GR 101 DESIGN & INSTALLATION OF GREEN · PDF fileGR 101 DESIGN & INSTALLATION OF GREEN ROOFS . ... Hanging Gardens of Babylon in ... Site analysis • Budget •

GR 101

DESIGN &

INSTALLATION

OF GREEN

ROOFS

Perth September 2011

SIDONIE CARPENTER - PRESIDENT

welcome

INTRODUCTION

This course will:

Identify the different types of green roofs

Identify the benefits of green roofs

Identify the factors that influence the cost of green roofs

Design opportunities and best practice

Overview of the many different professionals required for green roof

success.

Currently the tangible pubic and private benefits of green roofs are under

valued.

Green Roofs Australasia Inc.

Founded 2007, National Organisation, Not for Profit, Membership Based, State Based Executive.

GRA MISSON STATEMENT

“ is to increase the awareness of the economic, social and environmental benefits of green roofs wall and other forms of living architecture through education, advocacy, professional development and celebrations of excellence”.

About this Course

This course will:

Identify the different types of green roofs

Identify the benefits of green roofs

Identify the factors that influence the cost of green roofs

Design opportunities and best practice

Overview of the many different professionals required for green roof success.

Currently the tangible pubic and private benefits of green roofs are under valued.

Skill Gaps

Understanding what a green roof is and their benefits

Different green roof systems

Modular & Loose laid

Budget development and cost estimation

Green roof standards

Specifications

Basic design parameters

Access/Structural load bearing/Sloped roofs

Installation

Waterproofing/Drainage systems/Irrigation/Growing media/Vegetation/Maintenance

Design and installation team selection

Education and training

Case studies

History of Green Roofs

Hanging Gardens of Babylon in 6th Century BC

Traditional Sod Roofs

Pre 1960s , vernacular building practice

Le Corbusier

Frank Lloyd Wright

1960s, green roofs as a ‘green solution’ Nth Europe

Germany 10 – 15% roof are greened

Traditional sod roof

Research & Policy

The growth of the industry

Government Policy

Mandate

Local research data

Visual examples

Pilot Programs/Mandate

Toronto, Chicago, Portland, Germany, Tokyo

Apple store – Chicago

Green Roof Categories

Extensive

Shallow < 300mm

Light

Low maintenance

< species diversity

Retrofit opportunity

< cost installation & maintenance

Intensive

Deep > 300mm

Heavy

High maintenance

> species diversity

> benefits /marketing

> cost installation & maintenance.

Green Roof Systems

Modular

Light weight

Pre planted

Cost effective, drainage cell included

Loose Laid

Flexible

Visually aesthetic

Design opportunity

Emory Knoll Farm - Baltimore

What type of Green Roof?

Every Green Roof is Site Specific

The type of green roof will depend on:

Structural load bearing

Budget

Client

Access

Design intent

Benefits of Green Roofs

Public

Storm water

Energy

Urban Heat Island

CO2

Air Quality

Private

Membrane /Roof

protection

Noise reduction

Fire resistance

Food production

Marketing/sales

Green Roofs generate a wide range of social,

economic and environmental benefits, both public

and private. The key to success is finding the right

mix of benefits for a client and their project

Sustainability

Sustainability is a term that is used freely, almost to the point of becoming meaningless. The concept was introduced to combine the concern and well being of the planet with continued growth and human development.

‘Meeting the needs of the present while not compromising the ability of the future to meet its own needs.’

Brundtland Commission

Intelligent Design

Ecologically intelligent design must be integrated, mimicking nature to harvest energy from the sun, produce oxygen, sequester carbon, manage water and provide habitat. To achieve this through design, there needs to be an understanding of the unique local climate and how to preserve, support and enhance the sense of place.

Academy of Science

San Francisco

Common Benefits -

Storm Water Management & Urban Heat Island

Storm water Runoff

Urban Heat Island

Many of these benefits are still to be qualified

for the Australian climate. There are a number of

Nth American reports available.

Energy

Carbon Dioxide

Reducing energy consumption by increasing thermal

mass and reducing need for heating & cooling.

Evapo transpiration

Plant sequestration

Soil sequestration

Photo Voltaic cells

Dropping ambient air temperatures increasing

efficiency

Sound Insulation & Air Quality

Academy of Science – San Francisco

Sustainable design , bio diversity

Schipol Airport

Sound Insulation & Pollution

The type of benefit is largely a function of budget, design, structure and site conditions.

