GOVT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTO)

KUMBAKONAM

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

PG CBCS 2008-09

Semester Course Title Instruction

Hours/Cycle

Credit Marks Total

Int Ext

I

CCI Classical Dynamics and

Relativity

6 5 25 75 100

CCII Mathematical Physics I 6 5 25 75 100

CC III Statistical Mechanics 6 5 25 75 100

CCIV Practical I General

Experiments

6 5 40 60 100

EC I Electronics 6 4 25 75 100

Total 30 24 500

II

CCV Mathematical physics II 6 5 25 75 100

CCVI Quantum mechanics 6 5 25 75 100

CCVII Practical II Electronics 6 5 40 60 100

ECII C++ Programming 6 4 25 75 100

EDCI Laser and its applications 3 2 25 75 100

EDCII Astrophysics 3 2 25 75 100

Total 30 23 600

III

CC VIII Atomic and Molecular

Physics

6 5 25 75 100

CCIX Electro Magnetic Theory 6 5 25 75 100

CCX Nuclear and Particle Physics 6 5 25 75 100

CCXI Communication Electronics 6 5 25 75 100

CCXII Practical III Advanced

Electronics I

6 5 40 60 100

Total 30 25 500

IV CCXIII Condensed Matter Physics 6 6 25 75 100

CCXIV Practical IV Advanced

Electronics II

6 6 40 60 100

Project 18 6 20 80 100

Total 30 18 300

Total Hours -120

Credit -90

Marks -1900

M.Sc., Physics-Syllabus

CCI-CLASSICAL DYNAMICS AND RELATIVITY

UNIT-I :

Fundamental Principles and Lagrangian Formulation:

Mechanics of a particle and system of particles –Conservation laws-Constraints-

Generalized coordinates –D’Alember’s principle and Lagrange’s equation-Hamiltonian

Principle –Lagrange’s equation of motion

UNIT-II :

Lagrangian formulation : Applications

a.)Rigid body dynamics

Euler angles-Moments and products of inertia-Euler’s equations-Symmetrical top.

b.)Oscillatory Motion

Theory of small oscillations-Normal modes and frequencies-Two coupled

harmonic oscillators

Wave motion-Wave equation-Phase velocity-group velocity-Dispersion

UNIT III:

Hamilton’s Formulation

Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion-Hamilton’s equations from variational

principle-Principle of least action-Canonical transformations-Poisson brackets-Hamilton-

Jacobi method.

UNIT-IV :

Nonlinear Dynamics

Dynamical systems- mathematical implications of nonlinearity- definition and

defects of non linearity- regular and chaotic motion-linear and nonlinear oscillators,

phase trajectories- fixed points and limit cycles-period doubling bifurcation and onset of

chaos in logistic map-solitons-experiments of Kruskal and Zabusky on Kdv equation-

block diagram of IST and description.

UNIT V:

Relativity

Review of basic ideas of special theory of relativity- energy momentum four

vector- Minkowski’s four dimensional space-four and energy equations in relativistic

mechanics-Lagrangian formulation in relativistic mechanics-Invariance of Maxwell’s

equations under Lorentz transformation.

BOOKS FOR STUDY

1. Classical Dynamics-Gupta Kumar

2. Classical Dynamics-Sathya Prakash

3. Non linear dynamics-M.Lakshmanan

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE

Relevant chapters in

1. H.GOLDSTEIN, Classical mechanics, Narosa Book distributors, New

Delhi(1980)

2. N.C. RANA and P.S.JOAG, Classical mechanics, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New

Delhi

CCII – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I

UNIT I: Vector Fields

Gauss theorem, green’s theorem, Stoke’s theorem and applications- Orthogonal

Curvilinear coordinates-Expression for Gradient, Divergence, Curl and Laplacian in

cylindrical and spherical coordinates.

UNIT II: Vector spaces

Definitions-Linear independence and linear dependence of vectors-Schmitt

Orthogonalisation process-Schwartz inequality.

Tensors

Transformation of coordinates – Summation convention - Contravariant,

Covariant, mixed tensors and Invariant tensors- Rank of a tensor - Symmetric and

antisymmetric tensor – contraction of tensor – Metric tensor.

UNIT III : Matrix theory:

Solution of linear algebraic equations – Rank of a matrix – Characteristics

equation of a matrix – Eigen values and Eigen vectors – Cayley – Hamilton theorem –

Reduction of a matrix to diagonal form – Hermitian and unitary matrices – Direct sum

and products of matrices – Sylvester’s theorem – Function of matrices.

