Government & War

• Magna Carta– Written in 1215– King signed to guarantee

important rights to noblemen

• -Established elections of representatives– Parliament: makes laws

with a 2 house legislature• House of Lords/Commons

English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & Parliament

Move toward allowing the people more legal protection

• The colonial leaders shared power

• England did not interfere with colonial affairs

• Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors

• Self-government grew in the colonies

Salutary Neglect

ROYAL GOVERNOR➢ Appointed by King

➢ Oversaw colonial trade➢Final approval on laws

➢ Could dismiss colonial wishes

➢ Appointed by governor➢ Advisory board to governor➢ Acted as high court in colonies

➢ Elected by eligible colonists➢ Made laws➢ Had authority to tax➢ Paid governor’s salary

Governor’s Council Colonial Assembly

French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists)

France established trade alliances with Indians

Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met

France attacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading

area

Albany Plan of Union

• Ben Franklin’s idea– Called to unite the colonies

under a central gov’t

• Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French

– Colonies did not want to give too much power to 1 government– Colonies were jealous to

share their power• Especially to tax

• 1756 - Britain declared war on France – Over land claims in

North America

• William Pitt– British Secretary of

State – Vowed to pay for &

win war at all costs

Treaty of Paris (1763)Pre-War Land Claim Post-War Land Claim

England

France Haiti

Spain

North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian Mtns.Hudson Bay; Newfoundland

N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Florida

Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, Haiti

Florida, Mexico, Cuba N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, Cuba

Pre-War

Post War

After the War• British gov’t tightened control over

the colonies after the war– Contrary to salutary neglect

• Proclamation of 1763– Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry

settlers – Stop all expansion west of the

Appalachian Mts.

• Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests– Military is in charge

• British used soldiers to enforce the law– People could only trade @ designated

points under military supervision

OPTIC