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Governor-Generals of India
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Lord W. Bentick (1833–35):
First Governor-General of India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring
that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by
Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit.
Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of
misgovernment.
Governor-Generals of India (1833-58)
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Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836):
Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (Called Liberator of the Press).
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Lord Auckland (1836–42) :
1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836-42)-great blow to the prestige of the British in India.
Lord Ellenborough (1842–44) :
Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843).
Lord Hardings I (1844–48) : 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845-46) and the Treaty of Lahore
1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereignty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment.
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Lord Dalhousie (1848–56) : Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital.
Administrative Reforms:
Introduced the system of Centralized control in the newly acquired territories known as Bon-Regulation system;
Raised Gurkha regiments. Education Reforms:
Recommended the Thomsonian system of Vernacular education for whole of the North western Provinces (1853);
Wood’s Educational Despatch of 1854 and opening of Anglo-Vernacular Schools and Government Colleges;
An Engineering College was established at Roorkee.
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Public Works:
Started the first railway line in 1853 (connecting Bombay with Thane);
Started electric telegraph service. Laid the basis of the modern postal system (1854); A separate public works department was set up for the
first time; Started work on the Grand Trunk Road and developed the
harbours of Karachi, Bombay and Calcutta. Wars:
Introduced Doctrine of Lapse (Captured Satara - 1848),
Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur(1854);
Fought 2nd Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49) and annexed the whole of the Punjab;
2nd Anglo-Burmese War (1852) and annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu;
Annexation of Berar in 1853; Annexation of Avadh in 1856 on charges of mal-
administration.
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Lord Canning (1856–58) : The last Governor General and first Viceroy of India; Revolt of 1857; Passed the Act of 1858, which ended the rule of the East
India Company. Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse. Mutiny took place in his time.
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Question answer 1. Who was the Governor-General of India during the launch of Civil Disobedience Movement?
(A) Lord Chelmsford (B) Lord Reading (C) Lord Irwin (D) Lord Wavell
Ans – C 2. The Treaty of Sringapatam was between Tipu Sultan and
(A) Cornwallis (B) Clive (C) Hardinge (D) Warren Hastings Ans – A 3. ‘Sati’ pratha was abolished by-
(A) Lord Ripon (B) Warren Hastings (C) Lord Cornwallis (D) William Bentinck Ans – D
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4. Indian Railways and telegraph services were started during the reign of:
(A) Lord Cornwallis (B) Lord Ripon (C) Lord Canning (D) Lord Dalhousie
Ans – D 5. Who among the following is known as the Maker of Modern India?
(A) William Bentinck (B) Lord Cornwallis (C) Lord Curzon (D) Lord Dalhousie
Ans - D 6. Who among the following is known as the Father of Local Self Government in India?
(A)Lord Dalhousie (B)Lord Ripon (C)Lord Minto (D)Lord Reading Ans – B
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7. First governor general of Bengal was
(A) Robert Clive (B) William Bentick (C) Wellesley (D) Warren Hasting
Ans – D
8. Name the first British Governor General of Bengal?
(A) Lord Warren Hasting (B) Lord Mountbatten (C)Lord William Bentinck (D)Lord Canning Ans – A 9. Name the first Governor General of independent India. (A) Lord Warren Hasting (B) Lord Mountbatten (C) Lord William Bentinck (D) Lord Canning Ans- B
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