UNIT IV : Ordinary Differential Equations

Linear ordinary differential equations – Elementary methods – Linear second

order differential equations with variable coefficients – Frobenius method – Variation of

parameters Sturm – Liouville differential equation.

UNIT V: Partial Differential Equations

Method of forming partial differential equations – Solutions by direct integration

– Method of separation of Variables – Special types of differential equations arising in

Physics – Diffusion equation – Wave equation.

BOOKS FOR STUDY :

1. Mathematical Physics-B.D. Guptha

2. Mathematical Physics- Sathya Prakash

3. Mathematical Physics- P.K. Chattpadhay

4. Mathematical Physics- A.K. Ghattak.T.C.Goyal&S.J.Chua

5. Matrices & Tensors in Physics – A.w.Joshi.

Books for reference

Relevant chapters in

1. G.ARFKEN and H.J. WEBER, Mathematical Methods for Pyhsicists 4th

ed

prism Books, Bangalore(1995)

2. M.D. GREENBERG,Advanced engineering mathematics, 2nd

edition

International ed Prentice- Hall international,NJ(1998)

3. E.Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th

ed.Wiley,NY,(1999).

CCIII STATISTICAL MECHANICS

UNIT I: Thermodynamics

Energy and First law of thermodynamics – heat content and heat capacity –

Specific heat – entropy and the second law of thermodynamics – thermodynamic

potentials and the reciprocity relations – Maxwell’s relation – Properties of

thermodynamic relations – Gibb’s Helmholtz relation – thermodynamic equilibrium –

Nernst Heat theorem.

UNIT II : Kinetic theory

Distribution function and its evolution – Boltzmann ‘stransport equation and its

validity – Boltzmann’s H – theorem – Maxwell – Boltzmann ‘s distribution – Transport

phenomena – Mean free path.

UNIT III : Classical Statistical Mechanics

Introduction – Phase space and ensembles – Density function – Liouville’s

theorem – Maxwell – Boltzmann distribution law – Micro canonical ensemble – Ideal gas

– Entropy – Partition function – Principle of equipartition of energy – Canonical and

grand canonical ensemble.

UNIT IV : Quantum Statistical Mechanics

Basic Concepts – Bose – Einstein and Fermi – Dirac Statistics – Distribution laws

– Equations of state – Bose – Einstein condensation.

UNIT V: Applications of Q.S.M.

Ideal Bose gas: Photons – Black body and planck radiation – Photons – Specific

heat of solids – Liquid Helium.

Ideal Fermi gas : Properties – Degeneracy – Electron gas – Pauli paramagnetism

Books for study Relevant Chapters in

1. Fundamental of Statistical and thermal Physics – FREDERIC REIF.

2. Statistical Mechanics – Guptha Kumar & Sharma

3. Statistical Mechanics – Sathya Prakash & Agarwal.

Books for reference:

1. Statistical Mechanics (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi,1963) – K.HUANG

2. Statistical Mechanics (Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi,1994) –

B.K.AGARWAL and M.EISNER.

3. Thermodynamics (Narosa, New Delhi,1989)- N. SEARS and L.SALINGER

4. Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (Springer, New York, 1995)-

W. GREINER, L. NEISE and H. STOCKER.

CCIV GENERAL EXPERIMENTS

ANY 12 EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of q,, - Elliptical Fringes.

2. Determination of q,, - Hyperbolic Fringes.

3. Determination of Stefan’s Constant.

4. Hartmann’s Formula – Wavelength calculation.

5. Lecher wire – Dielectric constant determination.

6. e/m – Magnetron method

7. e/m – Thomson method.

8. Plank’s constant – Photoelectric effect.

9. Biprism – Wavelength determination – scale and Telescope method.

10. Spectrometer – Hydrogen Spectrum – Rydberg’s Constant.

11. Spectrometer – Polarisability of liquids.

12. Spectrometer – Charge of an electron.

13. Biprism – Determination of Refractive index.

14. Polarimeter – Determination of Specific rotatory power of a liquid.

15. Four probe method – Determination of resistivities of the given samples.

16. Forbe’s method – Determination of thermal conductivity.

17. Michelson’s interferometer – Determination of Wavelength of monochromatic

source.

18. B-H loop – Energy loss of the magnetic material – Anchor ring using BG.

19. Determination of L of a coil using Anderson’s method.

ECI-ELECTRONICS

UNIT I: IC Fabrication and Operational amplifier

Basic monolithic Ics- epitaxial growth- masking- etching-impurity diffusion-

Fabricating monolithic resistors ,diodes, Transistors, inductors and capacitors – circuit

layout – contacts and interconnections. Op- amp characteristics – Inverting and non

inverting amplifier – voltage follower – summing and Difference amplifier – integrating

and differential circuits – log and antilog amplifiers – Op – amp as Comparator – active

filters – low pass, high pass, band pass and band Rejection filters – solving simultaneous

and differential equations.