Some benefits are a function of ALL green roofs so considered to be a common benefit others

Are a direct response to the design and are specific benefits

Additional

Amenity Space

Sales & marketing

Education & Health

Barriers

Cost

Fear

Failure

Maintenance

Governments

Education

Skill

Millennium park - Chicago

Cost

Always the first question and biggest hurdle

‘How long is a piece of string’

Like all projects, green roofs are site specific and a number of variable will

affect the cost, these can often be weigh up against the benefits depending

on the client.


Access

Design brief and intent

New build or Retrofit

Professionals required

Plant selection & availability

Maintenance

Maintenance

One of the most important components of Green Roof

Design & vital for the long term success.

North America is promoting the inclusion of a 5 year

maintenance contract with all Green Roof installations.

There are only 2 things that can fail -

Waterproofing

Plants

Both of these are dependent on a maintenance regime and

contract including a level of green roof knowledge.

Palais Omni Sports

Maintenance??

Standards & Local Research

One of the biggest barriers at this stage.

There are numerous reports/research and data available that can be useful but always remember our climate and building code.

FLL (German guidelines) these are interesting and useful to a certain extent but its very important to be aware of the difference in our climates, use these as a guide only.

Green Roofs Australasia will begin to develop a set of Australian standards and guidelines.

Chicago Center for Green Technology

Green Roof Research Plots

Local Research Sites

Policy

As we see the trend and interest in sustainable

buildings increase, green roofs & walls will follow

and become a very important component of this

vocabulary.

Policy and legislation will support and promote

industry growth, research and development.

International Examples

Minnesota Green Roofs Council

RoofBloom.org

Chicago

Toronto

Making Green Roofs Happen

Portland, Oregon

London & Sheffield UK

GRO Code

CABE – grey to green

Dept. Ag – test green roof

Washington DC

Systems & Processes

Successful Green Roofs o Communication

o Collaboration

o Successful team

o Client involvement

o Project Management

Activities and Systems

will differ depending on:

o Budget

o Size of the project

o Time

o Integrated design with the building

o System type

o Green Roof Type – extensive or intensive

o Project type – retrofit or new

Pre Consider

Planning and Political •Building codes

Access provisions –

disabled

Balustrade heights

Emergency exists

Lighting and safety

Waterproofing

•Public liability

•Insurance

•Security & access

•Water availability & storage

Best practice for construction & admin

• Contractors to be trained in green

roof installation and have an

understanding of the entire system

• Communication channels

• All contractors to see and

understand the projects critical path

• Clear systems should be established

and follow a schedule

• Safety program for installation and

maintenance.

Design & Installation

Pre Design

What is the purpose of the green roof?

Design objectives

• Will it be accessible

• Reduce heating and cooling loads

• Storm water management

• Bio diversity

• Noise reduction

• Amenity

• Aesthetics

• Structural load bearing

• Site analysis

• Budget

• Maintenance

Green Roof – Design & Installation

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

Climate

Building

Surrounding Environment

Climate

Seasonal constraints

Wind

Humidity

Rainfall

Plant hardiness zone

Building


Access and safety

Roof slope

Integration with other systems

Size

Building type – residential/commercial

Exposure to elements

Existing waterproofing

Fire

Water, access/storage

Waterproofing

Must be compatible with plants and vegetating

Resist contamination from fertilisers and other chemicals used in conjunction with vegetation

Must be protected from tools during maintenance

Is more susceptible to mechanical damage during the installation of other components

Is not readily accessible for repairs

Maintenance workers should be made aware of the underlying system and potential damage that may

result form their work practices

Is protected from UV exposure

Leak Detection

Most leaks occur during construction

•Test membrane before further installation takes place

The chance of a membrane failure can be reduced by:

•Proper construction management

•On site inspection

•Material testing

•Communication between trades

•Specifying proven product

•Design – minimise penetrations & roof ponding

Roof penetrations and design

Elements penetrating the roof: the amount of connections on the

surface should be considerably low, the elements penetrating the

roof should be assembled in one place. Vegetation free zones for

easy access and maintenance.

Drainage

Drainage is vital for

•aeration of growing medium and

plant health

•waterproofing systems and

longevity of roof

•management of storm water

Drainage design relies on the hard

infrastructure, engineered growing

medium and plant selection

•Roof Slope

•Distance to drain

•Size of drain

•Average rainfall

•Type of greenroof

•Growing medium

Irrigation

A number of green roofs in temperate climates are designed without irrigation. For this to be successful in most of Australia's climatic zones one would need to carefully consider the growing medium and plant selection.

Green Roof success depends on the long term success of the plant material, this relies on 2 components.

growing medium

water availability

Irrigation & Water Management

temperate & tropical climates

Peggy Notebaert Chicago Singapore Botanic Gardens

Growing Medium

Critical to the long term success of a green roof

Usually light weight engineered soil substrate.

