Grade 1

Colours: Worksheets to help grade 1 students recognize and use correct colours.

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/presenting_colours/

colours-beginner-prea1/7528

Classroom objects: A crossword and match activity to help grade 1 students identify objects found

in the classroom.

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/classroom_objects/

classroom-school-elementary/8653

Grammar: A fill in the gaps worksheet to help grade 1 students use correct grammar structures in

sentences.

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/havehas_affirm_neg_interr ogwith_aliens/have-gothas-got/19229

Parts of the body: A match activity to help grade 1 students identify parts of the body

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/vocabulary_matching_wor ksheet_-_body_parts_1/body-vocabulary-matching/3394

Animals: A crossword activity to help grade 1 students identify common animals combining

knowledge of numbers and colours.

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/animals__crossword/anima ls-beginner-prea1/12857

Numbers: A mathematic based worksheet with sums to help grade 1 students practice use of 0-100

numbers

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/numbers_0100_crossword/

numbers-beginner-prea1/10320

Clothes: A progressively harder crossword puzzle to help students correctly identify clothing and

practice correct spellings

https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/clothes/clothes-beginner-

prea1/1778

Hi everybody,

Welcome to the online GESE worksheets section of the Student Portal. On here you will find lots of extra activities for your GESE Grade that you can do in your free time. If you need anything printed out, please ask at the Summer School Office and somebody will be able to help you.

Happy studying!

Miles GoodmanDirector of Studies

Grade 2

Days of the week

Months of the year

Home

Furniture

Family and friends

Pets

Present simple

Click on one of the links below, to go to the independent study material:

GESE Grade 3

Places in Town

Jobs

Weather

Hobbies

Time & dates

NEWSAGENT’S BAKER’S TOY SHOP SWEET SHOP SHOPPING CENTRE

PET SHOP GREENGROCER’S BUTCHER’S SUPERMARKET RESTAURANT

SCHOOL ICE RINK ART GALLERY FOOTBALL STADIUM BOWLING ALLEY

INTERNET CAFE CINEMA LIBRARY TRAFFIC LIGHTS ZEBRA CROSSING

1.- Look at these maps and write the correct order to go to the place.

Go straight on at the traffic

light.

Cross ...

Turn left (at…) Turn right (at…) Go straight on Turn second left

Go past … Go through Cross the road Turn second right

2.- Look at the map and answer the questions, using the preposition of place in brackets.

1.- Where is the library? (between)

It’s ________________________________________

2.- Where is the bowling alley? (behind)

____________________________________________

3.- Where is the hotel? (next to)

____________________________________________

4.- Where is the zoo? (opposite)

____________________________________________

3.- Look at the map from exercise 2 and complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. The hospital is ____________________________ the bookshop.

2. The school is _________________________ the bus station.

3. The bar is __________________ the bank.

4. The bus station is ___________________ the school and the art gallery.

5. The city hall is __________________ the library.

4.- Look at the two pictures and find differences. Write sentences using “There is /

are”(affirmative or negative).

a) In picture A, ________________________________________________________

In picture B, ________________________________________________________

b) ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

c) ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

d) ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

5.- Look at this map and write the directions. You are at “X”.

a) A: Excuse me, can you tell me where the bowling alley is, please?

B: Yes. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

A: Thank you very much.

B: _____________________________

b) A: Excuse me, is there a park near here?

B: Yes. ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

A: ____________________________

B: _____________________________

6.- Now, have a look at this map and write a complete dialogue. You are at the “X”.

a) (ask and give directions to go to the restaurant)

A: _________________________________________________________________

B: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

A: ________________________________

B: _________________________________

b) (ask and give directions to go to the cinema)

A: _________________________________________________________________

B: __________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

A: ________________________________

B: _________________________________

Reading Worksheet & Team Game

More worksheets available on www.ESLprintables.com Author: PhilipR

Job Riddles 1 Can you find out what I am?

I move people around.

I drive a car.

I charge a fare.

I drive a taxi.

I wear a uniform.

I often have a gun.

I conduct traffic.

I catch thieves.

I wear a uniform.

I work in a surgery.

I work in a hospital.

I make sick people better.

I wear a white hat.

I feed people.

I work in a kitchen.

I cook.

I wear a uniform.

I work in shifts.

People in trouble call me.

I put out fires.

I work at or near home.

I drive a tractor.

I grow vegetables.

I have animals in the

field.

I work in an office.

I make phone calls.

I send emails.

I make appointments.

I don’t have a job.

I stay at home.

I am a woman.

I take care of my family.

I work outdoors.

I work with cement.

I wear a hard hat.

I build houses.

I wear a uniform.

I drive a vehicle.

I pick up people.

I drive a bus.

I’m a sports star.

I make a lot of money.

I play for big clubs.

I wear football boots.

I wear a uniform.

I often wear green.

I have a gun or rifle.

I defend my country.

I put things together.

I often work in shifts.

I work in a factory.

I work on an assembly

line.

I work in the sky.

I’m often a woman.

I serve food and drinks.

I’m usually good-looking.

I like the ocean.

I have nets.

I work on a boat.

I catch fish.

I wear a uniform.

I walk or cycle a lot.

I don’t like dogs.

I deliver mail.

I work with scissors.

I work in a salon.

I wash, dry and brush.

I cut hair.

I work on weekdays.

I often work weekends.

I have a cash register.

I have a shop.

I wear a uniform.

I travel a lot.

People call me captain.

I fly planes.

I use markers or chalk.

I work in a school.

I have students.

I give homework.

I wear a uniform.

I am often a woman.

I work in a hospital.

I help a doctor.

Reading Worksheet & Team Game

More worksheets available on www.ESLprintables.com Author: PhilipR

Team 1 Team 3 Team 2

Don’t show this to other teams!

Give an extra clue if needed.

Don’t show this to other teams!

Give an extra clue if needed.

Don’t show this to other teams!

Give an extra clue if needed.

I move people around.

I drive a car.

I charge a fare.

I drive a taxi.

I wear a uniform.

I often have a gun.

I conduct traffic.

I catch thieves.

I wear a uniform.

I work in a surgery.

I work in a hospital.

I make sick people better.

I wear a white hat.

I feed people.

I work in a kitchen.

I cook.

I wear a uniform.

I work in shifts.

People in trouble call me.

I put out fires.

I work at or near home.

I drive a tractor.

I grow vegetables.

I have animals in the field.

I work in an office.

I make phone calls.

I send emails.

I make appointments.

I don’t have a job.

I stay at home.

I am a woman.

I take care of my family.

I work outdoors.

I work with cement.

I wear a hard hat.

I build houses.

I wear a uniform.

I drive a vehicle.

I pick up people.

I drive a bus.

I’m a sports star.

I make a lot of money.

I play for big clubs.

I wear football boots.

I wear a uniform.

I often wear green.

I have a gun or rifle.

I defend my country.

I put things together.

I often work in shifts.

I work in a factory.

I work on an assembly line.

I work in the sky.

I’m often a woman.

I serve food and drinks.

I’m usually good-looking.

I like the ocean.

I have nets.

I work on a boat.

I catch fish.

I wear a uniform.

I walk or cycle a lot.

I don’t like dogs.

I deliver mail.

I work with scissors.

I work in a salon.

I wash, dry and brush.

I cut hair.

I work on weekdays.

I often work weekends.

I help people.

I work in a shop or mall.

I wear a uniform.

I travel a lot.

People call me captain.

I fly planes.

I use markers or chalk.

I work in a school.

I have students.

I give homework.

I wear a uniform.

I am often a woman.

I work in a hospital.

I help a doctor.

Reading Worksheet & Team Game

More worksheets available on www.ESLprintables.com Author: PhilipR

Answer Key & Instructions Team Game

The first page can be used as an individual worksheet (reading and writing

focus). Help with spelling or vocabulary if necessary.

The second page can be used as a competitive team game (reading,

speaking, pronunciation and listening focus).

o Divide the class into 2 or 3 teams.

o One team reads out the clues slowly and clearly - one by one - on

one of their cards. Don’t let teams show each other their cards.

o Other teams listen and try to guess the job. ONLY ONE GUESS IS

ALLOWED, so teams have to work together and not guess too

quickly.

o If all the clues are exhausted, teams could show the pictures or

give extra clues.

o Teams score one point per correct answer.

o These rules can be adapted or used creatively. Enjoy.

After the game, students can choose a job and write their own clue cards.

Taxi driver Police officer

(police man/woman)

Doctor

Cook

Chef

Firefighter

(fireman)

Farmer

Secretary

Housewife

Construction

worker/builder

Bus driver

Football player

Soldier

Factory worker

Flight attendant

(air hostess)

Fisherman

Postman

(mailman)

Hairdresser

Shopkeeper

Pilot

Teacher

Nurse

Anna and Mike are going on holiday. Help them to complete the words

with the missing letters. Then, find the words on the wordsearch.

H_T R_IN_ SN_W_ C_O_DY

S_N_Y C_LD S_OR_Y W_ND_

Now, help Charles and Maria to complete with the correct season. Then, find

all the words (from this and form the first exercise on the wordsearch).

A

S

S

O

C

L

O

U

D

Y

P

S

P

R

I

N

G

G

FA

SW

R

Y

U

N

V

H

GO

T

K

T

W

A

F

N

W

R

C

V

S

D

C

I

I

A

N

S

T

O

R

M

Y

O

N

N

L

M

Q

S

N

O

W

Y

D

E

Z

I

Y

W

I

N

Y

U

X

L

T

Y

L

N

B

S

U

M

M

E

R

R

O

L

1

REVIEW – TELLING THE TIME

1) – Complete the clock. Write the times in two different ways:

1:00 __________________________________

1:05 __________________________________

1:10 __________________________________

1:15 __________________________________

1:20 __________________________________

1:25 __________________________________

1:30 __________________________________

1:35 __________________________________

1:40 __________________________________

1:45 __________________________________

1:50 __________________________________

1:55 __________________________________

2)- Look at the clocks and write the times:

HOBBIES & FREE TIME ACTIVITIES 1

Write the names under the correct pictures:

CANOEING

FOOTBALL

JUGGLING

GARDENING

YOGA

SKATING

BINDING

TABLE TENNIS

SKIING

SAILING

DIVING

JOGGING

PHOTOGRAPHY

POTTERY

BOWLING

WEIGHT LIFTING

FENCING

COOKING

READING

CARDS

BADMINTON

SEWING

PARACHUTING

DARTS

HANG GLIDING

KNITTING

CYCLING

FISHING

CAMPING

SWIMMING

BILLIARDS

PAINTING

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24.

25. 26. 27. 28.

29. 30. 31. 32.

KEY:

1. BADMINTON2. PHOTOGRAPHY3. GARDENING4. KNITTING5. SKATING6. CAMPING7. SAILING8. FOOTBALL9. PAINTING10. DIVING11. HANG GLIDING12. POTTERY13. BINDING14. FENCING15. CANOEING16. BILLIARDS17. SEWING18. BOWLING19. DARTS20. FISHING21. CYCLING22. READING23. JUGGLING24. SKIING25. WEIGHT LIFTING26. JOGGING27. PARACHUTING28. COOKING29. CARDS30. SWIMMING31. TABLE TENNIS32. YOGA

Write the correct preposition. _ _ _ _ Monday _ _ _ _ Easter _ _ _ _ July _ _ _ _ 15th May _ _ _ _ the evening _ _ _ _ my birthday _ _ _ _ lunchtime _ _ _ _ the future _ _ _ _ 2007 _ _ _ _ the same time _ _ _ _ 18th century _ _ _ _ present _ _ _ _ the weekend _ _ _ _ winter _ _ _ _ two months _ _ _ _ Sundays _ _ _ _ Friday afternoon _ _ _ _ Christmas Day _ _ _ _ the age of five _ _ _ _ 1st September 1994

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. 1. I always get up _ _ _ _ 7 o’clock _ _ _ _ weekdays and _ _ _ _ 9 o’clock

_ _ _ _ the weekends.2. Both my little brother and I were born _ _ _ _ the same month. His

birthday is _ _ _ _ 10th April and I was born _ _ _ _ 30th.3. _ _ _ _ the moment we are practising prepositions of time.4. In England it often rains _ _ _ _ spring.5. My father is a doctor and he sometimes works _ _ _ _ night.6. Our neighbours moved in next door _ _ _ _ 1998.7. My grandma started learning English _ _ _ _ the age of 40.8. _ _ _ _ the past people didn’t travel so much.9. James proposed to Linda _ _ _ _ sunset. It was very romantic.10. We usually go rollerblading _ _ _ _ Saturday morning.

Use AT to show an exact time: two o’clock midnight / noon the moment, etc.

Use ON with

days of the week dates special holidays

Use IN with

parts of the day months years long periods, duration

11. Brenda has lunch _ _ _ _ noon.12. I go to school _ _ _ _ the morning,

I do my homework _ _ _ _ theafternoon, I watch TV _ _ _ _ theevening and I sleep _ _ _ _ night.

13. We have Maths _ _ _ _ Tuesdays,Thursdays and Fridays.

14. My parents got married _ _ _ _ 26th

December _ _ _ _ 1982.15. Vicky will be back _ _ _ _ a minute.16. Where were you _ _ _ _ the evening

of January 2nd?17. We all left _ _ _ _ the same time.

