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Government under the Articles of Confederation 1781
bullA loose alliance of independent statesbullA one-house legislaturebullNo executive or judicial branchesbullOnly states can taxbullStates may coin moneybullNo regulations of trade between statesbullMost Power held by states
Building the Constitution
Problem Solution
The newly formed colonies needed a central government
The Articles of Confederation were adopted as the countryrsquos first constitution
The weak central government created by the Articles led to diplomatic problems with other nations The states began to act as independent countries to protect their trade rights
Delegates at the Constitution Convention adopted the Virginia Plan which proposed the creation of a new federal government
Opponents of the proposed new federal government feared that it would become too powerful
The Constitution divided power between the federal government and the state governments and establish three branches of power in the Federal gov
Constitutional delegates feared that one branch of the federal government would become too powerful
The Constitution gave each branch of federal government the ability to limit the power of the other branches
Delegates realized that the Constitution might need to be changed over time
A system for making amendments was added and the Constitution was ratified
The Federal System
Enumerated Powers
Powers enumerated
To national
Government
for example
Declaring war
ConcurrentPowersPowers concurrent to national and state governments for example the power to tax
Reserved PowersPowers reserved For state GovernmentsFor exampleSetting upEducational system
The Virginia Plan-Edmund Randolf
bull The federal government would have 3 separate branches-Legislative Executive and Judicial
bull Congress would have two houses the House of Representative and the Senate
bull In both houses the representatives from each state would be based on its population
bull Voters in each state would elect the members of the House of Representatives who in turn would choose the members of the Senate from a list of people nominated by state legislature
bull Congress would have all the powers it held under the Articles of Confederation plus the power to make laws for states to override state laws and to force states to obey national laws
bull Congress would choose members of judicial branch as well as a President
The New Jersey Plan- William Patterson
bull All States large or small would have equal number of representatives in Congress( just as they had under the Articles)
bull Congress would consist of only one house to be elected by state legislature rather than directly by people
bull Congress would choose several people to serve in executive branch These people would in turn have the power to appoint members of judicial branch
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
Building the Constitution
Problem Solution
The newly formed colonies needed a central government
The Articles of Confederation were adopted as the countryrsquos first constitution
The weak central government created by the Articles led to diplomatic problems with other nations The states began to act as independent countries to protect their trade rights
Delegates at the Constitution Convention adopted the Virginia Plan which proposed the creation of a new federal government
Opponents of the proposed new federal government feared that it would become too powerful
The Constitution divided power between the federal government and the state governments and establish three branches of power in the Federal gov
Constitutional delegates feared that one branch of the federal government would become too powerful
The Constitution gave each branch of federal government the ability to limit the power of the other branches
Delegates realized that the Constitution might need to be changed over time
A system for making amendments was added and the Constitution was ratified
The Federal System
Enumerated Powers
Powers enumerated
To national
Government
for example
Declaring war
ConcurrentPowersPowers concurrent to national and state governments for example the power to tax
Reserved PowersPowers reserved For state GovernmentsFor exampleSetting upEducational system
The Virginia Plan-Edmund Randolf
bull The federal government would have 3 separate branches-Legislative Executive and Judicial
bull Congress would have two houses the House of Representative and the Senate
bull In both houses the representatives from each state would be based on its population
bull Voters in each state would elect the members of the House of Representatives who in turn would choose the members of the Senate from a list of people nominated by state legislature
bull Congress would have all the powers it held under the Articles of Confederation plus the power to make laws for states to override state laws and to force states to obey national laws
bull Congress would choose members of judicial branch as well as a President
The New Jersey Plan- William Patterson
bull All States large or small would have equal number of representatives in Congress( just as they had under the Articles)
bull Congress would consist of only one house to be elected by state legislature rather than directly by people
bull Congress would choose several people to serve in executive branch These people would in turn have the power to appoint members of judicial branch
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
The Federal System
Enumerated Powers
Powers enumerated
To national
Government
for example
Declaring war
ConcurrentPowersPowers concurrent to national and state governments for example the power to tax