UNIT II: Op – amp Applications (Oscillators and Convertors)

Wien bridge, Phase shift Oscillators and twin-T oscillators – triangular, Saw –

tooth and square wave generators – Schmitt’s trigger – Sample and Hold circuits –

voltage control oscillator – phase locked loops – basic D to A conversion: weighted

resister DAC – binary R-2R ladder DAC – basic A to D Conversion: counter type ADC –

successive approximation converter – dual slope ADC.

UNIT III: Microprocessor architecture and software programs

8085 Microprocessor architecture – various registers – central processing unit of

micro computers – timing and control unit – instruction and data flow – system timings –

examples – Instruction set – Data transfer group – logical group – branch group – stack

and I/O control instructions – addressing modes.

BCD arithmetic programs – searching and array of a given number – choosing the

biggest and smallest numbers from a list – ascending and descending orders – square root

of a Microprocessor number – Time delay – square wave generator.

UNIT IV: Interfacing memory and I/O devices

Interfacing memory and devices – I/O and memory mapped I/O – Type of

Interfacing devices – Data transfer schemes – Programmed and DMA data transfer

schemes – programmable peripheral interface(8255A) – 8253 Timer Interface –DMA

controller – Programmable Interrupt controller(8259) –Programmable communication

Interface(8251).

UNIT V: Microwaves and Colour Television

Microwave generation and applications

Klystron – Magnetron – Microwave propagation through wave guides – Crystal

detection – measurement of SWR – Transmitters and receivers.

Colour Television

Introduction – Perception – Three colour theory – luminescence – TV camera –

Image Orthicon – Vidicon – LCD Colour Television.

BOOKS FOR STUDY

Relevant chapters in

1. J.MILMAN and C.C. HALKIAS, Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill

(1972).

2. R.P. JAIN,Integrated Electronics, Mc Graw Hill.

3. B. RAM, Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Micro

computers(Dhanapet Rai and sons, New Delhi, 1995).

4. R. R. GULATI, Monochrome and Colour Television(Wiley Eastern, New

Delhi, 1995).

Books for reference

1. R.A. GAYAKWAD,OpAmps and linear integrated circuits, printice

Hall India pvt Ltd(1999).

2. G. KENNEDY, Electronic communication system, Tata Mc Graw

Hill Ltd, New Delhi(1995).

3. R. GOANKAR, Microprocessor architecture, programming and

applications (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1985).

CCV – MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS – II

UNIT I: Complex Analysis

Functions of complex variables – Differentiability – Cauchy Riemann conditions

– Complex integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula – Taylor’s and

Laurent’s Series – Residues and Singularities – Cauchy’s residue theorem – Evaluation of

definite integrals.

UNIT II: Integral Transforms

Fourier series – Drichlet’s conditions – Determination of Fourier Coefficients –

Fourier integrals – Fourier transforms – Faltung theorem – Application to heat and wave

equations – Laplace transform – Convolution theorem – solution of ordinary differential

equations.

UNIT III: Green’s Function Techniques and Integral Equations

Green’s Function – Properties – Methods of solutions in one dimension –

Applications – Linear integral equations – Fredholm and Volterra type – Neumann series

– Eigen function expansion – Applications.

UNIT IV: Special Functions

Gamma and Beta functions – Sturm Liouville problem – Legendre, associated

Legendre, Bessel, Laugerre and Hermite Differential equations: Series solutions –

Rodriguez formula – generating functing – Orthogonality relations – important

recurrence relations.

UNIT V: Group Theory

Basic definitions – Multiplication table – sub groups, cosets and classes – direct

product groups – point groups – space groups – representation theory – Homomorphism

and isomorphism – reducible and irreducible representations – Schur ‘s Lemma – the

great

Orthogonality theorem – character table – C3v and D3h as examples – elementary ideas

of rotation groups.