Write the correct preposition. _ _ _ _ Monday _ _ _ _ Easter _ _ _ _ July _ _ _ _ 15th May _ _ _ _ the evening _ _ _ _ my birthday _ _ _ _ lunchtime _ _ _ _ the future _ _ _ _ 2007 _ _ _ _ the same time _ _ _ _ 18th century _ _ _ _ present _ _ _ _ the weekend _ _ _ _ winter _ _ _ _ two months _ _ _ _ Sundays _ _ _ _ Friday afternoon _ _ _ _ Christmas Day _ _ _ _ the age of five _ _ _ _ 1st September 1994

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. 1. I always get up _ _ _ _ 7 o’clock _ _ _ _ weekdays and _ _ _ _ 9 o’clock

_ _ _ _ the weekends.2. Both my little brother and I were born _ _ _ _ the same month. His

birthday is _ _ _ _ 10th April and I was born _ _ _ _ 30th.3. _ _ _ _ the moment we are practising prepositions of time.4. In England it often rains _ _ _ _ spring.5. My father is a doctor and he sometimes works _ _ _ _ night.6. Our neighbours moved in next door _ _ _ _ 1998.7. My grandma started learning English _ _ _ _ the age of 40.8. _ _ _ _ the past people didn’t travel so much.9. James proposed to Linda _ _ _ _ sunset. It was very romantic.10. We usually go rollerblading _ _ _ _ Saturday morning.

Use AT to show an exact time: two o’clock midnight / noon the moment, etc.

Use ON with

days of the week dates special holidays

Use IN with

parts of the day months years long periods, duration

11. Brenda has lunch _ _ _ _ noon.12. I go to school _ _ _ _ the morning,

I do my homework _ _ _ _ theafternoon, I watch TV _ _ _ _ theevening and I sleep _ _ _ _ night.

13. We have Maths _ _ _ _ Tuesdays,Thursdays and Fridays.

14. My parents got married _ _ _ _ 26th

December _ _ _ _ 1982.15. Vicky will be back _ _ _ _ a minute.16. Where were you _ _ _ _ the evening

of January 2nd?17. We all left _ _ _ _ the same time.

Write the correct preposition. on Monday at Easter in July on 15th May in the evening on my birthday at lunchtime in the future in 2007 at the same time in 18th century at present at the weekend in winter in two months on Sundays on Friday afternoon on Christmas Day at the age of five on 1st September 1994

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. 1. I always get up at 7 o’clock on weekdays and at 9 o’clock at the

weekends.2. Both my little brother and I were born in the same month. His

birthday is on 10th April and I was born on 30th.3. At the moment we are practising prepositions of time.4. In England it often rains in spring.5. My father is a doctor and he sometimes works at night.6. Our neighbours moved in next door in 1998.7. My grandma started learning English at the age of 40.8. In the past people didn’t travel so much.9. James proposed to Linda at sunset. It was very romantic.10. We usually go rollerblading on Saturday morning.

Use AT to show an exact time: two o’clock midnight / noon the moment, etc.

Use ON with

days of the week dates special holidays

Use IN with

parts of the day months years long periods, duration

11. Brenda has lunch at noon.12. I go to school in the morning,

I do my homework in theafternoon, I watch TV inthe evening and I sleep at night.

13. We have Maths on Tuesdays,Thursdays and Fridays.

14. My parents got married on 26th

December in 1982.15. Vicky will be back in a minute.16. Where were you on the evening

of January 2nd?17. We all left at the same time.

GESE 4

EXTRA RESOURCES

UNIT 7 Holidays/Grammar/ Past Simple

taken from: busyteacher.org

UNIT 8 Shops/Grammar/Comparative adjectives.

Fill in the correct form of the adjectives.

1. My brother is .....................than my sister. (short)

2. I´m as ...............at football as my best friend. (good)

3. She´s the ............ ....................................... girl in the class. (beautiful)

4. You are the .................. person I have ever known.(nice)

5. Summer is .................. than winter. (hot)

6. Houses are ................. ............................ than flats. (expensive)

7. This Apple is .................... than that Apple. (red)

8. My grandad is the ................. member in our family. (old)

9. Slovak language is .................. ..................................... than English. (difficult)

10. You are as .................... as snow. (white)

11. Today was the .................day in this week. (windy)

12. Yesterday was ........................ than today. (cloudy)

13. This tree is ..................... than the tree in our street. (big)

14. She´s as .................. as her sister. (famous)

15. Elephant is the .................animal in this ZOO. (heavy)

16. Monday was the ................. day in this week. (sunny)

17. It was raining. He was as. ............. as his dog. (wet)

18. Mice are ....................than cats. (small).

19. Scotland is ....................... than England. (hilly)

20. This box is the ......................... in this room. (large)

21. This summer was as ................ as the summer in 1976. (dry)

22. This lake is the ..........................in Slovakia. (deep)

23. Look. These shoes are ................... than the shoes I have. (flat)

24. This mountain is as .................... as Mont Blanc. (high) taken from: busyteacher.org

Unit 9 Food/Grammar/Superlative adjectives

Look at the table and complete the sentences with superlative forms of adjectives.

JAMES KIM PETER AGE 12 16 11 HEIGHT 160CM 156 CM 151CM

ENGLISH MARK B+ B A

Peter is ………………………………………………..…. (young) person.

James is …………………………………………………..(tall) student.

Kim isn’t ………………………………………………..(good) at English.

Kim is ………………………………………………..(old) .

Peter is ……………………………………………….(short).

Unit 9 Food/Vocabulary taken from:busyteacher.org

Complete the text using the given words.

menu, meal, cookery, bill, ingredients, container, recipe, dish, fast, take, tip, cook, snack, waiter

I’m a terrible . I’ve tried hard but it’s no use. I’ve got lots of books.

I choose a I want to cook, I read the , I prepare all the

necessary and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I

just have a sandwich or some other quick . So I often eat out. I don’t like grand restaurants. It’s not

the expense, it’s just that I don’t feel relaxed in them. First the gives me

a which I can’t understand because it’s complicated and has lots of foreign words.

At the end of the I pay the I never know how much to leave as a . I

prefer food places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway.

And I like away places, where you can buy a meal in a

special and take it home.

Unit 10 Hobbies/vocabulary

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Shops_and_shopping/shops_ev2939jo

Unit 8 Shopping/vocabulary

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Shops_and_shopping/shops_ev2939jo

Unit 10 Daily routines /grammar/present simple

DAILY ROUTINES / WH QUESTIONS / PERSONAL PRONOUNS

1. Complete the questions with the words in the box.

______________ does John get up?

______________ do you go to school?

______________ is your brother?

______________ does his mum arrive home?

______________ is that student?

______________ pencils are these? Are they yours?

______________ does he do on Saturday morning?

______________ do you live?

______________ does he go to school on Saturday afternoon?

______________ does he play football?

2. Write the frequency adverbs in the correct place.

Helen goes to school on foot. (always) ___________________________________ They get up early. (usually) ____________________________________________ My father takes me to school. (often) ____________________________________ John is tired. (never) __________________________________________________ Kate makes her bed. (rarely) ___________________________________________

where

what

when

what time

whose

why

who

how

how old

how often

3. Choose the correct personal pronoun (object) and fill I the blanks.

Terry loves his parents. He loves ________. (us / them/ him) I always wake Rick up at 7 o’clock. I always wake _______ up. ( her / him/ us) Alan: “ Mark, do you want to play tennis with _______?” ( you/ her / me) Susan: “ Every day I study with Kate. Every day I study with _______.” ( us/ her/ them)

Taken from: liveworksheets.com

Unit 11 Sports/vocabulary

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Sports/Sports_ek145zs

Unit 12 Grammar/’Be going to’

BE GOING TO + INFINITIVE The future going to is used:

To make predictions about the near future.

Ex: Oh, look! It’s going to rain.

To talk about intentions and definite future plans.

Ex: I’m going to see my grandma tomorrow.

I’m going to spend my holidays in the States, that’s for sure.

A . Ask similar questions and answer according to the example:

Ex: What are you going to do this evening?

I’m going to surf the internet.

1. Next weekend / go out with some friends

________________________________________

________________________________________

2. This evening / read

________________________________________

________________________________________

3. Next Tuesday / play cards

________________________________________

________________________________________

4. Tomorrow / cycle

________________________________________

________________________________________

5. In two weeks time / watch TV football match

AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE

I am

You are

He

She is (‘s) going to play

It eat

We are sleep

You are

They are

Am I

Are you

He play?

Is she going to eat?

it Sleep?

Are we

Are you

Are they

I’m not

You aren’t

He play

She isn’t going to eat

It sleep

We are

You are

They are

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

6. This Saturday / skate

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

Taken from: busyteacher.org

Unit 11 Grammar/Adverbs of manner

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Adverbs_of_manner/Adverbs_of_manner_ro2162ee

Unit 12 Vocabulary/school

Word Scramble

School Subjects

Unscramble the words below:

1. amht________________

2. lsnhige________________

3. rotiysh________________

4. gghoypaer________________

5. nescice________________

6. tihcymser________________

7. cuism________________

8. uormtecp________________

9. tar________________

10. eaglaugn________________

Taken from: busyteacher.org

Unit 10 Grammar/Present Simple

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Present_Simple/Present_Simple_dx4934ln

Unit 10 Grammar/Adverbs of frequency

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Adverbs_of_frequency/Adverbs_of_frequency_it3043qs

GESE Grade 5

This link is about Celebrations and holidays:

https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/living/holidays-festivals-events

Exercises for Present Perfect Tense:

This is a link for Present Perfect exercises:

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercises.html

This is a link for exercises on conjunctions:

http://www.bradleys-english-school.com/online/multiplechoice/conj.html

Complete the sentences. Use the present

perfect – positive or negative.

My mum isn’t at home now. She ___________ (go)

to the supermarket.

So far this month I ______________ (see) three

films.

I’m hungry. I _____________ (have) my lunch yet.

I _________________ (see) Helen yet today. Is

she at school?

Our football team ________________ (win) all its

matches so far this year.

I don’t know your boy-friend. I ____________

(meet) him yet.

Put the words in the right order.

a) I/homework/yet/finished/ haven’t/my

______________________________

b) I/homework/my/done/have/already

______________________________

c) I/homework/my/finished/have/just

______________________________

d) He/home/gone/has/already

______________________________

e) Mark/come back/France/just/has/from

______________________________

f) They/bought/new/a/just/have/house

______________________________

g) We/had/lunch/haven’t/yet

______________________________

h) The train/the station/already/left/has

______________________________

i) left/the train/yet/has/?

______________________________

Expressing preferences:

Would you ___ to meet at 6 or 7?

would rather

prefer

rather

Who do you ___ Chelsea or Manchester United?

prefer

rather

better

Which do you ___ better McDonanld's or Burger King?

prefer

rather

like

Would you ___ go to the cinema or to a restaurant?

like better

rather

prefer

Which do you ___ eat chocolate or ice-cream?

prefer

rather

prefer to

Who does she ___ you or me?

like better

prefer to

rather

This is a link about Uk Films, reading passages:

https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/uk-now/film-uk

This is a reading passage about past experiences topic:

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine/life-around-world/new-friends-and-new-experiences

This is a link with reading passages on Transports:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/word-street/transport-and-travel

The following two links include past simple exercises:

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_02_012e?cc=gb&selLanguage=en

https://elt.oup.com/student/solutions/preint/grammar/grammar_02_022e?cc=gb&selLanguage=en

This is a reading passage on Music topic:

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine/music/british-music-industry

Trinity 5: Will for Informing and Predicting

Exercise 1: Complete the text with the following words:

I’ll earn lots of money probably

think won’t buy I’ll still be living in Spain

sure

I ‘m not ________________what I’ll do when I’m older. Maybe ________________ play in a rock band or

work on a cruise ship. I definitely ________________have a boring office job! With a bit of luck I’ll

__________________. If I do, I’ll ___________ the house of my dreams. I ________________I’ll buy a

Ferrari too. I imagine that ________________________because all my family and friends are here. I’ll

_________________travel around the world at some point though.

Exercise 2: Order the sentences:

1. this year / probably /won’t / in Guadalajara/ I / go to the festival

______________________________________________________________________

2. definitely / I / take my grandmother /won’t /to the rock concert

______________________________________________________________________

3. think / I / because it’s faster /go to Madrid by train/ I’ll

______________________________________________________________________

4. I’ll / soon /buy a new bike / probably

______________________________________________________________________

5. don’ t / because I can’t swim /think/have a swimming pool /I/ I’ll

______________________________________________________________________

6. when I’m older /imagine that /I’ll / I / continue to live in Spain

______________________________________________________________________

7. and make lots of money /hope / I/be a famous rock star / I’ll

______________________________________________________________________

8. hope / I / I /have a boring job/ won’t

______________________________________________________________________

9. definitely /big birthday party /I’ll /have a /

______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3: Now answer the following questions using will:

1. What type of car will you drive in the future?

______________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think you’ll play in a rock band or an orchestra when you’re older?