Reserved PowersPowers reserved For state GovernmentsFor exampleSetting upEducational system
The Virginia Plan-Edmund Randolf
bull The federal government would have 3 separate branches-Legislative Executive and Judicial
bull Congress would have two houses the House of Representative and the Senate
bull In both houses the representatives from each state would be based on its population
bull Voters in each state would elect the members of the House of Representatives who in turn would choose the members of the Senate from a list of people nominated by state legislature
bull Congress would have all the powers it held under the Articles of Confederation plus the power to make laws for states to override state laws and to force states to obey national laws
bull Congress would choose members of judicial branch as well as a President
The New Jersey Plan- William Patterson
bull All States large or small would have equal number of representatives in Congress( just as they had under the Articles)
bull Congress would consist of only one house to be elected by state legislature rather than directly by people
bull Congress would choose several people to serve in executive branch These people would in turn have the power to appoint members of judicial branch
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
The Virginia Plan-Edmund Randolf
bull The federal government would have 3 separate branches-Legislative Executive and Judicial
bull Congress would have two houses the House of Representative and the Senate
bull In both houses the representatives from each state would be based on its population
bull Voters in each state would elect the members of the House of Representatives who in turn would choose the members of the Senate from a list of people nominated by state legislature
bull Congress would have all the powers it held under the Articles of Confederation plus the power to make laws for states to override state laws and to force states to obey national laws
bull Congress would choose members of judicial branch as well as a President
The New Jersey Plan- William Patterson
bull All States large or small would have equal number of representatives in Congress( just as they had under the Articles)
bull Congress would consist of only one house to be elected by state legislature rather than directly by people
bull Congress would choose several people to serve in executive branch These people would in turn have the power to appoint members of judicial branch
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
The New Jersey Plan- William Patterson
bull All States large or small would have equal number of representatives in Congress( just as they had under the Articles)
bull Congress would consist of only one house to be elected by state legislature rather than directly by people
bull Congress would choose several people to serve in executive branch These people would in turn have the power to appoint members of judicial branch
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
Checks on the Judicial BranchbullCreates lower federal CourtsbullCan Impeach and remove judgesbullCan propose amendments to overrule judicial decisionsbullApproves appointments of Federal JudgesChecks on the Executive BranchbullCan Override presidential vetobullConfirms executive appointmentsbullRatifies Treatiesbull Can declare warbullAppropriates moneybullCan impeach and remove president
Legislative BranchbullCongress Makes Laws
Executive BranchbullPresident Carries Out Law
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan approve LawsbullCan veto LawsbullCan call special sessions of CongressbullMakes appointments to federal postsbullNegotiates foreign trade
Checks on Judicial BranchbullAppoints federal judgesbullCan pardon federal offenders
Judicial BranchSupreme Court Interprets the Law
Checks on the Executive BranchbullCan declare executive actions unconstitutional
Checks on the Legislative BranchbullCan declare acts of congress unconstitutional
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
Early Political Parties bull Alexander Hamilton John Adams bull Federalists bull 1 Led by merchants bankers and lawyers living primarily in New England
bull 2 Favored a strong central government
bull 3 Interpreted the Constitution loosely 1048774 loose constructionists [ldquoimplied powersrdquo]
bull 4 Believed in a government by the elite educated and wealthy 1048774
bull 5 Anglophiles Pro-England
bull 6Favored Hamiltonrsquos financial policies bull bull upport for the Bank of the US bull America must have credit for industrial development commercial activities and the
operations of government bull Full payment of the national debt
bull 7 Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) in which individual rights could be limited
bull 8 Vision for the US 1048774 trade center industry and self-sufficient nation bull
bull
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
Thomas Jefferson James Madison Democratic-Republicansbull 1 Led by planters farmers and wage earners living primarily in the South and West 1048774 a
decentralized agrarian republic
bull 2 The ldquoideal citizenrdquo 1048774 yeoman farmer
bull 3 Favored strong state governments over a strong national government
bull 4 Interpreted the Constitution literally 1048774 strict constructionists [ldquoenumerated powersrdquo]
bull 5 Rule by the educated masses
bull 6 Francophiles 1048774 Pro-French
bull 7 Bill of Rights was sacred 1048774 passed the VA and KY Resolves
bull 8 Opposed Hamiltonrsquos financial policies [especially against the BUS] 1048774
bull 9 Vision for the US and agricultural society with little trade and industry