BOOKS FOR STUDY

1. Mathematical methods for Physicists & Engineers – Joshi

2. Mathematical Physics – Sathya Prakash

3. Mathematical Physics – B.D. Gupta

4. A.W. JOSHI, Elements for Group Theory of Physicists (Wiley Eastern, New

Delhi,1971)

Relevant chapters in

Books for reference:

1. L.A. PIPES and L.R. HARVILL, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and

Physicists(Mc Graw Hill, Singapore,1970)

2. E. KREYSZIG, Advanced Engineering Mathematics(Wiley Eastern, New

Delhi,1983)

3. G. ARFKEN and H.J. WEBER, Mathematical Methods for Physicists (Prism

Books, Bangalore

4. A.K. GHATAK, I.C. GOYAL and A.J.CHUA, Mathematical Physics

(McMillan, New Delhi,1995)

5. P.K. CHATTTOPADHYAY,Mathematical Physics(Wiley Eastern, New

Delhi, 1990)

6. W.W. BELL, Special functions for Scientists and Engineers (Van Nostrand,

New York, 1968)

CCVI – QUATUM MECHANICS

UNIT I: Schroedinger Equation and General Formulation

Schroedinger Equation – Physical meaning and conditions on the wave function –

Expectation values and Ehrenfest’s theorem – Hermitian operators and their properties –

Commutatos relations – Uncertainty relation – Bra and Ket vectors – Hilbert space –

Schrodinger, Heisenberg and interaction pictures.

UNIT II: Exactly Solvable Systems

Linear harmonic oscillator – Solving the one dimensional Schrodinger equation –

Abstract operator method – Particle in a box – Square well potential – Rectangular barrier

potential – Rigid rotator – Hydrogen atom.

UNIT III: Approximation Methods

Time independent perturbation theory: Non-degenerate perturbation and to tunneling

problem and quantization rules.

Time dependent perturbation theory: Harmonic perturbation – transition probability.

UNIT IV: Scattering theory and Angular momentum

Scattering theory: Scattering cross section – green’s function approach – Born

approximation – Partial wave analysis.

Angular momentum: Matrix representation of J – Spin angular momentum – Eigen

values – addition of angular momenta – Clebsch – Gordan coefficients (basic ideas only).

UNIT V: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Klein – Gordon equation for a free particle and in an electromagnetic field –

partial wave solutions – Dirac equation for a free particle – charge and current densities –

Dirac matrices – plane wave solutions – Negative energy states – spin angular

momentum – spin – orbit coupling

BOOKS FOR STUDY

1. P.M. MATHEWS and K. VENKATESAN, A text book of Quantum

mechanics, (Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,1987).

2. Quantum mechanics – Gupta Kumar

3. Quantum mechanics – Sathya Prakash

4. Theory & Problems of Quantum mechanics – Schaum outline series.

Books for reference

1. L. SCHIFF, Quantum mechanics (Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi,1968).

2. V. K. THANKAPPAN,Quantum mechanics(Wiley – Eastern, New

Delhi,1985)

3. J. SINGH, Quantum mechanics: Fundamentals and applications to

technology(John –Wiley, New York, 1997)

4. A. GOSWAMI, Quantum mechanics (W.C. Brown, Dubuque, 1992).

CCVII – ELECTRONICS EXPERIMENTS

ANY 12 EXPERIMENTS

1. Construction of Power Supply – Bridge rectifier.

2. Feed – back Amplifier.

3. Darlington Pair Amplifier.

4. Phase – shift oscillator.

5. Characteristics of UJT.

6. Common Source FET Amplifier.

7. Relaxation Oscillator – UJT.

8. Operational Amplifier – Parameters (Input impedance, Output impedance, Offset

voltage).

9. Operational Amplifier – Parameters (Inverting, Non inverting, Unit gain and

closed loop gain)

10. Operational Amplifier – Summing and Difference Amplifiers.

11. Operational Amplifier – Differentiating and integrating circuits.

12. Dual Power supply – Construction.

13. Bistable Multivibrator.

14. Common Drain FET amplifier.

15. Wein’s bridge oscillator.

16. SCR characteristics.

17. Operational amplifier filters.

18. DIAC, TRIAC Characteristics.

ELECTIVE COURSE II – PROGRAMMING IN C++

UNIT I

Principles of object oriented programme (OOP) – software evolution – object

oriented programming paradigm – Basic concepts of oop’s – Benefits fo oop’s.

Introduction to C++ - tokens – keyword’s – identifiers – variables – operators –

Manipulators Expressions.

UNIT II

Control structures in C++ - functions in C++ - Main function – Function

prototyping – Call by Reference – Return by reference – Function Overloading –

Friend and virtual functions.

UNIT III

Classes and objects : Species – passing object as Function arguments – Friend

functions – Constant Member functions – special member functions Constructors

- Destructors – Operator Overloading – Rules for Overloading operator – type

conversions

UNIT IV

Inheritance: Single Inheritance – multilevel Inheritance – Multiple Inheritance –

Hierarchical Inheritance.

Pointers – Virtual functions and polymorphism – Managing console I/O operators.

Working with Files: Classes for file stream operators – Opening and closing a file –

End – of – file, deduction – file pointers updation a file Handling during file

operations – Command line arguments.