______________________________________________________________________

3. What festival will you go to next?

______________________________________________________________________

4. Will you go to any concerts this year?

______________________________________________________________________

5. What will you do this weekend?

______________________________________________________________________

6. Do you think you’ll ride the same type of bike when you’re older or will you change?

______________________________________________________________________

7. How will you celebrate your next birthday?

Answers

Exercise 1

I ‘m not sure what I’ll do when I’m older. Maybe I’ll play in a rock band or work on a cruise ship. I

definitely won’t have a boring office job! With a bit of luck I’ll earn lots of money . If I do I’ll buy

the house of my dreams. I think I’ll buy a Ferrari too. I imagine that I’ll still be living in Spain

because all my family and friends are here. I’ll probably travel around the world at some point though.

Exercise 2

1. I probably won’t go to the festival in Guadalajara this year.

2. I definitely won’t take my grandmother to the rock concert.

3. I think I’ll go to Madrid by train because it’s faster.

4. I’ll probably buy a new bike soon.

5. I don’t think I’ll have a swimming pool because I can’t swim

6. I imagine that I’ll continue to live in Spain when I’m older.

7. I hope I’ll be a famous rock star and make lots of money.

8. I hope I won’t have a boring job.

9. I’ll definitely have a big birthday party.

GESE Grade 6

This is a reading passage on Fashion topic:

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine/fashion/second-hand-fashion-britain

These are exercises on Health and Fitness topic:

Complete the sentences and the text below with these phrasal verbs:

1. Resistance exercises (e.g. weight lifting) can help to ________ your muscles.

2. Arnold Schwarzenegger must __________ a lot to maintain his physique.

3. I go to aerobics to __________ the calories I _________ at the weekend.

4. I always feel guilty after I ___________ at the Chinese restaurant.

5. Yoga helps to ______________ my muscles.

6. You should ___________ before you exercise or you might ______ your muscles

________.

7. I think I ate too much at Christmas. I’ve _________ two kilograms.

8. I’ll never go to a circuits class again. The last one nearly ______ me _______. The

other people were really fit so I struggled to ____________.

9. Just the thought of exercise ________ me ________.

work out = exercise pig out = eat a lot build up = increase burn off = eliminate

put on = increase (weight) keep up= maintain the same speed as others do in =

kill/hurt warm up = warm muscles before exercise stretch out = stretch tire out

= exhaust muscles

I suppose I’m quite lucky because I don’t _______ weight easily.

I never _________ in the gym and the only time I ___________

is when I need something from the top shelf. I tried aerobics

once but I couldn’t _________ with the others. I take my dog

for a walk three times a day though, and that helps to

__________ the calories. I usually watch what I eat but I

sometimes _________ on a pizza or a Chinese at the weekend.

My brother is real fitness fanatic. Before he works out he

____________ every day with press ups, sit ups, stretches and a

jog around the park. He says it’s important to ________ good

levels of strength, stamina and suppleness. I don’t want to overdo

it though. A fitness regime like his would ________ me _______

How often do you work out?

Do you always warm up and stretch out before you exercise?

Do you ever pig out?

What activities do you do that burn off calories?

Do you put on weight easily?

Could you run a marathon or would it do you in?

Have you built up good levels of strength, stamina and suppleness?

COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH USING THE WORDS FROM THE BOX

PEOPLE ARE MUCH MORE INTERESTED IN THEIR HEALTH THESE DAYS. MANY PEOPLE TRY TO ........... BY .............. IN THE PARK OR

GOING SWIMMING OR BY PLAYING TENNIS ............... CLASSES ARE HELPFUL TOO. BEING...............CAN BE DANGEROUS FOR

HEALTH, SO MANY DOCTORS RECOMMEND TO................. AND LOOSE...............ANOTHER PROBLEM FOR OUR HEALTH IS

.................THERE ARE SIMPLE................... TECHNIQUES WHICH HELP OUR LIFE STYLE.

CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION

1- THE DOCTOR GAVE MILLIE A PRESCRIPTION/RECIPE FOR SOME MEDICINE

2-PEOPLE USE A THERMOMETER TO TAKE THEIR FEVER/ TEMPERATURE

3-HE COULDN’T PLAY FOOTBALL BECAUSE HE HAD A PAIN/ HURT IN HIS LEG

4- THE TEACHER COULDN’T TALK BECAUSE SHE HAD SORE THROAT/ THROAT ACHE

5- SHE BOUGHT THE MEDICINE AT THE PHYSICIAN’S / CHEMIST’S

GO ON A DIET JOGGING WEIGHT STRESS

KEEP FIT RELAXATION OVERWEIGHT AEROBICS

CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION

1- I’VE GOT A .........................IN MY LEG

HURT PAIN DAMAGE

2- TOM WAS ILL, AND HAD TO GO TO...............

HOSPITAL MEDICINE DOCTOR

3- A...................DIET INCLUDES LOTS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

HEALTHY UNHEALTHY DANGEROUS

4- HE DIDN’T GO TO SCHOOL BECAUSE HE HAD A ...............

COLD A COLD COOL

5- HELEN HAD A ............................... OF 40

TEMPERATURE HEAT THERMOMETER

COMPLETE THE SENTENCE WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORD.

1-CATHY HAS LOST A LOT OF ..................... EATING VEGETABLES (WEIGH)

2-HE IS A TALL.................... PERSON. (MUSCLE)

3- SHE NEEDS A ..................... FOR THE VIRUS. (TREAT)

4- THE DOCTOR GAVE HELEN A ..................TO TAKE TO THE CHEMIST’S (PRESCRIBE)

5- HE CAUGHT SOME KIND OF.................... DISEASE (INFECT)

Health and fitness: Give me 5

1. 5 things that are good for you

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

2. 5 things that are bad for you

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

3. 5 ways to stay healthy

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

4. 5 adjectives to describe healthy people

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

5. 5 adjectives to describe unhealthy people

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

6. 5 physical health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

7. 5 treatments for physical health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

8. 5 mental health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

9. 5 healthcare professionals

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

10. 5 places where healthcare professionals work

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

Health and fitness: Give me 5

1. 5 things that are good for you

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

2. 5 things that are bad for you

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

3. 5 ways to stay healthy

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

4. 5 adjectives to describe healthy people

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

5. 5 adjectives to describe unhealthy people

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

6. 5 physical health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

7. 5 treatments for physical health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

8. 5 mental health problems

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

9. 5 healthcare professionals

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

10. 5 places where healthcare professionals work

1.___________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________

This is a link on the topic Learning Languages; Rules and Regulations:

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/uk-now/read-uk/languages

This is a link on past continuous exercises:

https://www.e-grammar.org/past-continuous/

This is a link on Present Continuous for future use exercises:

https://www.language-worksheets.com/present-continuous-future-elementary.html

This is a link with exercises on Modals that express Rules and Obligations:

https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/modal-verbs-1-permission-prohibition-obligation-no-

obligation

This is a link with reading passages on Travel topic:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/category/topics/travel-0

GESE Grade 7

1) ‘Tell me about yourself’ Board Game (used to, would, past simple)

Something

you

enjoyed

doing as a

child

Something

a sibling or

friend

often

did to

annoy you

Your

previous

hairstyle

The sort

of music

you like

The first

thing you

notice

about

people

The

programme

you

normally

watch

Your

favourit

e

subject

in

primary

school

Something

that often

happens at

school, a

club or at

home that

you dislik

e

Something

that is part

of your

morning

routine

before you

go to school

Your

favourite

food when

you were a

child

The way you

usually

celebrated

holidays/birt

h days

Somethin

g slightly

irritating

a family

member

sometimes

does

Your

previous

home

Annoying

things

teachers

do

Things you

don’t like

about

people in

transport

Electronic

devises you

use every

day

Time of the

day when

you do your

homework

Clothes

you wore

when you

were a

child

2) Complete the story of a chimpanzee using passive voice (present simple) andanswer the follow up questions.

1. Chimpanzee / call / Bubbles

2. It / own / John Peterson

3. It / keep / house

4. It / love / everybody in the family

5. It / feed / three times a day

6. It / always dress / funny clothes

7. It / take to the vet / once a month

8. It / look after / John’s sister while John / be away

9. Bubbles / say / be / John’s only friend

Questions to follow:

1. Does Bubbles live a happy life? Please explain. Don’t

forget about Passive forms.

2. What could make Bubbles happier? (e.g. He would be

happier if he wasn’t kept in the house)

3. Make a short story about your pet (or imaginary pet)

using Present Simple Passive.

3) Mingling activity (relative clauses)

Instructions: T cuts out the sentences and mixes them up. Then, SS mingle and

try to find their other half while using relative pronouns.

4) Learn about the Seven Wonders of the World and complete with active orpassive voice (past simple tense)

Seven Wonders of the World

A. For each Wonder, choose a verb from the box and complete theinformation. Use Active and Passive verbs in Simple Past Tense.

make be locate build destroy

1. The Temple of Artemis ________________ a Greek temple for GoddessArtemis. It ____________ around 323 BC and it ________________ in Ephesus(near the modern town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey). It _____________ ofmarble mostly. It ________________ by Goths in 262.

build (2) destroy miss

2. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon ________________ in Babil province, Iraq by

Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife because she ________________ the green hills and

valleys of her homeland. They ______ around 600 BC. However, they ________ by an

earthquake in the second century.

damage build become be (3)

3. The Lighthouse of Alexandria ________________by the Ptolemaic Kingdombetween 280 and 247 BC in Alexandria, Egypt and it ______________ between 120m and 137 m tall. It ________________ one of the tallest man-made structures onEarth for many centuries. It _______ badly _____________ by three earthquakesbetween 956 and 1323. It then ________________ an abandoned ruin.

destroy build construct be (2)

4. The Colossus of Rhodes __________ a statue of the Greek - god of the sunHelios. It _____________ in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the samename, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC. It __________ to celebrate Rhodes' victoryover the ruler of Cyprus. It ________________in the earthquake of 226 BC and it____________ one of the tallest statues of the ancient world.

make destruct find be represent put

5. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia ______________ a giant seated figure, about42 ft (13 m) tall. It ______________ by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC inOlympia, Greece, and ____________ in the Temple of Zeus there. It __________the god Zeus sitting on a throne ornamented with precious stones. It______________ during the 5th century.] No copy of the statue _______________,and details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions andrepresentations on coins.

survive be complete build

6. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in Egypt andthe only wonder that _______________. It _____________ as a tomb in 20 years and____________ around 2560 BC. It is 146.5 metres (481 feet), which is equal to a modern48-story building. It ____________ the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800years. It is composed of over 2 ½ million blocks of limestone, which weigh from 2 to 70 tonseach.

build destroy be (2) design

7. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus ______________ a tomb and it _______ between353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus, (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a leader in thePersian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria. The structure ______________ by the Greekarchitects. The Mausoleum ______________ approximately 45 m (148 ft) tall. It___________ by earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century. The site of the Mausoleumlies in ruins today.

B. Can you tell the names of the Seven Wonders?

5) Listen to a song and practice second conditional. Then, answer the follow upquestions.

Beyoncé - If I Were a Boy

A – Before watching the video, fill in the gaps with second conditional structures, using the verbs in parenthesis.

If I _______________ a boy (be) even just for a day

I _________________________ out of bed in the morning (roll) and throw on what I wanted and go

Drink beer with the guys and chase after girls

I ____________________ it with who I wanted (kick) and I ___________________ confronted for it (*never* get)

cause they stick up for me

Chorus:

If I were a boy I think I could ____________________ (understand)

How it feels to love a girl I swear I'd be a better man

I ______________________ to her (listen) Cause I know how it hurts

When you lose the one you wanted Cause he's taking you for granted

And everything you had got destroyed

If I were a boy I _______________________ off my phone (turn off)

Tell everyone it's broken so they'd think that I was sleeping alone

I ________________________ myself first (put) and make the rules as I go

Cause I know that she _________________ faithful, (be) waiting for me to come home, to come home.

[Chorus]

It's a little too late for you to come back Say it's just a mistake,

think I'd forgive you like that If you ____________________ I _____________________ for you

(think) (wait) you thought wrong

But you're just a boy You don't understand

and you don't understand, ohhhh How it feels to love a girl

Someday you wish you ______________ a better man (be) You don't listen to her

You don't care how it hurts

Until you lose the one you wanted Cause you're taking her for granted

And everything you had got destroyed

But you're just a boy

B – Watch the video and after that, in pairs, discuss

these questions:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWpsOqh8q0M

- Have you ever wished that you were someone else?- Do you think relationships are now more balanced than

they used to be in our mother’s time?- If you knew your partner had cheated on you, would you

accept his/her apology, or would you break up?- In your opinion, being a man is easier than being a woman?

Glossary

- kick it (verb) to

relax or pass time idly.

- stick up for (phrasal

verb) – stick up for

someone or something :

to speak in support of a

person or an idea, belief,

or plan, especially when

no one else will.

- take someone for

granted (phrase) : to

expect someone to always

be there and do things for

you even when you do not

show that you are

grateful.

6) Giving advice and making suggestions

7) Practice modal verbs.

CERTAIN MUST (BE) CAN’T (BE)

PRESENT PROBABLE MAY (BE) MAY NOT (BE)

POSSIBLE MIGHT (BE) MIGHT NOT (BE) 1.- I’m sure John is worried about us.

John must be worried about us.

2.- Perhaps your father is at the station.

3.- I’m sure that John doesn’t live in this town.

4.- I’m sure everybody is at home now.

5.- Perhaps those aren’t our rooms.

6.- I’m sure the dog isn’t in the garden.

7.- I’m sure the children don’t like classical music.

8.- Perhaps that boy is German or Swedish.

