specific adjustment lines to the aggregates and/or subcategories of revenue and grants, expenditure and lending minus repayments, and financing.These adjustments were due to imbalances between the aggregates and the sum of their components. To maintainthe balance in the data, these adjustments were included inthe reclassification of the historical GFSM 1986 data to theGFSM 2001 categories. In the hard copy of the GFS Yearbook,published components may not sum to the aggregates as dis-played because the adjustments are not published. These adjustment data are available on the GFS CD-ROM in the respective tables and statements.

Adjustment for the GFSM 1986 consolidationmethod

For each subsector of central government in the Statementof Sources and Uses of Cash, the balancing item net cash inflowfrom operating activities (CIO) includes an adjustment to com-pensate for the GFSM 1986 method of consolidating centralgovernment data. This adjustment line is not shown in thehard copy publication of the GFS Yearbook but is available onthe GFS CD-ROM.

In pre–2003 GFS yearbooks based on the GFSM 1986, bud-getary central government, extrabudgetary accounts/funds,and social security funds were combined to form the consoli-dated central government, where data were available. Data forstate and/or local governments were also published, as avail-able, but no general government data (consolidating centralgovernment, state governments and local governments, as rel-evant) were compiled and published.

In both the GFSM 1986 and the GFSM 2001, consolidationinvolves the elimination of all transactions and debtor-credi-tor relationships that occur among the units that have beenconsolidated (i.e., presenting the statistics of a set of units asif they constituted a single unit). However, the method forconsolidation in the GFSM 2001 differs from that applied inthe GFSM 1986 and in previous GFS yearbooks. The differ-ence can be explained as follows: The operations of centralgovernment’s budgetary accounts (BA), extrabudgetary accounts/funds (EA), and social security funds (SS) are com-bined to form the consolidated central government (CG). Fur-thermore, also assume all transactions between these unitsare X (= Xba + Xea + Xss). In the GFSM 2001, CG = BA + EA+ SS – X. The subsectors are presented on a gross basis andthe consolidation is done separately. In the GFSM 1986, CG= (BA – Xba) + (EA - Xea) + (SS - Xss). The subsectors are pre-sented on a net basis, i.e., after consolidation. This differencemeans that the GFSM 2001 data for each subsector of gov-

2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xix


xx 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

ernment are presented on a gross basis, while the GFSM 1986data for each subsector of government are presented on a netbasis. The presentation of the GFSM 1986 above-the-linedata for the subsectors of central government on a net basisresulted in a mismatch between the deficit/surplus and fi-nancing data for these subsectors.

The reclassification of the historical GFS yearbook datato the GFSM 2001 Statement of Sources and Uses of Cashhas required an adjustment of budgetary central govern-ment accounts, extrabudgetary accounts/funds, and socialsecurity funds data from a net basis to a gross basis. Thisadjustment was needed so that the respective balancingitems (net cash inflow from operating activities, cash sur-plus/deficit, and net change in the stock of cash) in theStatement of Sources and Uses of Cash are correctly shownon a gross basis. If no financing data were reported for thebudgetary, extrabudgetary, and social security subsectors,this adjustment for consolidation could not be made. As aresult, the Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash showsdata for the balancing items “net cash inflow from operatingactivities” and “cash surplus/deficit” as being not availablefor these subsectors.

Operations of market establishments

In the GFSM 2001, the operations of market establish-ments are recorded on a gross basis. That is, their gross rev-

enues are classified to the appropriate revenue categories, andtheir gross expenses are classified to the appropriate expensecategories. In the GFSM 1986, operations of market establish-ments are recorded on a net basis. Only cash operating sur-pluses or deficits of departmental enterprises were included asrevenue (entrepreneurial and property income) or expenditure(current transfers) in the GFSM 1986 framework. Because ofthis, the use of unadjusted GFSM 1986 data—as in the case ofreclassifying the historical GFSM 1986 data to the GFSM 2001categories—will understate both revenue and expense.

Social contributions by government asemployer

In the GFSM 2001, social contributions by govern-ment as employer are “rerouted” so that the government isseen paying its employees, who then make payments of thesame amount to the social insurance scheme. As a result,such contributions are not eliminated in consolidation of thegeneral government subsectors. In the GFSM 1986, socialcontributions by government as employer are eliminated inconsolidation of government data, because these transactionswere considered to be between the contributing level of gov-ernment and the social security fund. Because of this, the useof unadjusted GFSM 1986 data—as in the case of reclassify-ing the historical GFSM 1986 data to the GFSM 2001 cate-gories—will understate both revenue and expense.


2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xxi

GUIDE TO COUNTRY TABLESTable A: Sector and Data Availability

Reported SectorsCountry Country Existing Sectors GFS CD-ROM: 156 Countries GFS Yearbook: 124 CountriesCode Sectors Years Sectors Years

512 Afghanistan, I.R. of BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG,LG,GG 2003-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

914 Albania BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1995-2009 GG 2007-2009

612 Algeria BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 1994-2009 BA 2007-2009

213 Argentina BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2004

911 Armenia, Republic of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 2004-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

193 Australia BA,EA,CG,SG,LG,GG CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

122 Austria BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

912 Azerbaijan, Republic of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG CG,LG 1994-2008 BA,LG 2008

313 Bahamas, The BA,SS,CG,GG BA 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

419 Bahrain, Kingdom of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

513 Bangladesh BA,CG,LG,GG BA,CG 2000-2009 BA,CG 2007-2009

316 Barbados BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,GG 2003-2008 BA 2006-2008

913 Belarus BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1992-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