UNIT V: Programs

1. Arranging words in alphabetical order.

2. Picking Largest and smallest of a set of numbers

3. Solving Quadratic equation

4. Multiplication of two square matric

5. Least square curve fitting

6. Integration – Simpson’s rule

7. To find the determinant of a matric

8. To find the inverse of a matric

9. Solution of differential equation by runge Kutta 11th

order method

10. To solve simultaneous equations by Gauss Elimation method

Books for study and reference:

1. Object oriented programming in C++ E. Balagurusamy

Non Major Elective Course -LASER AND APPLICATIONS

UNIT I:

Lasers- Characteristic properties – Directionality – intensity – Monochromaticity

– Coherence – Principles of lasers – Absorption – Spontaneous emission – Stimulated

emission – Einstein’s theory of stimulated emission – Population inversion – Methods of

achieving population inversion – Schawlow and Townes Threshold condition.

UNIT II:

Types of lasers – Solid state lasers – Ruby laser – Construction and working –

Semiconductor – GaAs Laser – Advantages – Gas lasers – He –Ne laser – Working

principle – Energy level diagram – Argon ion laser – Helium cadmium laser – Molecular

gas laser – CO2 laser – Principle – Construction and working.

UNIT III:

Continuous wave and pulsed lasers – Nd – YAG laser – Tunable laser – Q

switching – Mode locking – Frequency doubling – Laser materials – Preparation and

testing.

UNIT IV:

Application of lasers – Interferometry – Testing of optical systems – Holography

– Lasers in communication – In computers – Weapons –Medical applications – Industrial

applications.

Books for study and reference:

1. Lasers and their applications Beesley, Taylor and Francis, London

2. Lasers principles and applications J.Wilson, J.F.B.Hawkers, Prentice Hall, 1987

Non Major Elective Course– ASTROPHYSICS

UNIT – I:

Structure of the solar system – Data on planets and orbits – Planetary cosmology

– Laplace hypothesis – Jean’s hypothesis – Schmidt’s theory – First and second stage of

evolution – Origin of proto- Planetary cloud – Composition of planets.

UNIT – II:

Eclipses – Solar – Lunar – Asteroids, Meteoroids and Comets – Structure of

comets – Internal constitution of the earth – Age of the earth.

UNIT III:

Cosmology: Galactic structure and Kinenatics – Galary –Elements of cosmology

– Cosmology from general relativity – Red shift – Hubble constant and age crisis –

Steady stat universe.

Books for study and reference:

1. Astronomy and Astro physics with V.B.Bhatia, Narosa publishing house, 2001

Elements of cosmology

2. A different approach to cosmology F.Hoyle, G.Burbidge & J.V. Narlikar,

Cambridge University

CCVIII – ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

UNIT- I : Atomic Spectra

Quantum states of electron in atoms – Hydrogen atom spectrum – Electron spin –

Stern – Gerlach experiment – Spin orbit interaction – Two electron systems – LS – JJ

coupling schemes – Fine structure – Spectroscopic terms and selection rules –

Hyperfine structure – Exchange symmetry of wave functions – Pauli’s exclusion

principle – Periodic table – Alkali type spectra – Equivalent electrons – Hund’s rule.

UNIT –II: Atoms in external fields and Quantum Chemistry

Quantum chemistry of molecules: Covalent, ionic and Waals instructions – Born

Oppenheimer approximation – Heitler – London and molecular orbital theories of H2

– Bonding and anti bonding – MOS Hartee fock equation self consistent field –

Huckel’s molecules approximation – Application to Butadiene and Benzene.

UNIT – III: Microwave and IR Spectroscopy

Rotational spectra of diatomic molecule – Non rigid rotator – Rotational spectra

of polyatomic molecules – linear and symmetric top molecules – Experimental

techniques vibrating diatomic molecule – Diatomic vibrating rotator – Linear and

symmetric top molecules analysis by IR techniques – Experimental techniques of

microwave spectroscopy – Inversion spectrum of ammonia.

UNIT – IV: Raman Spectroscopy and Electronic spectroscopy of molecules

Raman Spectroscopy: Raman effect – Quantum theory of Raman effect –

Rotational and vibration Raman shifts of Diatomic Molecules – Selection rules –

Experimental techniques of Raman Spectroscopy – Laser as a Raman source.

Electronic spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules – The Frank

Condon principle – Dissociation energy and dissociation products – Rotational fine

structure of electronic vibration transistions.

UNIT – V: Resonance Spectroscopy

NMR: Basic principles – Classical and Quantum mechanical description – Bloth

equations – Spin – spin and spin lattice relaxation times – Chemical shift and

coupling constant- Experimental methods – single coil and double coil methods –

high resolution methods.