P R E S E N T P A S T

CERTAIN MUST (BE) CAN’T (BE) MUST HAVE (BEEN) CAN’T HAVE (BEEN)

PROBABLE MAY (BE) MAY NOT (BE) MAY HAVE (BEEN) MAY NOT HAVE (BEEN)

POSSIBLE MIGHT (BE) MIGHT NOT (BE) MIGHT HAVE (BEEN) MIGHT NOT HAVE (BEEN)1.- I’m getting married next week

You (be) ........................ joking!

2.- Hugh never does any work but he’s always at the top of his class. He (be) ................. a

very clever boy.

3.- This (be)........................ John’s coat. There a letter addressed to him in his pocket.

4.- He was terribly tired after walking six kilometres. He (be) ......................... as strong as

people think.

5.- We haven’t made any plans for our holiday yet. We (go)........................ to Greece, or

Italy, or we ................... even stay at home.

6.- I’ve been travelling since four o’clock.

You (be)........................ tired

7.- Tom (write) ..................... this because it’s in French and he doesn’t speak French at all.

8.- There’s somebody at the door. Do you think it (be)........................ the postman?

16.- She keeps crying. She (have) ....................... some problem.

17.- He knew that she (steal) ...................... it as she hadn’t been in the house at the time.

18.- That man has stopped breathing. He (die) .....................................

19.- There’s the doorbell. That (be).....……………...... the postman. It’s only seven o’clock.

20.- It’s still winter. The water (be)........................ warm enough to swim.

21.- Janet’s hair is very untidy. She (be) ........................... to the hairdresser’s as she says.

22.- I (see) ........................ you again - who knows.

23.- That’s an enormous animal. It (weigh) ........................ a ton.

24.- John (bring) ........................ his camera. I saw him put it into his suitcase.

25.- We (be)........................ all millionaires one day.

26.- The (sell) ....................... all the tickets for the Cup final. There weren’t so many people

in the queue.

27.- You failed your exam.

I (fail) …………………………… . I studied a lot.

GESE Level 8 Learning Resources

MODALS OF DEDUCTION & SPECULATION FOR ADVANCED CLASSES PRESENT

MUST Almost sure something is true. She must be rich. She drives a Ferrari and her dog has a diamond necklace

CAN’T Almost sure something isn’t true. There’s a knock on the door. It can’t be the postman. It´s Sunday

MAY/MIGHT/COULD Possible that something is true. I haven’t seen James today. He may/might/could be off sick.

SHOULD Something you expect to happen If I send the parcel today, it should be delivered on Wednesday.

PAST

MUST HAVE vs

CAN’T HAVE

1. MUST HAVE: CERTAINTY = POSITIVE DEDUCTIONHe left without saying goodbye. He must have been in a hurry.2. CAN’T HAVE: CERTAINTY = NEGATIVE DEDUCTION:He can’t have earned so much money. (I’m sure he didn’t)3. Both can be used with CLEARLY, SURELY or OBVIOUSLY inexclamations:Surely you can’t have drunk all of it in one gulp!Obviously you must have noticed how furious he was!

SHOULD HAVE &

OUGHT TO HAVE

1. EXPECTATION: should have refers to something which wassupposed to happen.He should have received my parcel by nowShe ought to have bought the lottery ticket2. CRITICISM OF AN ACTION:You shouldn’t have drunk so much at the party!.

COULD HAVE 1. POSSIBILITY:Sharon could have been promoted if she had tried (possibility /ability).2. UNCERTAINTY:It could have been Andrew who phoned me, I suppose.

MAY HAVE &

MIGHT HAVE

1. UNCERTAINTY:Now that I think of it, I may have been rather critical.They might not have received our parcel yet.2. MIGHT HAVE is used to express ANNOYANCE at someone’sfailure:You might have told me my trousers were split.

OTHER EXPRESSIONS BOUND/SURE TO When you think something is certain to be true or to happen

He’s sure to know. He’s an expert on computers LIKELY/UNLIKELY TO/THAT

Subject + BE likely/unlikely + infinitive IT IS LIKELY/UNLIKELY + THAT + clause He is likely to win the race It is unlikely that he will visit us before leaving on hi s journey

DEFINITELY PROBABLY POSSIBLY

Subject + auxiliary + definitely/probably/possibly Subject + definitely/probably/possibly + negative auxiliary Subject + be + definitely/probably /possibly Subject + definitely/probably /possibly+ be not

I SUPPOSE I THINK DO YOU THINK?

Phrases you can use with modals to reinforce the fact they you are not at all sure of something.

I suppose it might be a priceless diamond ring I think she may be spring cleaning her house

Could Terry be a conman, do you think?

MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS PRACTICE Rewrite these sentences using the verbs given:

1. It wasn’t very nice of you not to invite us to your wedding. (MIGHT)

You... 2. It wouldn’t have been right to let him do all the cleaning . (COULDN’T)

I... 3. I’m sure that Pamela won’t come back home late. (BOUND)

Pamela... 4. I don’t believe that you have missed the train again. (CAN’T)

You... 5. Perhaps they didn’t notice the yoghourt was sour. (MAY)

They... 6. It’s possible that this kind of spider is poisonous. (COULD)

This spider... 7. I’m disappointed you didn’t back me up in the meeting. (MIGHT)

You ... 8. It’s just not possible for the dog to have opened the tin of sardines. (POSSIBLY)

The dog... 9. It would have been possible for Emily to give us a lift . (COULD)

Emily ...

Complete each sentence with a suitable modal verb form:

1. Don’t worry that Andy is not back home . I think he ________missed the train.

2. I begged my uncle to accept some money for helping me move in, but he________ hear of it.

3. Nobody else had a key to the safe , so Charlie ___________ stolen the missing documents.

4. You _______ seen my sister in the shopping centre. I haven’t got one!

5. It was supposed to be a secret. You _________ told her!

6. That was a lucky escape. You _______ been killed.

7. I spent last week at my grandmother’s house because I didn’t _________ to go to school.

8. The plane is late. It _________ landed an hour ago.

Remember 1: There is a difference between a contraction and a possessive noun.

Possessive  Nouns  

John’s  new  car           The  new  car  belonging  to  John  

The  boy’s  ball           The  ball  belonging  to  the  boy  

The  dog’s  bone         The  bone  belonging  to  the  dog  

Andrew’s  exercise  book       The  exercise  book  belonging  to  Andrew  

 

Contractions  

John’s  happy  with  his  new  car     John  is  happy  with  his  new  car  

I  thought  she’d  told  you  she’d  be  late   I  thought  she  had  told  you  she  would  be  late  

The  dog’s  eating  its  bone       The  dog  is  eating  its  bone  

I  shan’t  be  going  to  class  today     I  shall  not  be  going  to  class  today  

 

Remember  2:  Possessive  nouns  can  be  used  in  formal  writing.  

Remember  3:  Contractions  are  used  in  speech  and  in  informal  writing.    

 

EXERCISE  1:  Match  up  each  contraction  with  its  longer  form.  

POSITIVE  FORMS  (with  I,  you,  we,  etc)   NEGATIVE  FORM  

he’ll       they  have  

she’d       you  would  

it’ll       she  had  

we’re       I  would  

they’ve     we  are  

I’d       it  will  

you’d       he  will  

shan’t         would  not  

won’t         do  not  

couldn’t       shall  not  

wouldn’t       should  not  

mustn’t       will  not  

shouldn’t       could  not  

don’t         must  not  

 

EXERCISE  2:  Re-­‐read  the  Short  Forms  list.    Write  two  sentences  using  a  contraction  from  the  positive  and  negative  columns.  

....................................................................................................................................................  

....................................................................................................................................................  

QUESTION  FORMS  

How’s?  

How’re?  

How’d?  

How’ll?  

What’s?  

What’re?  

What’d?  

What’ll?  

When’s?  

When’re?  

When’d?  

When’ll?  

Why’s?  

Why’re?  

Why’d?  

Why’ll?  

Who’s?  

Who’re?  

Who’d?  

Who’ll?  

Where’s?  

Where’re?  

Where’d?  

Where’ll?  

EXERCISE  3:  

Which  question  form  is  missing?  

1. ..........................  your  mother.    Is  she  well? Yes,  she’s  very  well.  

2. .........................  those  people? They  are  my  friends.  

3. ........................  my  car  keys? On  the  table.  

4. ........................  you  invite  to  the  party? I  think  I’ll  ask  Sandra.  

5. .......................  the  next  train  due? In  about  10  minutes,  I  think.  

Other  forms  

Some  auxiliary  verbs  can  be  contracted  with  have  (‘ve).    And,  in  speech  only,  you  will  hear  native  English  speakers  use  double-­‐contractions  with  not  have  (n‘t’ve).    Here  are  some  examples:  

Postitive   Negative  

could’ve  

must’ve  

should’ve  

might’ve  

ought’ve/ought  to’ve  

would’ve  

couldn’t’ve  

mustn’t’ve  

shouldn’t’ve  

mightn’t’ve  

oughtn’t’ve/oughtn’t  to’ve  

wouldn’t’ve  

Remember  4:    You  don’t  need  to  use  these  double-­‐contractions,  but  it’s  important  that  you  can  understand  them  when  used  by  a  native  English  speaker.    Here’re  some  examples:  

o My  sister  drove  in  London  –  I  couldn’t’ve  done  it!

o What  a  lovely  gift!    But,  you  shouldn’t’ve  spent  so  much!

o My  uncle  has  just  bought  a  new  car.    It  cost  him  €30,000.    I  wouldn’t’ve  paid  that!

EXERCISE  4:  A bit of fun!  Practice  using  double-­‐contractions.  Write  what  you  want  to  say  below  and  then  read  it  to  your  partner/teacher.    Go for it!    

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LINKING WORDS MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the correct linking word to fill in the gaps:

1. The students revised for their maths exams. ………………, they wrote their history essay yesterday morning.

However Besides Although Yet

2. Carol always does her best …………… help people.

so that in order to as for so

3. …………… the thick fog, lots of cars were held up on themotorway.

Since Because of But Despite

4. The factory installed new devices. ………………, its emissions to the environment have dropped.

Due to Since As a result In addition

5. Andy helps a lot at home. ………………, his sister never tidies her room.

When On the contrary As a result Since

6. You won’t pass the exam …………… you do your best.

unless if as long as provided that

7. Mary bought that black dress ……………… being too expensive for her.

despite of in spite in spite of because of

8. The new managing Director runs the company quiteefficiently. ……………, he’s really nice to the employees.

Besides On the contrary So As well as

9. My car had a puncture, ………… I was late for the meeting yesterday.

whereas so because as

10. You’d better wear warm clothes …………… it gets colder tonight.

in order to in case of in case in case to

11. …………… the company made a profit, the workers weren’tgiven a pay rise.

However Also Even though Moreover

12. Peter complained …………… the soup tasted awful.

Due to because because of but

13. ……………… the storm, most domestic flights were delayed.

Because Owing to Although Despite of

14. I bought some tomatoes …………… make a good salad.

in order to for so that due to

15. Miles doesn’t earn a lot. ……………, he goes on holiday every year.

Although Nevertheless While As a result

16. John likes flying …………… his wife hates it.

since so that whereas despite

17. Why don’t you phone James ………… he is free tonight?

unless in case in spite of in order to

18. You’d better get changed ………… we aren’t late for the party.

as so as to so that because

19. …………… complaining about the faulty mixer, we didn’tget a refund.

Although Despite Owing to Since

20. Everybody got shocked ………… the bomb explosion

in spite of due to despite because

21. The bomb exploded. …………, nobody was killed.

However Since So In spite of

22. Dave is such a talented boy. He can speak fourlanguages. ……………, he plays the piano beautifully.

However Moreover But Owing to

23. You won’t be promoted ………… you work harder.

because if however unless

24. I couldn’t send you a message ………… I didn’t have you e-mail address.

despite since so that nevertheless

25. Peter is always on a diet. …………, his sister can eat whatever she likes without putting on weight.

So As a result Because of On the contrary

26. Most people go jogging ………… keep fit.

so that so as to in order not to due to

27. Dan has to make an appointment with Dr Black…………… he’s got a bad cold.

owing to however as because of

28. My sister paints really well ………… my brother prefers reading.

because due to while since

29. ………… Pete had promised to phone us, he forgot.

Since Although However Moreover

30. The interview to the candidate was a failure ………… theinterviewer interrupted him all the time.

as a result because of despite because

KEY

1. BESIDES2. IN ORDER TO3. BECAUSE OF4. AS A RESULT5. ON THE CONTRARY6. UNLESS7. IN SPITE OF8. BESIDES9. SO10. IN CASE11. EVEN THOUGH12. BECAUSE13. OWING TO14. IN ORDER TO15. NEVERTHELESS16. WHEREAS17. IN CASE18. SO THAT19. DESPITE20. DUE TO21. HOWEVER22. MOREOVER23. UNLESS24. SINCE25. ON THE CONTRARY26. SO AS TO27. AS28. WHILE29. ALTHOUGH30. BECAUSE

Modals of Possibility and Impossibility

Exercise 1: put “mightn’t” and “couldn’t” (both are correct)

Example: I’ve got one or two things to do, so I mightn't have time to come out tonight.

1. David ……………………………….work as a taxi driver. He can't drive.

2. Mark ………………………………………be in the office tomorrow. He thinks he's getting a

cold/flu.

