Grammar

in a nutshell

# 2

Past simple of to be (zijn)

IYou (singular & plural)

He TheyShe We

It

waswere

When you make a question you put the form of to be before the personal pronoun.

Normal sentence: He was good at grammar.Question: Was he good at grammar?

Questions with to be

he, she

Check out the video for an explanation onquestions (and answers) with the verb to be.Click here.

If there is no form of to be in the sentence, you have to use did.Did comes at the beginning of the sentence, after that the personal pronoun andthen the verb.

Did you work in New York?Did she have a bad headache?

Got it?

Excellent!NEXT UP:

Negatives with to have got

Negative negatief oftewel ontkenning...

Ontkenning?

Use NOT...

...if you want to say that something is not the case. So a criminal will always tell the police:

No, I didn’t do it! It wasn’t me!(If they don’t want to go to prison.)

http://youtu.be/2g5Hz17C4is

She was not at school. (wasn’t)I did not work in New York. (didn’t)

Check out page 35 TB!

Negative of to be

I was not (wasn’t)

You were not (weren’t)

He was not (wasn’t)

She was not (wasn’t)

It was not (wasn’t)

We were not (weren’t)

You were not (weren’t)

They were not (weren’t)

If you have another verb

you use did not or didn’t.

I did not write

You didn’t read

He didn’t study

She didn’t run

It didn’t drink

We didn’t look

You didn’t understand

They didn’t jump

Overview past simple of to be

Normal sentence Negative sentence Question Answer

ExerciseWrite the verbs in brackets using the past negative form:

1. We _____________ (not be) at school this morning2. She _____________ (not listen) to the radio3. I _________________ (not be) tired4. Mark ______________ (not work) last Monday5. They _______________ (not swim) yesterday

Use the correct negative

form of to be or did!1.weren’t2.didn’t listen3.wasn’t4.didn’t work5.didn’t swim

Should vs MustBoth words are used to give advice.

Should: when you think it’s a good idea (it’s not an obligation, just advice)

Must: very strong advice, an obligation (you think that someone has to do it)

You can also say that something should not (or must not)Be done. Not comes directly after the verb should or must.

This video may be helpful!http://youtu.be/9OicD-lK-Sw

Check out page 36 TB!

You should eat more slowly. Because it’s nicer and healthier than stuffing your mouth...

You shouldn’t work so much. A general comment: working too much may get you stressed.

You must do your homework! Because if you don’t you’re not welcome in class.

You mustn’t be late for your job interview.It would be stupid to be late because you won’t get the job!

Examples

To have got (contracted forms)

I 've gotYou’ve gotHe’s gotShe’s gotIt’s gotWe’ve gotYou’ve gotThey’ve got

Check out p. 36 TB. This is just for fun ;)http://youtu.be/1aSbKvm_mKA

Complete the sentences with

have got or has got

1.Betty Boop ______ a driving licence.

2.You ______ my books.3.l _______ two sisters.4.Mr Wilson ________ a car.5.We ________a good teacher.1. ‘s got – 2. ‘ve got – 3. ‘ve got – 4. ‘s got – 5. ‘ve got

Exercise

The ‘S

Check out this video to make it even more clear:http://youtu.be/x5ME_u3KGPI

The ‘s can be a short form or is or has.She’s feeling... (she is feeling...) He’s got... (he has got...)

An ‘s also says that someone owns/has something.My dog’s eyes are brown. (My dog his eyes...)

Be careful! For a plural word that ends in s, you only add ‘ !!!Giraffes’ necks are long. (Giraffes their necks...)

WARNING

Always write YOU not U!

Always write I never i!

Listening

in a nutshell

Please go to page 46 WB.

F - Melanie’s complaints

Answer the questions: exercise 20 (p. 46 WB)

Now listen to the audio fragment and make 21!

If needed, we’ll listen again and fill in 22...

Review Chapter 2. Study for your test!Check out missabels.wordpress.com for extra information on the various parts of this chapter!