ESR: Basic principles – ESR spectrometer – Nuclear interaction and hyperfine

structure – Relaxation Effects – G factor – Characteristics – Free radical and

biological applications.

Massbauer Spectroscopy and its applications.

Books for Reference:

Relevent Chapters in

1. Fundamentals of molecular Spectroscopy C. N. Banwell McGraw Hill Newyork,

2. Spectroscopy Vol.I –B.P. Straughan & S.Walker Chapman and Hall, Newyork,

1976.

3. The feyman lectures on physics vol.III – R.P.Feynmanetal Narosa, New Delhi

1989

4. Introduction to modern iPhysics – H.S. Mani & G.K. Metha, Affiliated East west,

New Delhi

5. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry A.K. Chandra, Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi

6. High Resolution NMR – Pople Schneiduer &Berstein, McGraw Hill New York.

7. Atomic Structure and Chemical bond – Manas Chanda

8. Quantum Chemistry – Ira N. Leyine Pretic – Hall New Delhi, 1994

9. Concepts of modern Physics – Arthur Beiser, McGraw Hill New York, 1995

10. Atomic Spectra – White

11. Spectroscopy Vol.I – L. Straughan & Walker

12. Quantum Chemistry B.K. Sen

Books for study

1. Spectroscopy – Aruldoss

2. Spectroscopy – R. Chang

CC IX – ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

UNIT – I: Static Electric fields

Introduction – Columb’s law – Electric field – Electric flux density – Gauss law

with applications – Electrostatic potential and Equipotential surfaces – Boundary

conditions for electrostatic fields – Capacitance and capacitors – Electrostatic energy and

energy density – Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations – Uniqueness Theorem – Method of

images – Electrostatic boundary value problems.

UNIT – II: Static Magnetic fields

Introduction – Biot – Savart law and its application – Ampere’s Circuital law and

its application – Magnetic flux density – Magnetic scalar and vector potentials – Bountry

condition Magnetic fields – Inductance and Inductor – Energy stored in Magnetic field.

UNIT – III: Time varying field & Maxwell’s Equations

Introduction – Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction – Maxwell’s equations

– Boundary conditions doe electromagnetic fields – Time harmonic fields.

UNIT – IV: Electromagnetic Waves

Invariance of Maxwell’s equations – The Helmholtz equation – Plane waves in

Lossless medium – Plane waves in a lossy medium – pointing Vector and Power Flow in

Electromagnetic Fields – Polarisation of plane wave – Behaviour of

Plane waves at the interface of two media.

UNIT – V: Fundamentals of Antennas and Radiating Systems

Introduction – Fundamentals of Radiation – Radiated field of and Herzian dipole

– Basic Antenna Parameters – Half wave dipole Antenna – Quarter wave Monopole

Antenna – Small Loop Antennas – Introduction to Antenna Arrays

Books for study

Relevant chapters in

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics - David j. griffiths

2. Electromagnetic theory - Umesh sinha

3. Electromagnetic theory -Dr.P.P. Gupta

4. Electromagnetic theory -Chopra & Agrawal

5. Electromagnetic theory -B.B. Laud

6. Electromagnetic theory -Sathya Prakash

Books for Reference

1.Classical Electrodynamics – J.D. Jackson (2nd

Ed) John Wiley & Sons

2.E.M. Waves & Radiating Systems –E.C.Jordon &Keith G.Balmeun

3.E.M. fields, Web course of national program on technology enhance learning by

prof.R.Battacharjee.

CCX – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

UNIT –I: Basic Nuclear properties

Nuclear size, shape mass – charge distribution – spin and parity – Binding

energy – semiemprical mass formula – Nuclear stability – Mass parabola – Nature

of nuclear forces – Ground state of Deutron – Magnetic dipole moment of

Deutron – Proton – Neutron scattering at low energies – Effective range theory –

parital wave analysis – Scattering length, phase shift – properties of nuclear forces

– spin dependence – charge symmetry – charge independence – Repulsion at short

distance – Exchange forces – Meson theory

UNIT – II: Radioactive decays

Alpha emission – Giger – Nuttal law –Gamow’s theory – Neutrino

hypothesis – Fermi theory of beta decay – Curie point – Energies of beta spectrum

selection rules – Non conversation of parity –Gemma emission selection rules –

Transition probability – Internal conversion – Nuclear isomerism.

UNIT –III: Nuclear models

Q- values and kinematics of nuclear cross sections – Energy and angular

dependence – Reciprocity theorem – Breit Formula – Compound nucleus –

Resonance theory – Shell model – Liquid drop model.