3. We ……………………………………………………. possibly have a dog, living in a small flat

like this.

4. How can you work with all this noise? I ……………………………..work in such conditions.

5. Don't ring tomorrow because I.......................................... be in. I'm not sure what I'm doing.

Exercise 2: add a sentence with “May” or “might” (both are correct).

Example: I'm not sure if it's going to rain. It might rain.

1. I don't know if we'll see an elephant. We ………………………….see one.

2. I can't say whether Daniel will win

....................................................................................................…..

3. I haven't decided if I'm having a holiday.

.......................................................………………………...

4. I don't know if we'll get an invitation.

........................................................................................………

5. I've no idea whether Sarah will be

late......................................................................................................

6. I'm not sure if my friends are visiting

me................................................................................………….

7. She isn't there. I thought ………………………………………. (she / be) with you.

Exercise 3: Put “must”, “can't “or “might”.

Mrs. Miles: My name's Nora Miles and I'm going to do a parachute jump.

Reporter: Mrs. Miles, you're seventy-three, and you're going to jump out of an aero plane.

You (�) must be mad. You (1) ......................................be serious.

Mrs. Miles: It really (2)…………………………………..be wonderful to look down from the sky.

I've always wanted to try it.

Reporter: But anything could happen. You (3) .......................................... be injured or even killed.

I wouldn't take the risk.

Mrs. Miles: Well, young man, your life (4) ……………………….. be much fun if you never take

risks.

You ought to try it. You never know - you (5) ………………………………enjoy it.

Reporter: Enjoy it? You (6) ........................................ be joking!

Past Simple or Past Perfect?

CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION

1.- When Anne opened/had opened the door, she realized that somebody broke/had broken into. 2.- Elisa was very upset because her computer disappeared/had disappeared yesterday. 3.- My cousin promised/had promised me to bring me a souvenir from France last month. 5.- By the time Julia left/had left the shop, she spent/had spent all her money on clothes. 6.- I didn’t want to see that film because I saw/had seen it twice. 7.- Philip tidied/had tidied his bedroom before he left/had left for work. 8.- My husband did/had done the shopping after I called/had called him. 9.-Alfred had worked/worked in a bank for five years before he was sent to Rome. 10.-The judge said that she was guilty because she took/had taken the money for herself.

WRITE PAST SIMPLE OR PAST PERFECT?

1.- Barbara …………… (live) in Greece for three years before she ………… (move) to Italy. 2.-My team …………….. (not win) the football match because they ……………. (play) badly. 3.-The teacher ……………. (punish) the student because he …….……. (be) very naughty. 4.-By winter, the new soap opera ……………. (become) the most popular show on TV. 5.-He …………… (mug) three passengers by the time the police …………….. (arrive) 6.-The pirates ……………. (hijack) an enormous ship two months ago in Somalia. 7.-The captain of the ship ………………….(surrender) because he ………… (hate) violence. 8.-The journalist …………. (interview) the famous actress before the TV…………. (come) 9.-Everyone ……………. (leave) the train before the bomb ……………… (explode) 10.- By the time my mum …………..… (prepare) lunch, we ………….. (lay) the table.

Complete the text with verbs in brackets. Use Past Simple or Past Perfect:

In March 1999, thieves …………….. (steal) diamonds jewellery from Woolworth, a famous jewellery shop in Boston. The thieves were very smart. Before the robbery, they ………… (hide) in the building next door and ………… (cut) a hole through the wall.

They used it to get into the shop. By the time the guard at the entrance………. (see) them, they ………….. (already/take) the very expensive jewellery from the safe.

A man from the neighbourhood …………. (hear) some noises in the shop and he ………. (call) the police but when they …………… (arrive) to the shop, the thieves ……………. (escape)

PRESENT PERFECT / PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Complete  the  sentences  using  Present  Perfect  or  Present  Perfect  Continuous:  1. I  (to  count  bicycles).  One  is  missing.2. The  doctor  (to  examine)  my  injured  arm.  Thanks  God,  it  isn’t  broken.3. Her  phone  (to  ring)  for  ten  minutes.  It  annoys  me.4. They  (to  build)  this  bridge  for  two  years.  There’s  mud  and  mess  around.5. We  (to  walk)  ten  kilometers.  We  are  so  exhausted!6. That  boy  (to  eat)  four  ice-­‐creams.  Don’t  give  him  more.7. I  (not  to  talk)  with  him  yet.8. He  (to  sleep)  since  ten  o’clock,  it’s  time  he  woke  up.9. It  (to  rain)  for  two  days  now,  there  will  be  flood  soon.10. Ann  (not  to  do)  anything  to  stop  her  friends  gossiping.11.We  (to  live)  here  since  1997.12. I  (to  drive)  for  ten  years.13. He  (to  teach)  in  this  school  for  five  years.14. I  (to  teach)  hundreds  of  students  but  I  never  (to  meet)  such  a  hopeless  group.15. John  and  Jack  (to  argue)  since  the  early  morning.16.We  (to  hear)  the  news:  Tom  and  Jill  are  engaged!17. Stop  babbling,  I  (to  try)  to  finish  this  letter  for  the  last  half-­‐hour.18. I  (to  tidy  up)  my  room  all  the  morning,  but  Mum  isn’t  satisfied  yet.19. My  aunt  (to  work)  as  an  accountant  since  I  remember.20. They  (to  live)  in  France  since  1990.21. I  (to  buy)  a  new  carpet.  Come  and  look  at  it.22. Someone  (to  take)  my  phone.23. Frank  and  Sally  (to  discuss)  these  matters  for  an  hour  or  so.  They  can’t  stop.24.We  (to  miss)  the  bus.  Now  we’ll  have  to  walk.25. Don’t  come  in.  I  just  (to  wash)  this  floor.26. He  (not  to  stop)  eating  since  he  arrived.27. Scientists  (to  work  out)  on  the  solution  to  the  problem  of  pollution  since  early  70’s.28. He  (to  be)  Minister  of  Education  since  1983.29. I  (to  shop)  all  day  and  I  haven’t  a  cent  left.30. I  (to  wait)  for  an  hour.    Where  is  she?

THE  KEY  

1. have  counted2. has  examined3. has  been  ringing4. have  been  building5. have  walked6. has  eaten7. have  not  talked

8. has  been  sleeping9. has  been  raining10. has  not  done11. have  been  living12. have  been  driving13. has  been  teaching14. have  taught,  have  met15. have  been  arguing16. have  heard17. have  been  trying18. have  been  tiding  up19. has  been  working20. have  been  living21. have  bought22. has  taken23. have  been  discussing24. have  missed25. have  washed26. has  not  stopped27. have  been  working28. has  been29. have  been  shopping30. have  been  waiting

Read the following aloud:

 Now, try to write it out as it should be written:

Practise saying it as it is written in the original.

Is it difficult? What do you notice about the words?

When you listen to native speakers speaking naturally, it sounds completely different to what you see when those same words are written down. This is known as connected speech. Watch the following introduction to connected speech and choose the correct option below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VnSAr9No6k

In English, meaning/grammar words are stressed. The pitch is highest/lowest for these stressed words.

Now practise the sentence: Take a bite out of an apple.

Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPCKHtQiP-4&list=PLAMCCOulyN88fWus7Of-ysEOr0r29Iyrs and answer the questions: What is the schwa?  How common is it in English? In which words is it especially used? Practise the sentences:

1. A girl I know is here2. Let’s go to Miami.3. Look in the mirror.4. I’ve a bad memory5. The data’s incorrect.6. Mine’s bigger.7. It’s between the chairs.8. The other way.9. It’s my pencil.10. It’s about a boy.

Patient: Doctor, Doctor, I’ve got two theik, a near rake, sore rise, bruise darms a stummer cake and I far tall the time.

Doctor: I see, perhaps you’d like to way tin the corridor?

That was just one example of how we

connect speech, called catenation. Next, we will look at more ways that

speech changes when it’s connected.

Let’s look at a few different features together: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTSIOzGHu-k

What did you get up to on the weekend?

Elision – losing a sound in the middle of a consonant cluster, within a single word or between a few words, especially the /t/ and /d/ sounds at the end of a word and /h/ at the beginning of a word. e.g. fish and chips – fishnchips sandwich – sanwich medicine – medicine left back = lef back stand by = stan by must go = mus go look at him = look at im

Catenation – when the final letter of a word is joined to the first vowel in the next word. e.g. an apple = a napple old age = ol dage pick it up = pi ki tup what is it – wo ti zit

Intrusion – an extra sound is included between words, usually between vowels and vowel like sounds. e.g. media event – media-R-event I always = I-Y-always go away = go-W-away

Assimilation – when a phoneme in one word changes the sound of a phoneme in another word. e.g. ten boys = tem boys last year = last chear Hyde Park – Hybe Park did you = did jou

Watch this short clip from Forrest Gump and try to complete the dialogue. Compare with your partner to check what you wrote. Watch again and listen to how the words change. Write how they words sound as they change.

Can you find examples of the above features of connected speech in the dialogue?

Practice the ‘dialogue’. Can you try to put on his accent?

!Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional sentences. 1. If my children ________ (like) rawfruit, I _________ (not / need) to boil it.2. The road traffic _______ (flow) ifthere _______ (be) some policemen.3. Communication _____ (not / be) so easyif there ____ (not / be) for the Internet.4. If the cardigan __________ (not / be)so expensive, I _________ (buy) it.5. If I __________ (not / have) acomputer, I ___________ (borrow) one.6. If the dress __________ (not / be) sotight, I __________ (wear) it tonight.7. If I ________ (not / like) chocolate somuch, I _________ (give) you this piece.8. If you ______ (be) more understanding,we could have a better relationship.9. If you __________ (turn) the TV on,we __________ (wake up) our neighbours.10. We ________ (visit) the Eiffel Towerif we _________ (go) to Paris.11. If I _____ (be) you, I ______ (apply)for the job.12. If Ann _______ (apply) for the job,she ________ (get) it.

!Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 3 conditional sentences. 1. If you _________ (have) some protection,you _________ (damage) your eyes.2. It ______ (be) impossible to enter thebuilding if the porter _____ (not / be) there.3. If the flight hadn’t been delayed, my boss__________ (arrive) on time to the meeting.4. If the driver ________ (stop) at the redsign, I _________ (not / have) the accident.5. I __________ (eat) the soup if it__________ (not / be) so salty.6. If the thieves __ (rob) the whole jewellerystore, the owners would have been ruined.7. If you ________ (take) your umbrella, you________ (not / catch) a cold.8. I __________ (manage) to escape thestorm if I __________ (be) more cautious.9. The burglars ______ (escape) to a foreigncountry if the police ____ (not / catch) them.10. If you _______ (learn) to play the piano,you could have participated in the contest.11. If you ______ (study) more, you ______(get) a better mark.12. There _____ (be) a fight if the police________ (not / arrive) in time.

Gerunds and InfinitivesPut the verbs in the gerund or the infinitive:

1. ______ is really good fun. (fly)2. We stopped at the motorway services ______ something ______

(get/ eat)3. What’s this for?

It’s for ______ vegetables. (cook)4. I can’t get used to ______ before the dawn. (get up)5. I’m sorry about ______ you. (not invite)6. There’s a lot of work ______ on the new building. (do)7. I really love ______ with the children. (play)8. ______ is a good form of exercise. (swim)9. There are some interesting things ______ in the British Museum.

(see)10. You’re lucky you haven’t got a child ______ (look after)11. We managed ______ the exam by ______ each other every

evening. (pass/ test)12. Dave decided ______ Sheila for a week or two. (not phone)13. I can’t stand ______ the washing- up. (do)14. I think I’m going to have to give up ______ football. (play)15. It really is time ______ (go)16. I’ve decided ______ here for another year. (not stay)17. I know the keys are here: I remember ______ somewhere. (put

them down)18. We were getting tired, so we stopped ______ lunch. (have)19. I tried ______ some salt, but it didn’t help. (add)20. I’m looking forward to ______ the program. (see)21. I went home ______ that the children were all right. (check)22. You’re much too young ______ in there. (go)23. I was surprised ______ about the new baby. (not hear)24. We’re very keen on ______ the team. (join)25. It was a very odd thing ______ (say)26. We decided ______ until the end of the film. (not stay)27. I miss ______ to see my parents every day. (be able)28. They wouldn’t let me ______ in the driving- seat. (sit)29. It’s your last chance ______ you’re sorry. (say)30. We agreed ______ any more work. (not do)

Gerunds and InfinitivesPut the verbs in the gerund or the infinitive:

1. ______ is really good fun. (fly)2. We stopped at the motorway services ______ something ______

(get/ eat)3. What’s this for?

It’s for ______ vegetables. (cook)4. I can’t get used to ______ before the dawn. (get up)5. I’m sorry about ______ you. (not invite)6. There’s a lot of work ______ on the new building. (do)7. I really love ______ with the children. (play)8. ______ is a good form of exercise. (swim)9. There are some interesting things ______ in the British Museum.

