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Government of the Canary Islands
Tourism and the coastal line: the limits for growth
Faustino García Márquez
UNESCO 1993
UNESCO 2002
UNESCO 2000 UNESCO 2005
4 Biosphere Reserves, 1 Natural heritage of humanity 4 National Parks146 Protected natural areas (41% of the territory)
Areas with european community interest, Special Protection Areas for birds (SPA), Areas of interest for birds
Environmental end economic value of the territory
UNESCO 2007
inhabitants 1900 - 2001 - (2021)
0
250000
500000
750000
1000000
1250000
1500000
1750000
2000000
2250000
2500000
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Canarias Lanzarote Fuerteven
1991-2001: Pájara x 2’8 Fuerteventura x 1’8 Antigua x 2’5 Lanzarote x 1’6 Yaiza x 2’4 Canarias x 1’2 Adeje x 2’3
La Oliva x 2’2
x 10
Tourist demand evolution 1960 - 2005
69.000
821.000
2.521.000
5.605.000
12.000.000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999 2005(ISTAC)
Unlimited growth cycle run out 1960 - 2000
total: 394.680
Economic pressure regular tourism 2003
RETAINING GROWTH
goal: sustainable development = retaining growth
instrument: regional settlement policy
Settlement FrameworkGeneral: natural resources and territory Tourism: dominant economic activity
Precautionary measure: tourist deadline: “moratoria turística” (stopping
authorisations)
approval:Law 19/2003, 14th April
Limits for growth: instruments
SUSTAINABLE TERRITORY
1. SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL SYSTEMurban system, multidimensional and balanced rural profitable system, diversified and preservedinfrastructure and services system equal accesibility
2. CONSUMPTION LIMITATIONcompactness: consumption reduction of new landefficiency: more intensive use of the already used land
3. QUALIFICATIONcomplexity: mixture of uses, groups and typologiesparticipation: in the whole process of settlement and managementenvironmental quality: landscape as settlement goal, residential and historical areas qualification
General settlement framework goals
LIMITING THE LAND CONSUMPTION
1. Reduction of existing land designated for buildingdisqualification of land designated for building not used
2. Limitation of new land designated for buildinggeneral limits: islands / municipalities land designated for building
250 m2 urban + potentially urban/ inhabitantlimit: demography, 10 years building and housingcoastal line: not in 500 metres not occupied coastal line
3. Efficiency and urban recyclingefficiency and compactness: intensive building typologies,
compact and complex traditional urban morphologies, minimum municipal urban densities
maxima: 400 inhab/ha, 1’2 m2c/m2
recycling: priority urban areas low density renovationmaxima: 500 inhab/ha, 1’5 m2c/m2
general settlement framework measures
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
1. SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION MODEL competitiveness: satisfaction (diversification, products)integration: resident population interestqualification: tourist city, tourist offer, destinationsectorial planification and territorial framework
2. RETAINING GROWTHglobal: island/municipality “weigh capacity” temporary: maximum anual rhythm of growth land consumption: disqualification/ no new qualification
3. EFICIENT USE OF BUILT AREASurban rehabilitation: strategies, settlement, managementbuilding renovation: incentives and obligation
Tourism settlement framework goals
RETAINING AND EFFICIENCY
1. Retaining land consumptiondisqualification of land designated for building not usedprohibition of new classification for land designated for building
2. Retaining the tourist offerreduction: expired authorisations and non executed licensestotal limitation: “weigh capacity”temporary limitation: anual rhythm authorisations (triennial law)2003-2006: 0 growth tourist islands
3. Efficiency and urban recyclingurban rehabilitation: building renewal lever effect
previous tourist strategydetailed settlement and coordinated management
buiding renewal: diversification effectincentives: potentially building / transfer of congested areaseconomic and labour incentives programmesobligation: non integrated owners compulsory renovation
Tourism settlement framework measures
Awareness of the limitations/necessities
1. sustainability like a process
changed model (growth culture > limits culture)process: progress and recessions
institutional leadership (assumed / compulsory)social awareness (conformism and demand)
2. policy settlemento like an instrumentregional settlement: frame / reference (essential)effectiveness: effective participation
direct measures (clasification / authorisation)guideline measures (medium/long term)
3. compromise as a necessityinteligent agentscoherent professionalsgeneral interest public servantsdemanding citizens (conviction and pressure)
Limits and limitations
o Thank you for your attention
o Questions?