UNIT – IV: Nuclear Reactors

Cyclotron – Synchrocyclotron – Synchrotron – Linear accelerators –

Characteristics of fission – Mass distribution of fragments – Radioactivity decay

process – Fission cross section – Energy in fission – Bohr Wheeler theory of

nuclear Fission – Fission reactors – Homogeneous reactors – Basic fusion

process –Characteristics of Fusion – Laser fusion – Plasma confinement.

UNIT – V: Elementary particles

Building blocks of nucleus – Nucleons, leptons, mesons, baryons,

hyperons, strange hadrons – Classification of fundamental forces and elementary

particles – Basic conservation laws – Additional conservation laws Baryonic

leptonic, strangeness and isospin charges – Quantum numbers – Gell – Mann –

Nishijima formula – Multiples – invariance under time reveals(T) charge

conjugation(C) nad parity (P) – TCP theorem – parity and conservation in weak

interactions – CP violation – Fold way and super multiples – SU (3) symmetry.

Books for Study and reference:

Relevant Chapters in ,

1. Introductory Nuclear Physics – K.S. Krane,John -Wiley, New York, 1987

2. Nuclear Physics an introduction – S.B.Patem,Wiley Eastern, New Delhi 1991

3. Concepts of Nuclear Physics – B.L. Cohen, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 1998

4. Nuclear Physics – H.S. Hans , New Age international Publishers, New Delhi

5. Elementary Particle Physics an introduction –D.C. Cheng &G.K. O’Neill,

Addition – Wesely, 1979

6. Introduction to elementary Particles – D. Giffits,Wiley particles international New

York 1987

7. The Atomic Nucleus – R.D. Evans, Tata McGraw Hill

8. Basic Nuclear Physics - D.N. Srivastava, Experimental and Theoretical Pragati

Prakashan, Meerut

9. Basic Nuclear Physics - D.C. Tayal

10. Nuclear Physics – Roy & Nigam, Wiley Eastern

11. Nuclear Physics – Sharma Pandya & Yadav

12. Nuclear Physics – S.K. Pandey.

COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS

UNIT I: Transmission systems

Antennas:

Thin linear – Nonresonant antenna – loop antenna – Radiatioon fields –

polarization – Isotropic radiator – power gain – Effective parameters of an antenna –

Dipole arrayed antenna – VHF, UHF and microwave antennas.

UNIT II: Modulation Techniques

Modulation – Demodulation – Principle of amplitude , frequency and phase

modulation – simple circuit of coherent systems – Requirements of semiconductor lasers.

UNIT III: Fibre Structure and properties

Fibre structure – Fiber materials – Fiber fabrication – Mechanical properties of

fibers – Attenuation – Single distortion in optical waveguides – mode coupling

UNIT IV: Satellite communications

Ground station – Antenna,angle of elevation and transmission path – Height of

Geostation orbits – Problems – satellite works – Frequency allocation and polarization –

Various blocks of equipment about the satellite – Transmit and receive contour – Block

diagram of network control station(NCS) – Interconnecting telephone traffic between

remote stations.

UNIT V:Cellular communications

Basic ideas of Cellular network – Operational principles of WDM – the 2*2 fiber

Coupler – Fiber grating filters – Erbium Doped fiber Amplifiers – Amplications

mechanism – EDFA architecture – perfornmance of WDM+EDFA systems – Link

BANwidth – Optical power requirements for a specific BER – Cross talk – Optical

CDMA.

Books for study and reference

1. Optical fiber Communication – G.Keiser, McGraw Hill – New Delhi 1991

2. Understanding of fiber optics – J.Heeht,Sams Publishing BPB,1997

3. Optical fiber Communications – Principles and practice – J.M. Senior,

Prentice Hall, New Delhi 1996

4. Fiber Optics technology and applications – S.D.Personick,Khanna

Publishers, New Delhi 1996

5. Communication systems and techniques – M>Schwarits, W.R.Bannet

6. Electronic devices and circuits – J.Millman & C.Halkias. McGrawHill

Singapore 1972

7. Electronic communication system – G.Kennedy, Tata McGrawHill

-New Delhi 1995

8. Electronic communication – D. Roddy and Coolen

CONDENSED MATER PHYSICS

UNIT I: Lattice vibrations and Thermal properties

Vibrations of monoatomic lattice – lattices with two atoms per primitive cell-

Quantization of lattice vibrations – Phonon momemtum – Inelastic scattering of neutrons

by phonons –lattice heat capacity – Einstein model – Density of modes in one dimensions

and three dimensions – Debye model of the lattice heat capacity – Thermal conductivity –

Umpklapp process.