(see)10. You’re lucky you haven’t got a child ______ (look after)11. We managed ______ the exam by ______ each other every

evening. (pass/ test)12. Dave decided ______ Sheila for a week or two. (not phone)13. I can’t stand ______ the washing- up. (do)14. I think I’m going to have to give up ______ football. (play)15. It really is time ______ (go)16. I’ve decided ______ here for another year. (not stay)17. I know the keys are here: I remember ______ somewhere. (put

them down)18. We were getting tired, so we stopped ______ lunch. (have)19. I tried ______ some salt, but it didn’t help. (add)20. I’m looking forward to ______ the program. (see)21. I went home ______ that the children were all right. (check)22. You’re much too young ______ in there. (go)23. I was surprised ______ about the new baby. (not hear)24. We’re very keen on ______ the team. (join)25. It was a very odd thing ______ (say)26. We decided ______ until the end of the film. (not stay)27. I miss ______ to see my parents every day. (be able)28. They wouldn’t let me ______ in the driving- seat. (sit)29. It’s your last chance ______ you’re sorry. (say)30. We agreed ______ any more work. (not do)

FORM:I WISH / IF ONLYExpress a wishfor things tobe different

wish + pastsimpleif only + past(subjunctive)

Express a wishfor somethingto happen orto stophappening

wish + could /wouldif only + would /wouldn’t

Express a wishthat somethinghad or hadn’thappened

wish + pastperfect simple orcontinuousif only + pastperfect

USE:If only is stronger than wish. It can be used in a clauseon its own or we can add another clause. In the thirdconditional form, it often expresses deep regret.

EXERCISES:A - Express wishes. Fill in the blanks with the mostappropriate verbs.

1. I wish I __________________ a millionaire.2. I wish I __________________ a fast car.3. I wish I __________________ foreign languages.4. I wish I __________________ a beautiful girl.

5. I wish she __________________ me.6. I wish we __________________ married.7. I wish we __________________ two children.8. I wish we __________________in a big house.9. I wish I __________________ for a multinational company.10. I wish we __________________ holidays in tropical countries.

B- Express wishes by writing complete sentences.Use were, had, could, would, etc.

1. I / be / an electronics engineer._____________________________________________________________

2. She / more people / read / her blog._____________________________________________________________

3. I / you / answer my messages._____________________________________________________________

4. My parents / I / go to / university._____________________________________________________________

5. I / we / meet / more often._____________________________________________________________

6. We / you / drive / more carefully_____________________________________________________________

7. I / you / not take / things / so seriously_____________________________________________________________

8. I / have / more true friends._____________________________________________________________

C- Express wishes according to the situations. Followthe example.

1. I need to buy a new computer.I wish computers weren’t so expensive.( computers / expensive)

2. I love London.I wish _____________________________ (I/go) there more often.

3. The smell of stale cigarette smoke is very unpleasant.If only _____________________________ (you/ stop) smoking.

4. It was a very beautiful house.I wish _____________________________ (they / not have) itdemolished.

5. She is very short.She wishes _____________________________(she / be) taller.

6. I don’t understand these exercises.I wish _____________________________( they/be) easier.

7. We are always arguing.I wish _____________________________( we / get along).

8. I didn’t go to the party. I wasn’t invited.I wish _____________________________(they / invite) me.

9. I don’t do much exercise.I wish _____________________________ (I/ practise) a sport.

10. You never care about what I say.I wish _____________________________ (you/listen) to me more.

11. She is English and I can’t understand her12. If only _____________________________ (I/speak) English better.

Answer keyA (suggestion)

1. were2. had3. spoke4. met5. loved6. got7. had8. lived9. worked10. spent

B1. I wish I were an electronics engineer.2. She wishes more people would read her blog.3. I wish you answer my messages.4. My parents wish I could go to University.5. I wish we would meet more often.6. We wish you would drive more carefully.7. I wish you wouldn’t take things so seriously.8. I wish I had more true friends.

C2. I wish I could go there more often.3. If only you could stop smoking.4. I wish they hadn’t had it demolished.5. She wishes she were taller.6. I wish they were easier.7. I wish we could get along.8. I wish they had invited me.9. I wish I practised a sport.

10. I wish you listen to me more.11. if only I spoke English better.

Mixed Conditionals:Conditionals

1.Finish the sentences with your own ideas. Be careful to use thecorrect form of the conditionals.

a) If I go abroad.................................b) If I see my mother next time......................c) If I go out on Saturday.....................................d) If I pass my final exam……………..

e) If I became famous..............................f) If I lived in Russia...............................g) If I was married to a millionaire.....................h) If I was dictator of the entire world....................i) If each day had 48 hours………………………….j) If I met Dieter Bohlen……………………………

k) If I had become a nun/monk ..............................l) If I had gone to the speed dating last Monday........................m) If I hadn’t gone to the FMS……………………n) If Cleopatra had lived in the 21rst century………………..

2. Reformulate the statements into questions, e.g. If I go abroad Iwill go to the beach each day = What will you do if you go abroad?

a)b)c)d)

e)

f)g)h)i)j)

k)l)m)n)

3. Explain the difference between when and if.

When I see Tina next time I will tell her to call you.If I see Tina next time I will tell her to call you.

When Tom goes to school tomorrow he will meet Rick.If Tom goes to school tomorrow he will meet Rick.

Barry Louis PolisarAll I Want Is You LyricsIf I ________________________ growing wild and free

All I'd want is you to be my sweet honey bee.

And if I______________________ growing tall and green

All I'd want is you to shade me and be my leaves

If I ______________________growing wild and free

All I'd want is you to be my sweet honey bee.

And if I ___________________growing tall and green

All I'd want is you to shade me and be my leaves

All I want is you, will you be my bride

Take me by the hand and stand by my side

All I want is you, will you stay with me?

Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you _____________________in the mountains tall,

The rumble of your water would be my ______________.

If you were _________________, I know I'd be the ___________

Just as long as you were with me, when the cold winds blow.

All I want is you, will you be my bride

Take me by the hand and stand by my side

All I want is you, will you stay with me?

Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you were____________________, I'd be a nod

If you were ____________________, well I'd be a pod.(Hülse)

If you were the _________________, I'd wanna be the rug

And if you were a _____________, I know I'd be a ______________

All I want is you, will you be my bride

Take me by the hand and stand by my side

All I want is you, will you stay with me?

Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you were __________________, I'd be the fire.

If you were the love, I'd be the ________________.

If you were____________________, I'd be your moat (Burggraben)

And if you were _____________________, I'd learn to float.

Barry Louis PolisarAll I Want Is You Lyrics

If I was a flower growing wild and freeAll I'd want is you to be my sweet honey bee.And if I was a tree growing tall and greenAll I'd want is you to shade me and be my leaves

If I was a flower growing wild and freeAll I'd want is you to be my sweet honey bee.And if I was a tree growing tall and greenAll I'd want is you to shade me and be my leaves

All I want is you, will you be my brideTake me by the hand and stand by my sideAll I want is you, will you stay with me?Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you were a river in the mountains tall,The rumble of your water would be my call.If you were the winter, I know I'd be the snowJust as long as you were with me, when the cold winds blow.

All I want is you, will you be my brideTake me by the hand and stand by my sideAll I want is you, will you stay with me?Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you were a wink, I'd be a nodIf you were a seed, well I'd be a pod.If you were the floor, I'd wanna be the rugAnd if you were a kiss, I know I'd be a hug

All I want is you, will you be my brideTake me by the hand and stand by my sideAll I want is you, will you stay with me?Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

If you were the wood, I'd be the fire.If you were the love, I'd be the desire.If you were a castle, I'd be your moat,And if you were an ocean, I'd learn to float.

All I want is you, will you be my brideTake me by the hand and stand by my sideAll I want is you, will you stay with me?Hold me in your arms and sway me like the sea.

Complete the sentences with should have/shouldn’thave , using the verbs in the box

I____________ mymouthshut.

I_____________ tobabysit.

He__________________ ataxi.

You________________ sofast.

I___________________so much.

I____________

You__________

Someone______________

I_____________

We___________

offer, tell , eat, pay(x2), ask, keep, take (x2), buy (x2), inform,leave, go, think, put, run, spend, have (x2)

for help. _____ meyou’d belate.

me itwasn’tChristmas.

____thisrubbish.

___ theroof fixed.

He_________________first.

You________________attentionin class.

I_____________ mytaxes.

I_____________ tobed solate lastnight.

I_____________homeearlier.

I_____________myumbrella.

He____________ allhis moneyon hisgirlfriend.

I____________dinner.

I_____________ somuch rumin thepotion.

We_________________thathouse.

The key1. I should have kept my mouth shut.2. I should’t have offered to babysit.

3. He should have taken a taxi.4. You shouldn’t have run so fast.5. I shouldn’t have eaten so much.6. I should have asked for help.7. You should have told me you’d be late.8. Someone should have informed me it wasn’t Christmas.9. I shouldn’t have bought this rubbish.10. We should have had the roof fixed.11. He should have thought first.12. You should have paid attention in class.13. I should have paid my taxes.14. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night.15. I should have left home earlier.16. I should have taken my umbrella.17. He shouldn’t have spent all his money on his girlfriend.18. I shouldn’t have had dinner.19. I shouldn’t have put so much rum in the potion.20. We shouldn’t have bought that house.

GESE Grades 10-12: Advanced stage

What’s in the exam?

At Advanced stage, GESE exams include the following candidate tasks:

Topic presentation - on a prepared topic of the candidate’s choice

Topic discussion – about the presentation topic

Interactive task – ask questions and respond interactively

Listening task – listen and answer questions

Conversation - about two subjects selected from a list by the examiner

Stage Grade CEFR level Length

Advanced Grade 10 C1.1 25 minutes

Advanced Grade 11 C1.2 25 minutes

Advanced Grade 12 C2 25 minutes

As they progress through the grades, candidates undertake tasks that require a more advanced

use of language.

Advanced stage Grades 10–12 (CEFR level C1.1–C2)

Introduction to the advanced stage

Candidate profile

By the end of the Advanced stage, the candidate can:

- understand arguments, inferences, changes in register and emphasis in extended, complex

and sometimes unstructured speech, even when delivered at fast native speed

- express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades

of meaning

-control the direction of a spoken interaction and maintain its flow with ease, relating

skilfully to the contributions of the listener

- exploit a comprehensive and reliable mastery of a very wide range of complex language

structures, vocabulary and language functions

-produce speech at word, sentence and discourse level which rarely deviates from an

internationally intelligible model.

Exam format

The exam consists of the following:

1- greetings and setting at ease

2- formal presentation of a topic prepared by the candidate

3- discussion of the topic presentation with the examiner

4- interactive task

5- listening task

6- conversation on two subject areas selected by the examiner

7- end of conversation and leave-taking.

Exam procedure

- The examiner begins by greeting the candidate, trying to set him or her at ease and

asking to see the candidate’s identification.

- The examiner invites the candidate to deliver his or her formal topic presentation. The

candidate provides the examiner with a brief outline of the topic in note form.

- The candidate then gives a formal oral presentation of the prepared topic. This is in

the form of a well-structured presentation with an effective logical structure which helps

the examiner to notice and remember significant points. The examiner makes notes

during the presentation to facilitate the following discussion. The examiner does not

interact with the candidate in this phase of the exam. This phase lasts up to five minutes.

- The candidate brings the formal topic presentation to a logical conclusion and initiates

the discussion of the topic presentation by inviting questions and comments from the

examiner. During this phase, the candidate and examiner participate in an authentic

discussion of the ideas and opinions raised in the presentation. This phase lasts up to five

minutes.

- The Interactive phase is then introduced by the examiner who informs the candidate of

what he or she is required to do. The examiner provides an oral prompt to which the

candidate has to respond by questioning the examiner in order to find out more

information and by making comments. Once the examiner has set up the situation, the

candidate takes full responsibility for maintaining the interaction. This phase lasts up to

five minutes. If the candidate fails to initiate or to maintain the interaction, the phase will

not extend to the full five minutes and the candidate’s performance will not be rated

highly.

-The examiner then introduces the Listening phase and informs the candidate of the

requirements for the two different task types. The examiner orally presents three short

pieces of discourse. The candidate is required to suggest possible endings for the first two

texts, and to identify participants, contexts or settings related to the third text. Only short

verbal responses from the candidate are required. This phase lasts up to three minutes.

-The examiner then initiates a conversation on two of the subject areas selected from one

of the lists provided. At Grade 12, there are no specific subject areas and the examiner

selects any two subjects for discussion that are appropriate for the individual candidate.

This phase lasts up to six minutes.

- The examiner indicates the end of the conversation and exam.

For more information about exam guide, click the link below:

https://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=3109

Resources

https://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=3109

-Vocabulary and words in context

Speaking already

Q1 Can you hear what he is .......?

(a) saying (b) speaking (c) telling (d) talking

Q2 She hasn't come home ........

(a) still (b) already (c) yet (d) till

Q3 I ....... TV yesterday evening.

(a) saw (b) looked (c) viewed (d) watched

Q4 We live ....... the city centre.

(a) near (b) next (c) by (d) nearby

Q5 She looks ....... a famous film star.

(a) as (b) like (c) similar ( d) same

Q6 This television gives you the ....... news.

(a) last (b) latest (c) least (d) later

Q7 I only ....... one mistake in last night's test.

(a) made (b) done (c) did (d) make

Q8 I want you to tell me the ....... truth.

(a) all (b) exact (c) real (d) whole

Q9 He is looking ....... a present to buy his girlfriend.

(a) for (b) at (c) in (d) on

Q10 That's what I would like ....... Christmas.

(a) for (b) at (c) in (d) on

Drive carefully

Q1 You must not drink and then ....... a car.