Properties

Good drainage

Aeration

Water holding capacity

Nutrient capacity

Weight and Compaction considerations

Elements to consider when specifying growing medium:

Structural loading capacity

Slope

Climate

Drainage requirement

Plant requirements

Vegetation

The most vital and important part of a green roof

The vegetation layer provides many environmental and aesthetic benefits

• Bio diversity of both flora and fauna

• Thermal insulation

• Water management

• Colour

• Design opportunities

Fire Resistance

During Construction

Post Construction

Design Considerations

Firebreaks

Plant selection

Growing medium

Maintenance

Location of vents and ducts

Green Roofs is Germany hold a better fire rating than than conventional roofs.

Maintenance

Strict record keeping

Repair of replace faulty materials

Regular inspection and cleaning of drains

Inspection of flashing and seals

Testing of membrane prior to expiry of warranty,

minimum of every 5 years

Do not allow work that will nullify the warranty

Non accessible roofs, keep a sign in log of access

Professional Opportunities

Community

Education

Skill Gaps – personal & professional

Client

Architect

Landscape architect

Engineer

Horticulturalist

Case Studies

Judiciary Square - Washington DC

Case Studies

Millennium Park - Chicago

Lurie Garden construction – foam substrate 2004

Budget and Benefits

Budget

Public contribution to be $150 M blew out to $270 M the media went into over drive the public perception plummeted.

$180M of private donations to complete the project

Benefits

Since 2000 there has been the addition of new residential, office and hotel development within the adjacent 6 blocks

Two new state of the art performance venues

Increased visitors to Chicago, estimated 3-4 million

Acros building – Fukuoka Japan

ASLA Washington DC


Ballast edges generally 500mm wide

Vegetation free zones provide

pedestrian access

inspection points for flashing

wind uplift prevention

fire break


Ford Motor Plant


M Central - Sydney


CH2 - Melbourne


Adelaide Zoo


The Venny - Melbourne


DPI & Fisheries - Queenscliffe

Retrofitted domestic extensive roof

storm water management with the

inclusion of a dry creek bed


Who can have a green roof?

GREEN WALLS

A living wall is a

building envelope

system where plants

are actually planted,

irrigated and grown in

a modular system

secured and

integrated with a wall.

Phyto Universe Spa – New York

MODULAR SYSTEM - bespoke

Gabion Baskets fixed to rails.

Engineered soil structure

Artificial lighting (indoors)

Wet weight 33kgm2

Established weight 60 – 80kgm2

Irrigation about 4lt water sqm /day.

VERTICAL WET LAND

Modular gabion system

Engineered soil structure

Specific plant species

Pond providing nutrient

Plants strip nutrient from water

ACTIVE WALL

Metal frame – stainless steel (20kg/m2)

1cm PVC expanded sheet (7kg/m2)

3mm felt (3kg/m2)

Plants stapled into felt pockets / soil free

Artificial lighting (indoors)

Irrigation up to 34lt sqm /day

Nutrient /hydroponic

PRE PLANTED MODULAR SYSTEMS

Interlocking Modular

box -3.5kg

Steel racking system

or fastened to wall.

Soil capacity - 42lt.

Preplanted in nursery

BREATHING WALLS - BIO

FILTRATION

process of drawing air through organic material resulting in the removal of organic gases VOC and contaminants.

Up to 80% of

dangerous compounds in indoor environments can be eliminated through the use of a bio filter (University of Guelph, 2002.)

Guelph Uni - Canada

Wolfgang Amelung

OPPOURTUNITIES – the future of green

Incorporating vegetation in a

unique and dynamic way,

supporting the ‘livability’ of

cities

The concept of living

architecture, sustainable

design. How horticulture and

ecology come together.

Our landscapes can no

longer be consumptive.

We need to design our

landscapes to be restorative Construction hoarding – Japan

Bio Lung Project

From Good………

To Bad!!!!!

THE FUTURE ??????

The current need and desire to change is what will generate the design solutions to provide a truly

sustainable future.

SIDONIE CARPENTER

PRESIDENT

"My interest is in

the future because.

I am going to

spend the rest of

my life there."

- C.F. Kettering

GREEN ROOFS AUSTRALASIA www.greenroofsaustralasia.com.au

Documents

GR 101 DESIGN & INSTALLATION OF GREEN · PDF fileGR 101 DESIGN & INSTALLATION OF GREEN ROOFS . ... Hanging Gardens of Babylon in ... Site analysis • Budget •