Gr.12 - His. - L.5

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Lesson 5

Brief Revision of Term One

From Cold War To New World OrderDétente

The Last Gasp of the Cold War

8/7/2019 Gr.12 - His. - L.5


Aft er WW II

In term one we studied that the competition betweenthe super powers lead to many changes in the world:

I. Division of Germany into Four PartsII. Establishment of the UN

III. Cold War

IV. The Division of Europe

V. Formal Division of Germany in Two Countries. VI. NATO & WARSAW Pacts

VII. Nuclear Weapons & ICBM

VIII. Brinkmanship

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DETENTE Why did the superpowers want a break from the Cold

War?

1. Opposition to the Vietnam War caused increased

tension within the U.S.

2. Many people in the S.U wanted to avoid another

crisis like the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia.3. Leaders in both Moscow and Washington wanted to

slow arms race which they saw as dangerous and

expensive + superpowers had their eye on China.

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The Affairs among China S.U. U.S.A

Relations between China and S.U had grown worsesince 1950s because the Chinese challenged the

soviets for the leadership of the Communist world.

In 1969 fighting broke out briefly along the

Sino-Soviet border.

U.S took advantage of the split between the 2 communist powers and reopened diplomaticrelations with China.

Chinese American friendship worried Soviet

Leaders.

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DÉTENTE In 1972 Nixon and Soviet

leader Leonid Brezhnevagreed to ease diplomaticand military tensionsbetween their countriesthrough what becameknown as détente.

Leonid Brezhnev

President Nixon

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DÉTENTE Detente included:

1. Trade agreement between the superpowers.

2. Joint scientific experiments.3. Agreement on nuclear arms.

The most significant US - Soviet Agreement wasthe 1972 Strategic Arms limitation Treaty (SALT)

Aim:

It banned most antimissile systems and limited

the construction of offensive missiles.

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The Last Gasp of the Cold War Although détente lasted several yearscompetition between the superpowers continuedand pushed détente to its limits:

1. In Angola, civil war broke out between Soviet sponsored and U.S backed opponents.

2. In Nicaragua and Iran Revolutions replaced pro- American governments with governments hostileto the U.S

3. End of détente came in 1979 when Soviet Armyinvaded Afghanistan. Invasion convinced the

west that S.U remained aggressive as ever.

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The Carter DoctrineGrowing Soviet Influence around thePersian Gulf a major source of theWorlds oil was worrisome.

As a result Carter Proclaimed what became known as Carter Doctrine. President Carter

Any attempt by an outside force to gain control of th e Persian Gulf will be r egard ed as an assault on th e vital int er ests of th e U.S. A and such an assault will be r epell ed by any means n ec essary, including military forc e.

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The Carter DoctrineCarter also called for economic and cultural

sanctions against the Soviet Union includinga boycott of the 1980 Olympics held inMoscow.

Great Kremlin palace -

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Soviet Reactions

2. In 1983 a Soviet fighter plane shut down a

south Korean airliner that went into Soviet

airspace killing everyone on board including

many U.S citizens.

Confronted by such opposition, the Soviet Union took a harder line against the west:

1. In 1981, Soviet leaders ordered the break

down of the Polish Communist unity. Polands independent trade union, underthe leadership of Leech Walesa.

(lek vah-len-suh).

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U.S.A Reaction. President Ronald Reagan

(succeeded Carter) proved

even more determined inhis opposition to Soviet

aggression.

Regan called the Soviet

Union the focus of evil in

the modern World an evil

empire.

President Ronald Reagan

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U.S.A Reaction President Reagan opposed the Sovietsby:

1. Restoring and increasing U.S defense.

2. Approving plans for research into space-

based weapons called Star Wars toknock down enemy missiles before theycould strike the U.S.

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U.S.A Reaction3. Ordering secret operations against pro-

soviet government in Angola,Nicaragua and Afghanistan.

4. Regan ordered invasion when Marxist government took power in the island

of Grenada in 1983.

D ét ent e end ed in th e 1980s, as th eS ovi et becam e mor e aggr essiv e in th eir

for eign policy .

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H omework:

Read the lesson carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Why were both eastern and western powers willing to put an end to the Cols War?

2. What was détente? What agreements did it include?3. What was SALT? What was the goal behind it?

4. What were the three big changes in the world that brought détente to an end?

5. Briefly explain Carter Doctrine?6. How did the Soviets react in early 1980s against Western

oppositions ?

7. How did president Reagan oppose the Soviets?

Documents

Gr.12 - His. - L.5