(a) lead ( b) drive (c) take (d) guide

Q2 Please be ....... when you cross this road.

(a) careless (b) carefree (c) caring (d) careful

Q3 Do what you like, I really don't ........

(a) concern (b) interested (c) dislike (d) mind

Q4 If you want to ....... that book remember to bring it back.

(a) borrow (b) lend (c) loan (d) owe

Q5 When your train arrives, I'll ....... you from the station.

(a) take (b) bring (c) fetch (d) remove

Q6 I always get ....... early in the summer.

(a) up (b) over (c) through (d) on

Q7 When you first meet someone, you usually shake them ....... the hand.

(a) with (b) on (c) in (d) by

Q8 I have never ....... her before.

(a) saw (b) seeing (c) seen (d) see

Q9 The teacher asked her students to do their ........

(a) housework (b) homework (c) home duty (d) house job

Q10 The police officer told the children always to tell the ........

(a) true (b) facts (c) information (d) truth

Listen vs. Hear

Q1 I'm terribly sorry but I ....... what you said just now and I wonder if you could repeat it.

(a) wasn't listen to (b) wasn't hearing (c) didn't hear (d) didn't hearing

Q2 I ....... attentively to the lecture on philosophy but I still didn't understand much of it.

(a) heard (b) listened (c) was hearing (d) was listen

Q3 Can you ....... me all right over there because you are rather a long way away?

(a) listening (b) hearing (c) listen (d) hear

Q4 I ....... what you are saying but that still doesn't make me want to change my mind one

little bit.

(a) listen (b) hear (c) am listing (d) am hearing

Q5 I ....... to the concert every Monday on the radio and I imagine I am there listening to it in

person.

(a) listen (b) am listening (c) hear (d) am hearing

Q6 I should explain that he finds it very difficult to follow your conversation because he is

very hard of ........

(a) listen to (b) listening (c) to hear (d) hearing

Q7 Now will you please ....... me and pay attention to what I'm saying because it's very

important.

(a) hear (b) listen to (c) hearing (d) listening to

Q8 You've been making so much noise with your music that people at the far end of the road

can ....... you.

(a) listen to (b) listening to (c) hear (d) hearing

Q9 He sometimes pretends he can't ....... a single word you are saying but all the time he's

taking it all in.

(a) listen to (b) listening to (c) hear (d) hearing

Q10 I have been ....... strange stories about you recently but I do hope that there is no

substance in them.

(a) listened to (b) listening to (c) heard (d) hearing

Grammar: Relative Pronouns

Q1 ....... is that sitting over there in the corner?

(a) Who (b) Whom (c) Which

Q2 I don't understand a word ....... you are talking about.

(a) what (b) that (c) who

Q3 They have a very large house round ....... there are some lovely gardens.

(a) that (b) which (c) whose

Q4 I'm looking at the photograph ....... you sent me with your letter.

(a) which (b) who (c) whom

Q5 There is a new television programme called: '....... wants to be a millionaire?'.

(a) Which (b) What (c) Who

Q6 I think you will see that this is the best museum ....... you can find in the town.

(a) that (b) which (c) who

Q7 The police want to find out ....... drove the red car into the shop window.

(a) who (b) who's (c) whose

Q8 Did you meet the lady ....... uncle works in the library?

(a) who (b) whose (c) who's

Q9 The person in the house next to mine knows someone ....... met the Queen.

(a) who (b) whom (c) which

Q10 The grass, ....... I cut every week, seems to grow very quickly.

(a) who (b) who's (c) which

Grammar: Conditionals

Q1 If I win the lottery, I ....... buy you a very big car as a present.

(a) should (b) will (c) am

Q2 ....... I bought you a new car, would you be very happy?

(a) When (b) If (c) As

Q3 If you ....... got that job, would you have been able to move to a new house?

(a) have (b) had (c) will have

Q4 I would want very much to move to a new house if I ....... that job.

(a) have (b) having (c) had

Q5 Will you come to dinner with us if we ....... a babysitter for you?

(a) had found (b) will find (c) find

Q6 I will try very hard to come and have dinner at your house if I ....... able to.

(a) am (b) was (c) were

Q7 If I ....... you, I should work very hard so that I could earn more money.

(a) am (b) were (c) are

Q8 ....... you able to lend me some money if I promise you that you will get it back very soon?

(a) Are (b) Was (c) Were

Q9 If you really want to be helpful, then you ....... to tell me the truth.

(a) have (b) had (c) will have

Q10 If I ....... very hard, I would have been able to stop smoking.

(a) try (b) would have tried (c) had tried

Sentence Completion

Weather Forecast

Q1 Now let's go ....... to our weather forecaster, Mary.

(a) on (b) out (c) over (d) against

Q2 Yes, thank you and I'm afraid it's not ....... very bright at the moment.

(a) seeming (b) appearing (c) seeing (d) looking

Q3 The trouble is that there are some very ....... rain clouds over the north.

(a) fat (b) heavy (c) weighing (d) dragging

Q4 These will ....... some rainfall later this morning.

(a) bear (b) carry (c) produce (d) present

Q5 Then the clouds will ....... further south in the afternoon.

(a) transport (b) convey (c) direct (d) move

Q6 And by early evening the ....... country will see the rain.

(a) whole (b) total (c) complete (d) hole

Q7 But things will ....... tomorrow.

(a) better (b) improvise (c) increase (d) improve

Q8 In the early morning the sun will make an ........

(a) apparition (b) appearance (c) appearing (d) appear

Q9 But you'll have to be quick because it soon ........

(a) despairs (b) disappoints (c) deserts (d) disappears

Q10 And of course after that our old friend rain ........

(a) repeats (b) reports (c) returns (d) reacts

-Complete the sentences with must, may, might, could, couldn’t or can’t. Sometimes

there is more than one possible answer.

1 They_________ have eaten for two days because they were stuck on the roof of their house.

(The speaker is sure.)

2 You _______ have been very frightened when you felt the building shake! (The speaker is

sure.)

3 Lisa’s quite late getting here. She _____have got lost. (The speaker is not sure.)

4 It ________have taken you ages to paint this room! It’s enormous! (The speaker is sure.)

5 I can’t log in to my account for some reason. I_________ not have put in the right

password. (The speaker is not sure.)

6 The burglars________ have got in through the window. It’s too small. (The speaker is sure.)

7 Matt_______ not have got your message about the film. Shall we phone him? (The speaker

is not sure.)

8 Ella________ have gone home because her bike’s still here. (The speaker is sure.)

The Bells

Q1 Don't you ....... those bells..?

(a) ponder (b) elaborate (c) think (d) educate

Q2 I'm ....... sorry I can't hear a word you're saying.

(a) horribly (b) considerably (c) definitely (d) awfully

Q3 ....... I was trying to say was.

(a) All (b) Everything (c) Nothing (d) Something

Q4 Sorry you'll have to speak ........

(a) to (b) up (c) along (d) through

Q5 I'll have one more ....... and then..

(a) come (b) find (c) go (d) leave

Q6 It's no ....... I can't hear you.

(a) try (b) point (c) idea (d) use

Q7 Now I've shut the window and I'll make one more ........

(a) attempt (b) tempt (c) trial (d) experiment

Q8 I ....... wanted to say.

(a) closely (b) simply (c) naturally (d) quickly

Q9 Ah that's ....... better now I can't hear those awful bells. Now what was it you wanted to

say?

(a) more (b) most (c) mostly (d) much

Q10 It doesn't really ....... now. I just wanted to say how beautiful the bells sounded.

(a) matter (b) care (c) help (d) hold

Responses

Q1 Mike: I like anything to do with sport. .......

(a) Have you? (b) Did you? (c) Do you? (d) Are you?

Q2 Mike: We went to Paris last summer.

Jane: .......

(a) I never go there too.

(c) I never did there.

(b) I never went there.

(d) I've never been there.

Q3 Mike: She always goes to work on a bike.

Jane: .......

(a) She is very healthy.

(c) She can be very healthy.

(b) She must be very healthy.

(d) She might be very healthy.

Q4 Mike: They went on strike last week.

Jane: .......

(a) What on earth for?

(c) Do they live on earth?

(b) Are they on earth?

(d) Why on earth to?

Q5 Mike: More people die from eating fatty food than from smoking.

Jane: .......

(a) You must be ridiculous!

(c) You must be smiling!

(b) You must be laughing!

(d) You must be joking!

Q6 Mike: You know he failed all his examinations?

Jane: .......

(a) I must believe it.

(c) I might believe it.

(b) I don't believe it.

(d) I ought to believe it.

Q7 Mike: It's getting very late, we must hurry up.

Jane: .......

(a) Point got. (b) Point received. (c) Point taken. (d) Point held.

Q8 Mike: I haven't stopped working for eight hours today.

Jane: .......

(a) My heart bleeds for you.

(c) My heart beats for you.

(b) My heart breaks for you.

(d) My heart hurts for you.

Q9 Mike: You know the boss will be angry with you.

Jane: .......

(a) I'm not caring.

(c) I care nothing.

(b) I'm not at all caring.

(d) I don't care.

Q10 Mike: I wonder if you could help me with this problem.

Jane: .......

(a) Probe me. (b) Try me. (c) Examine me. (d) Practise me.

Mixed sentences – MUSIC

Rearrange the words to make complete sentences.

1. band / / Beatles / probably / known / the / are / the / best

2. radio / album / station / a / band's / song / the / new / the / played / from

3. of / the / for / a / to / had / each / concert / end / song / term / class / sing

4. very / large / pianos / instruments / are / musical /

5. the / everyone / band / onto / stage / clapped / came / the / when

6. it / strong / a / has / because / tune / dance / good / a / is / it / beat

7. performs / writes / she / her / and / music / own

8. than / was / recording / the / clearer / the / live / concert / studio / much

9. because / the / sings / chorus / the / are / easy / remember / everyone / words / to

10. printed / the / lyrics / CD / song / to / the / the / the / are / on / of / back

11. music / the / the / dancers / moved / dancers / to / rhythm / the / of

12. song / their / CD / popular / is / on / the / most / track / 1

13. the / only / can / remember / first / I / verse

14. my / band / in / the / the / rehearse / garage / at / son's / weekends

15. concert / Lucy / Amy / together / duet / sang / a / at / the / and

16. piano / music / notes / played / my / teacher / the / on / the

17. find / for / it / difficult / to / a / rhyme / 'orange' / is

18. harmonies / their / produced / beautiful / voices

Passive Voice

Read the following sentences. Decide if the underlined verb is

Active (A) or passive (P).

The actress received an Oscar. A

The actress was given an Oscar. P

1. The actress wore a beautiful gown.

2. Halle Berry presented an Oscar.

3. Halle Berry has been seen in many movies.

4. The director has been nominated many times.

5. Old movies were filmed in black and white.

6. Many actors live in California.

7. Many movies are made in Hollywood.

8. The names of the winners will be printed in tomorrow’s newspaper.

9. The actress thanked all the people who helped her win.

10. The actress was driven to the ceremony in a white limousine.

11. Hollywood was built at the beginning of the twentieth century.

12. Hollywood has become the movie capital of the U.S.

Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the verb in parentheses.

Use the tense or modal given.

(simple present: give)

The best actor is given an Oscar.

1. (simple present: see)

The awards ceremony ________ by millions of people.

2. (future: choose)

Which actor ______ _____ _____ next year?

3. (modal: can / see)

The movie_______ ______ ______ at many theaters.

4. (present perfect: make)

Many movies____________ _____________about World War II.

5. (simple past: give)

Kate Winslet________ _________ the best actress award in 2009.

6. (present continuous: show)

A good movie ______ ____ ________at a theatre near my house.

7. (simple past: make)

Star Wars________ _______ in 1977.

8. (present perfect: show)

The movie on_____ ______ ______ TV many times.

9. (present perfect: give)

Over 2,000 Academy Awards______ _________ ________ out since 1929.

10. (simple past: give)

In 1929, only one award______ ______ _____ to a woman.

Taking Notes:

1- Read the text below:

WaterAid

Many people around the world take it for granted that they can simply turn on a tap and get a

glass of clean, fresh water to drink. These people have probably never even considered life

without this basic necessity. However, it is incredible to realise that approximately 748

million people nowadays still do not have safe drinking water – that is one in ten of the

world’s population. These people desperately need easy access to clean water, as it would

allow them to take the first steps out of poverty. With a safe water supply, a child who used

to spend four hours a day walking to fetch water now has time to go to school and get an

education. Clean water is also vital because it means that fewer people suffer diseases.

WaterAid is a charity which is working to improve the lives of some of the people who lack

safe water. Up to now, it has helped over 19 million people, in a wide variety of ways. In

some rural communities, volunteers have worked with villagers to dig wells, often by hand,

to give them access to clean water. In other places, pipes have been laid to carry fresh water

from higher ground to taps that are situated near people’s homes. Where technology is

involved, for example if a pump has been installed to bring water up to the surface from

below ground, WaterAid has taught locals how to mend the pump if it breaks. This means

that a safe water supply is available again much more quickly, and also that communities do

not have to rely on skilled technicians who can charge high fees and may take several days to

arrive at the rural location. These local, well-trained pump mechanics also carry out routine

checks and maintenance, and records now show an increase in the number of wells which

provide people with a regular supply of water. Many sets of tool boxes have also been given

out so that the local mechanics have the equipment they need to carry out maintenance and

repairs effectively.