UNIT II: Free electron theory, Energy bands and semiconductor crystals

Energy levels and density of orbitals – Fermi Dirac distributions – Free electron

gas in three dimensions – heat capactity of electron gas – electrical conductivity and

Ohm’s law – motion in magnetic fields – Hall effect – Thermal conductivity of metals –

Nearly free electron model – Electron in periodic potential – Semiconductors – Bandgap

– effective mass – intrinsic carrier concentration.

UNIT III: Diamagnetism,Paramagnetism,Ferromagnetism and Antiferro

magnetism

Langevin classical theory of Diamagnetism and Paramagnetrrism – Weisss theory

– Quantum theory of paramagnetism – Demagnetisation of a paramagneti salt –

Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons – Hund’s rule – Konda effect –

Ferromagnetic order – Curie point and Exchange integral – temperature dependence of

saturation magnetization – magnons –ferromagnetic domains – orgin of domains –

coercive force – and hysterisis – Antiferromagnetic order.

UNIT IV:Dielectics and Ferroelecrics

Macroscopic electric field – Local electric field at an atom – Dielectric constant

and polarizablity – Classius Mossati equation – Polarization catastrophe – Ferroelectric

Domains.

UNIT V: Super conductivity

Occuerence of superconductivity – Meissnerr effect – Thermodynamics of

superconducting transition – London equation – Coherence length – BCS theory – flux

quantization -Type I and Type II superconductors – superconductor tunneling – DC and

AC Josephson effect.

SQUID:

Recent developments in high temperature superconductivity – applications of

Superconductors.

Books for study and reference

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics – C.Kittel Wiley Eastern New Delhi.

2. Solid State Physics – N.W.Ashorof & N.D.Mermin, ?Half ,Rineharf & Winston

Philadelphia

3. Solid Stte Physics – J.S.Blakemore, Cambridge University press

4. Solid State Physics – A.J.Dekker, Mc Millan Madras 1971

5. An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography – M.M. Woolfron, Cambridge

University Press 1991

6. Solid State Physics – S.O.Pillai, New Age international, New Delhi 1995

7. Solid State Physics – Singhal

8. Solid State Physics – Gupta, Kumar and Sharma.

CC XIII-PRACTICAL-III

ADVANCED ELECTRONICS I

1. Logic gates - Universality of NAND and NOR gates using Ics.

2. Verification of Demorgan’s theorem and Boolean expressions

3. Astable, monosteble multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using IC 555.

4. Construction of dual regulated Power supply.

5. Half and full wave precision rectifier using IC 741.

6. Quincke’s method - Determination Susceptiblity.

7. Digital to Analog convertor – Binary Weighted network method.

8. Study the function multiplexer and demultiplexer (1:8,1:4,8:1,4:1)

9. Study the function of Decoders and Encoders.

10. Flip flops – Clocked RS, Clocked D and RS flip flop.

11. Half adder and full adder (using NAND and NOR only)

12. Half Subtractor and full subtractor (using NAND and NOR only)

13. Digital comparator(using NAND and NOR only)

14. BCD seven segment display

15. Study of counter using IC 74900 (0-9 & 0-99)

16. DIAC & TRIAC characteristics.

17. Solving simultaneous equations.

18. Verification of Karnugh maps – Reduction & logic circuit implementation.

19. Set IC 7490 as a Scalar.

20. Ultrasonic Interferrometer.

CC XIV – PRACTICAL IV

ADVANCED ELECTRONICS II

A. Microproceesor practical

1. 8 Bit addition, subtraction,multiplication and division using 8085.

2. 16 bit addition,2’s complement and 1’s complement subtraction using 8085.

3. Conversion from decimal to octal and hexa systems.

4. Conversion from octal,hexa to decimal systems.

5. Largest and smallest element of N numbers.

6. Ascending and Descending order of N numbers using 8085.

7. Square, square root and factorial of a given number using 8085.

8. Sudy of DAC interfacing.

9. Study of ADC interfacing.

10. Traffic control system using microprocessor.

11. Stepper motor control using microprocessor.

B.Computer practicals by C++ programming

1. Roots of algebric equations – Newton Raphson method

2. Least square curve fitting – Straight line

3. Lagrangian interpolation method

4. Numerical intergration – Trapezoidal rule.

5. Numerical intergration – Simpdon’s rule.

6. Numerical integration – Euler’s rule.

7. Solution of differential equations – Runge Kutta 2nd

order method.

8. Solution of differential equations – Runge Kutta 4th

order method

9. Calculation of Hartmann,s constant.

10. Transpose of matrix.