GRADING DESIGN and PROCESS( Piquero

8/3/2019 GRADING DESIGN and PROCESS( Piquero

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Land Grading involves the reshaping the

ground surface to planned grades as

determined as engineering survey,

evaluation, and layout. Land gradingprovides:

more suitable topography for buildings, facilities,

and other land uses

Helps to control surface runoff, soil erosion,

sedimentation during and after construction.


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Aesthetics

Geomorphic

Blends ecologically and visually with the character of

the existing natural landscape.

Architectonic

Creates uniform slope and forms usually are crisply

defined geometric shades.

Naturalistic

Most common type of grading, particularly in suburbanand rural settings. It is a stylized approach in which

abstract (or organic landforms are used) to present or

imitate landscape.


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Enclosure

Provides safety and protection such as restraining

children from running.

Containment

Protection

Privacy

Screening

It terminates the lines and eliminates undesirable

views.


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Enhancing topography

Proposed landforms, topography or grade

changes and design elements maybe constructed

or placed to emphasize, negate or have a little

impact on visual structure of the landscape.

Basic considerations:

Enhance

Compliment

Contrast Conflict particular landscape context


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A cut is the

removal of a

portion of a sites

naturaltopography.


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Fill is the process

of blending

additional earth

into a sitesexisting

topography.


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A combination of

cut and fill.


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Grading that results in radical loss of

vegetation and or topsoil

Grading that interrupts the natural drainage

Grading that results in aesthetic degradationGrading on difficult slopes (excess of 25%), in

floodplains, estuaries, or bogs, or in other

environmentally unique conditions.

Grading in areas susceptible to naturaldisasters, such as mud slides or along

earthquake fault lines.


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Mulch

-Is a protective cover

placed over the soil,

to retain moisture,

reduce erosion,

suppress weed growth

and seed germination,

and provide nutrients

as they decay.


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Planting

Selected trees,

shrubs, and vines

(indigenouspreferred)

Plant roots and

detritus knit and

hold the surfacesoil layers.

Mortar bags

Treated bags filled

with dry sand-

cement mortar.


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Rubble

-Dumped or placedfragments of broken

stone.

-Rubble is broken

stone, of irregularsize, shape and

texture.


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Gabions

-boxes filled withsoil or sand-For erosion controlcaged riprap is used.-For dams orfoundationconstruction,cylindrical metalstructures are used.


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Rip-rap

- is rock or othermaterial used toarmour shorelines,streambeds, bridgeabutments, pilingsand other shorelinestructures againstscour, water or iceerosion.


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Cribbing

A laid-up crib at

interlocking used

metal or concrete

members filled with

rock ballast.

Footing

Pored concrete with

stone or ceramic

facing


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Piling-Interlocking sectionsof steel or pre-castconcrete-a column of woodor steel or concrete

that is driven intothe ground toprovide support fora structure


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Retaining wall

- Cast wall may be

left rough- with formboard or exposed

aggregate texture.


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EMBANKMENT LANDSCAPE CURVE


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GULLY SWALES


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DITCH


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MOUND KNOLL


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Landscape curve is

used to blend cut

buttons and tops of

engineeredembankments. Such

naturalized slopes

are more stable and

more pleasing to theeye.


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Documents

GRADING DESIGN and PROCESS( Piquero