Of course, all this work and equipment requires a huge amount of financial support. Many

people make regular donations to WaterAid, which means that the charity is able to plan

ahead with some confidence. Even donating a small amount of money each month makes a

big difference. Supporters are then kept up to date on the progress of current projects through

emails and newsletters. The charity also arranges a variety of events to raise funds. Examples

include marathons, expeditions, concerts and even cake sales – the list is endless. People can

take part in an event that is set up and promoted by the charity itself, or they can get in touch

with the charity and organise their own event. WaterAid also receives money from

governments, organisations and companies around the world that are committed to improving

access to safe water. The organisations range from banks to clothing manufacturers, and all of

these are essential to WaterAid’s work and are an important part of the solution to the world’s

water crisis.

You are going to give a talk to your class about WaterAid.

Prepare some notes to use as the basis for your talk. Make short notes under each

heading.

Why clean water is important:

• ...............................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................

What WaterAid has done to help provide clean water:

• ...............................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................

• ...............................................................................................................

How WaterAid gets money to pay for projects:

• ...............................................................................................................

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2-Read the article about areas of the world where living to 90 years of age is common, and

then complete the notes on the following page.

THE SECRET OF LIVING LONGER

There is something really interesting about Ikaria, a Greek island in the Aegean sea, 50

kilometres off the coast of Turkey. It has the highest percentage of inhabitants over the age of

90 in the world. Among these inhabitants are a 95-year-old man who still plays the violin, a

98-year-old woman who runs a hotel, and a 102-year-old man who can beat almost anyone in

an arm-wrestling competition.

Since 2008, Donald Brueckner, a writer and explorer, has been studying the island to

discover its secrets. He has also tried to identify other areas of the world where there is a

higher proportion of people who live considerably longer than is normal. He analysed the

lifestyles of each place in order to find out if there were similarities which might explain such

long lives, and named these places ‘blue zones’.

In addition to Ikaria, there are other areas in the ‘blue zone’ category. They include Okinawa

in Japan, where the population lives on average seven years longer than people in America.

Another is the mountainous Barbagia region on the island of Sardinia, where a large number

of people have reached 100 years of age. Finally, the Nicoya peninsula in Costa Rica in

Central America has the lowest rate of middle-age death in the world.

So what is the secret?

Brueckner believes that long life is not all related to genetic factors. Scientific studies have

suggested that only about 25 per cent of long life is determined by genes. The remaining 75

per cent is to do with lifestyle, and this is the aspect which particularly interests Brueckner.

Although these ‘blue zones’ are spread around the world, the daily routines of the oldest

living people are in fact very similar, and there are several features which they have in

common. These ‘blue zones’ are all places which preserve tradition and where modernisation

is not so advanced.

The people living there also appreciate and celebrate age, rather than youth. There is no

single secret to a long and healthy life, but it is more a combination of factors. Brueckner has

also found that in these communities there is a strong connection to the land and nature. They

also have a healthy diet which includes a lot of beans.

It is possible to try and encourage these habits and customs in other countries in the world.

Brueckner has been working with the authorities in a city of 18 000 people in Minnesota,

USA, where the average life expectancy was 78 years until 2009. The city now has public

gardens and a nature trail around its lake, and people who were semi-isolated are coming

together to start exercise programmes. The results of Brueckner’s trial are impressive: life

expectancy has increased by 3.1 years. “We have encouraged them to become healthy

citizens,” says Brueckner. “We haven’t forced it upon them.”

Now, more and more city authorities are taking note of these findings and are trying to follow

this example. The big problem is that inevitably, globalisation will reach all these ‘blue zone’

communities and start to change their centuries-old traditions. This will have huge

implications for the lives of the inhabitants.

You are going to give a talk about ‘blue zones’ to your class at school. Prepare some

notes to use as the basis for your talk. Make short notes under each heading.

Examples of ‘blue zone’ areas and the people who live in them

Example: Barbagia – many people of 100 years of age.

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Similar lifestyle characteristics of ‘blue zone’ areas

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Ideas introduced in Minnesota

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Completing Application forms

Read the following text:

Sile Farley is a schoolgirl. She goes to Barnford High, a school for 11- to 18-year-olds, which

is just outside the town where she lives in Ireland. The school is half an hour away by bus.

Her home, at 142 Dermot Street, in Wexford, is much closer to West College, but this school

doesn’t have such good facilities for art and design, which she is really interested in. Sile’s

grandmother is an artist and she also makes all her own clothes. Since Sile was a little girl,

she has always enjoyed spending time with her grandmother, watching her working. Sile

would love to be a designer when she is older. Her art teacher, Mrs Harrison, has told her

about a competition called RecycleArt, which is run by a well-known fashion designer called

Zoe Turnbull. The competition is open to anyone under the age of sixteen. Sile’s sixteenth

birthday is in two months’ time, so she is able to enter. She has checked the competition

details online, at www.designcomp.co.uk, and requested an entry form. This could be sent by

post or email, and Sile chose to have it sent to her at sile123@mypost.com because that is

faster. For the competition, Sile has to design something to wear that is made from recycled

material, for example shoes made from plastic bags, or a cardboard hat. She has decided to

make a necklace and bracelet out of buttons from some of her old clothes. There are two

stages to the competition. First, she has to send in a proposal for her design, including a name

for it, a description and detailed drawings. Her dad suggested calling it ‘Done up’, which she

really liked, but in the end she chose ‘Collection in Blue’ because of the colour that she is

using. If her proposal is accepted, she will then make the design, and take it to a show on one

of three days, where the winners are chosen. The shows take place on 12, 19 and 23 August.

Sile’s parents are taking her to America for the last two weeks of August, so she is only

available for the first show.

Imagine you are Sile. Fill in the competition entry form on the opposite page, using the

information above.

RecycleArt – competition entry form

Section A: Personal details

Full name: ..................................................................................................................

Home address: ..................................................................................................................

Age: ..................................................................................................................

Email address: ..................................................................................................................

School name: ................................................................................................................ ..

Teacher’s name: ..................................................................................................................

Section B: Design details

What are you going to make? (tick one box)

clothes □ jewellery □ footwear □

Name of your design: ....................................................................................................

What is your design made

from? ....................................................................................................

Shows you can attend: (circle one)

12 August / 19 August / 23 August

-Comprehension Exercises:

1-The clown pulled silly faces to make the children laugh.

The word silly in this sentence means:

A: funny B: bad C: tricky D: scary E: None of these

2- The sentence below does not have any punctuation. Choose the option with the correct punctuation.

i am a good runner A: i am a good runner.

B: I am a good runner

C: Im a good runner.

D: I am a good runner.

E: None of these

3-Emily has three dogs and two cats. They are all brown, but one of the dogs has spots. His name is Spot.

Which of the following is true?

A: Emily has three animals in total.

B: Emily has more cats than dogs.

C: One of Emily’s cats is black.

D: All of Emily’s dogs have spots.

E: None of these

4-For the little boy, a lolly was tangible, whereas a promise was not.

The word tangible in this sentence means: A: basic B: untouchable C: actual D: edible E: none of these

5-Please read the following sentence.

Once Jane lifted her pen and made a start, writing the essay became easy.

If we change the start of the sentence to:

Writing the essay became easy........

What will the ending be? A: after starting.

B: after lifting her pen.

C: once Jane lifted her pen and made a start.

D: once she lifted her pen and made a start.

E: None of these.

6-The boy’s incorrigible behaviour puzzled his sister.

The word incorrigible in this sentence means: A: appalling B: reformed C: incurable D: frustrated E: none of these

7-Choose the option which will best replace the underlined words in the sentence to make it correct.

She done it to quick, so it came out looking rough.

A: done it too quickly B: did it too quick C: did it too quickly D: did it to quickly E: none of these

8-Read the following paragraph to answer the next two questions

Tailgating another vehicle is unsafe and illegal. Many rear-end collisions are caused by drivers following too close

to the vehicle in front of them. The rules state that a driver must keep sufficient distance from the vehicle in front in

order to stop safely and avoid a collision. Drivers should allow a minimum two seconds’ gap between their vehicle and

the one ahead. At sixty kilometres an hour, this equates to thirty-three metres; at a hundred it equates to fifty-five

metres. More distance is needed to safely stop in rain or poor visibility.

Tailgating another vehicle is unsafe because: A: all rear end collisions are caused by drivers following too close to the vehicle in front.

B: it may not allow sufficient time and space to stop and avoid a collision.

C: it is against the road rules.

D: it is a reckless practice.

E: None of these.

‘More distance is needed to safely stop in rain or poor visibility.’ We can infer from this that:

A: people drive faster in rain and poor visibility.

B: the writer is merely calculating on the safe side.

C: braking is more hazardous in rain and poor visibility.

D: the road rules state that this must be so.

E: All of these.

9-The sentence below does not have any punctuation. Choose the option with the correct punctuation.

one of these days said mary youll get into trouble

A: One of these days, said Mary, you’ll get into trouble.

B: “One of these days,” said Mary “you’ll get into trouble”

C: “One of these days,” said Mary. “You’ll get into trouble.”

D: “One of these days,” said Mary, “you’ll get into trouble.”

E: “One of these days,” said Mary, “youll get into trouble.

10What does this sentence suggest?

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

A: Your own possessions are always worth more to you.

B: Birds are hard to catch, so hang on to one if you catch it.

C: To have something is better than having nothing at all.

D: A trained bird is twice the value of an untrained one.

E: There is no point in being envious.

Interactive Prompts (Grade 10)

1. At my niece’s school, homework is optional. Students only have to do it if they want to. I’ve even heard there’s a

move to get rid of it altogether.

2. Many people think that we should spend more time enjoying ourselves and less time trying to make money, but I’m

not sure you can do one without the other.

3. I was listening to a talk about architecture the other day and the view presented was that all modern architecture is

ugly.

4. A lot of people complain about graffiti in cities these days, but I’m not sure if I agree with them.

5. Recently there seems to have been a reaction against our technologically advanced society, with some people

preferring to return to a simpler lifestyle. I think there’s something to be said for this.

6. People often say that academic qualifications are the key to a child’s future success. I’m not sure I c

completely agree.

7. Nowadays, we are getting a lot of advice about what to eat and what not to eat. Personally, I get a bit fed up with

this. Surely people are entitled to make their own decisions.

8. People these days seem absolutely obsessed with the private lives of celebrities. People may disapprove, but I

thoroughly enjoy reading magazines.

9. It’s widely believed that travel broadens the mind, but I often wonder if tourism nowadays does more harm than

good.

10.My local school’s going to ask a popular TV star to speak to the students about careers. I may be wrong, but I’m not

sure that this is the right choice.

Interactive Prompts (Grade 11)

1. A lot of young people nowadays are encouraged to go travelling around the world in order to broaden their

experience of life. Personally, I think this is a complete waste of time.

2. Many shoppers these days search for bargains, but are surprised when the products they buy don’t last. Surely it’s

worth paying a bit more for quality?

3. A lot of people say that wisdom comes with age, but it seems to me that the opposite is often true.

4. In the last few years, many previously unspoilt regions of the world have been opened up to tourism. I’m concerned

about the long-term effects of this.

5. Some websites help people to download music and films without paying for them. I believe this is wrong and

something should be done about it.

6. The move towards equal opportunities for men and women has brought about changes to traditional family roles. I’m

doubtful whether these changes are universally welcomed.

7. My friend has always believed in acting intuitively rather than thinking things through first. Although I can see the

attraction of this, I don’t feel it’s the right way to approach life.

8. In many countries, 16 and 17-year-olds can join the army or get married and start a family, but they can’t vote in

elections. Many people consider this to be illogical.

9. People are always criticising the fast food restaurant chains you find all over the world. personally, I can’t see what

all the fuss is about.

10.Some people think it’s really important to like the people you work with. I’m not sure how necessary this is.

Interactive Prompts (Grade 12)

1. The concept of a world without borders may seem like an impossible dream, but I feel it’s one that’s worth pursuing.

2. One effect of increased globalisation is that minority languages are gradually becoming extinct. Many people regret

this but I’m not sure it’s such a bad thing.

3. Some people claim that sensationalist journalism simply reflects a society and doesn’t shape it. I wonder if this is

really the case.

4. Some schools encourage competitiveness in their students, while others generally discourage it. It’s clearly a

controversial issue.

5. It’s often said that there should be no limits to the activities of the press even when it comes to people’s private lives.

I couldn’t agree more.

6. Compared to previous generations, children are materially much better off these days, but emotionally they seem to

be impoverished. Social commentators seem to think there are a number of reasons for this.

7. It seems untenable that big business should pay out enormous salaries, often unmerited, while people in really

deserving professions are forced to struggle. I’ve been trying to decide if anything could be done about this.

8. I recently read a report that said in British cities everybody is filmed on security cameras several hundred times a day.

I wonder if the benefits can ever justify this level of intrusion.

9. Some countries have already given the vote to 16 and 17-year-olds and other countries are considering this proposal.

I wonder whether people of this age have the maturity to make these kinds of decisions.

10.Top sports stars receive a lot of criticism for what people see as their excessively high salaries. If anything, I’m not

so sure they don’t deserve more.

Useful Links

https://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=3109

https://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=2046

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7xvvndLgAs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzibDR_n9GY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQVqJa0PQ-0