124 Belgium BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

339 Belize BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 1990-1997

638 Benin BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 2001-2009 BA 2007-2009

514 Bhutan BA,CG,GG BA,CG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,GG 2007-2009

218 Bolivia BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2007 CG,SG,LG,GG 2005-2007

963 Bosnia & Herzegovina BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 2004-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

616 Botswana BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,LG 1990-1996

223 Brazil BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

918 Bulgaria BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

748 Burkina Faso BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 2004-2009 BA 2007-2009

618 Burundi BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 1991-1999

522 Cambodia BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,CG 2000-2009 BA,CG 2007-2009

622 Cameroon BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 1990-1999

156 Canada BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

624 Cape Verde BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 2007-2009 BA,CG, LG,GG 2007-2009

626 Central African Rep. BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 2004-2004

228 Chile BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

924 China, P.R.: Mainland BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,LG,GG 1990-2008 BA,CG,LG,GG 2006-2008

Government SectorBA Budgetary Central Government EA Extra-Budgetary Units/EntitiesSS Social Security FundsCG Central Government (consolidated) SG State GovernmentsLG Local GovernmentsGG General Government (consolidated)

For each country listed:• Existing Sectors corresponds to those described in the Institutional Tables

published in this edition of the GFS Yearbook.• Reported Sectors GFS CD-ROM refers to those sectors for which the country has

actually reported data over the period beginning in 1990 (all reported sectorsmay not be available for each year of the series included on the GFS CD-ROM).

• Reported Sectors GFS Yearbook refers to the most recent three-year period forwhich data on the indicated sector(s) are published in the GFS Yearbook.

• The GFS Yearbook only includes countries that have reported data for 2004 orsubsequent years.

For EU countries listed:In line with the presentation adopted within the European Union, data on BAoperations may include the operations of EA.


xxii 2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook

532 China, P.R.: Hong Kong CG,GG CG,GG 2001-2008 CG,GG 2006-2008

546 China, P.R.: Macao BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,GG 1996-2009 BA,EA,CG,GG 2007-2009

233 Colombia BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

636 Congo, Dem. Rep. of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 1990-2002

634 Congo, Republic of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2005

238 Costa Rica BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

662 Cote d'Ivoire BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG 1990-2009 BA,EA,CG 2007-2009

960 Croatia BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1991-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

423 Cyprus BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

935 Czech Republic BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1993-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

128 Denmark BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1998-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

243 Dominican Republic BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG 1990-2008 BA,EA,CG 2006-2008

248 Ecuador BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 1990-1994

469 Egypt BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG, 1990-2009 BA,EA,CG,GG 2007-2009

253 El Salvador BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

642 Equatorial Guinea BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA 2007-2009 BA 2007-2009

939 Estonia BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1991-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

644 Ethiopia BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG 1990-2005

819 Fiji BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,LG 1990-2006 BA 2004-2006

172 Finland BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2008 BA,CG,LG,GG 2006-2008

132 France BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

648 Gambia, The BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG 1990-1993

915 Georgia BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1995-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

134 Germany BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG,GG 2007-2009

652 Ghana BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

174 Greece BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

328 Grenada BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA 1991-1995

258 Guatemala BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,LG 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

656 Guinea BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,CG 1990-1999

268 Honduras BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 2003-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

944 Hungary BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

176 Iceland BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

534 India BA,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,CG,SG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,GG 2007-2009

536 Indonesia BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

429 Iran, Islamic Republic of BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

178 Ireland BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

436 Israel BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

136 Italy BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

343 Jamaica BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1992-2009 BA,CG 2007-2009

158 Japan BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,GG 1990-2009 CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

439 Jordan BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

916 Kazakhstan BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1997-2009 CG,LG,GG 2007-2009



2010, International Monetary Fund : Government Finance Statistics Yearbook xxiii


664 Kenya BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,LG 1990-2009 BA,LG 2007-2009

542 Korea, Republic of BA,EA,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG 1990-2009 CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

443 Kuwait BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA,EA 1997-2010 BA,EA 2008-2010

917 Kyrgyz Republic BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG,LG,GG 1993-2009 BA,LG 2007-2009

544 Lao People's Dem.Rep BA,EA,SS,CG,GG BA 2007-2009 BA 2007-2009

941 Latvia BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1994-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

446 Lebanon BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,CG 1993-2009 BA 2007-2009

666 Lesotho BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG,LG,GG 1990-2008 BA,CG,LG,GG 2006-2008

668 Liberia BA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,SS,CG,LG,GG 2005-2008 BA 2006-2008

946 Lithuania BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1991-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

137 Luxembourg BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,LG,GG 2007-2009

962 Macedonia, FYR BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG 2005-2008 BA,CG,LG,GG 2006-2008

674 Madagascar BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG 1990-2008 CG 2006-2008

548 Malaysia BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG EA,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA 2007-2009

556 Maldives BA,CG,GG BA,CG,GG 1990-2009 BA,CG,GG 2007-2009

678 Mali BA,EA,SS,CG,LG,GG BA 2000-2009 BA 2007-2009

181 Malta BA,EA,CG,LG,GG BA,EA,CG,LG,GG 1990-2009 BA,EA,CG,GG 2007-2009

684 Mauritius BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG BA,EA,SS,CG,SG,LG,GG 1990-2009 CG,SG,LG

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