Grammar Summary ٣ْٛاجيا حياجيا فصيا دعاٛق صدًَ

1 MR. Mohammed Samy

Brilliant Series 01201485869

شم الماضى البسط ①

الاسخخذاو : يؼبر ػ حذد حى فى قج يحذد فى yesterday travelledHe الماضى /

انكهاث يغ يؼبر ػ ػاداث يخكشسة فى الماضى. (every day…often-sometimes-always-usually-

used to + inf)

:انكهاث انخؼبيراث المسخخذيت (Yesterday – last (week-month-night..)– ago –

How long ago – in 1989 – the other day-just

now - when I was –the last time- For+ فتزة مىتهيت(

المستنس شم الماضى ②

Was/Were + V-ing انخكي

Was/Were +being+ P.P+يفؼل المبى نهجل

الاسخخذاو : فى نى يك قذ اخىيؼبر ػ حذد قج يحذد فى الماضى /

Ex/ I was reading at 7:00 last night. (كىت أقزأ) إلى أ )ياضى يسخش( حذد كا يسخشايؼبر ػ

. )ياضى بسيط( فى الماضىقطؼ حذد آخش Ex/ I was reading when my father came.

:انكهاث انخؼبيراث انشابط المسخخذيت

لا حسخخذو فى الإسخشاسأ أفؼال انحانت انخانيت لاحظ

Know-think-believe-remember-forget التفكير

)hear-smell-(مذاقه يكىن)See-taste الحىاس ائحته تكىنر )

..Like-love-hate-prefer-dislike الشعىز

…Have-own-possess-belong to التنلك Be-weigh-cost-measure-consist of-seem أخرى

التاو الماضىشم ③

Had + P.P انخكي

Had +Been+ P.P+يفؼل المبى نهجل

آخش فى قبم حذد )ياضى حاو( حذد حىيؼبر ػ فترة صييت فى الماضى. قبم أ )ياضى بسيط( / الماضى

Ex/ I had finished my work before I left home.

Ex/ I had finished my work by 7:00 yesterday.

يك : إرا كاج خيجت انفؼم فى الماضى,يلاحظت يت سبب انفؼم ياضى حاو / أ ياضى حاو يسخش.

Ex/ He was all because he had eaten bad food.

Ex/ He was all because he had been working all

day yesterday.(كان يعمم طىال انهيم) المسخخذيت: انشابط انكهاث انخؼبيراث

المضازع التاوشم ①

Have/Has + P.P انخكي

Have/Has +Been+ P.P +يفؼل المبى نهجل

لا زكشا فى فى الماضى حذد حى فى فترةيؼبر ػ . نك ن أثش فى انقج انحاضشالماضى

Ex/I have finished my homework. (not yesterday)

المضاسع: إرا كاج خيجت انفؼم فى يلاحظت يت,

.يضاسع حاويك سبب انفؼم Ex/ He is happy now. He has passed the exam.

يسخخذو نهخحذد ػ خبراث انحياة انفتراث انخى نى . I have visited Alex before. حخ بؼذ

:انكهاث انخؼبيراث المسخخذيت (Recently-lately-already-just-over+ فتزة- Never-so far-up till now-in the last few

years-in recent years-it's the first time.

Yet تأتى فى آخر الجنلة فى النفى والسؤال

He hasn't come yet. Has he come yet

Ever

قبل التصريف لثالث / تأتى فى السؤال وتأتى فى الجنلة الخبرية إذا كان فيوا

(No one/body)صيغة تفضيل أو بدأت ب

visited Alex? ever●Has he

seen this place. everhas body oN● ● It's the tallest tree I've ever seen.

since

يأتى بعدها بداية الفترة الزمنية:1990-May-Sunday-3 O'clock-then-

last week- (marriage اسم دال على الوقت)

For

الفترة الزمنية: إجمالىيأتى بعدها 2 years-3 months-7 days-2 hours-

the last week-ages- a long time.

يلاحظاث:

●I haven't seen Ali since he left Cairo.

● It's 5 years since I (last) met him.

● I (last) met him when he was 12.

●The last time I met him was a week ago.

① Will (Won't) + inf

Will +Be+ P.P+يفؼل نهجلالمبى

انخبؤ بغير دنيم① :الاسخخذاو .(or/otherwise)انػد / انخذيذاث يغ كهت⑥ (.he will be 7 next Mayانحقائق المسخقبهيت )⑤ انؼشض انطهب. ④( Hopeالآيــال)③ قشاساث سشيؼت نحظت انكلاو.حؼبر ػ ② :انكهاث انخؼبيراث المسخخذيت

just decide / decided just now /

made a quick decision I think / believe /

hope/ expect/suppose(أفتزض) / promise /

surely / definitely/I'm sure / I'm afraid /

maybe / possibly(مه انممكه) / perhaps /

probably(مه انمحتمم) - I'm almost certain. Next(week-month..) /soon /in the future/

Tomorrow (دول مع أي وىع مستقبم)

انخصشيف انثاى نهفؼم انخكي

+ Didn'tيصذس انفى

Was/Were+ P.P + يفؼل المبى نهجل

UNIT ❶

When

حدثان متتابعان بسرعة

مستنرماضى ماضى بسيط

بسيطماضى ماضى مستنر

بسيطماضى بسيطماضى

On: أثياء + V-ing During + إسه

While/As/

Just As مستنرماضى مستنرماضى

حدث قطع الآخر بسيطماضى ماضى مستنرحدثان مستمران

فى نفس الوقت

While: + V-ing

when

بدون فاعل

بسيطماضى

After

As soon As

When

بسرعة فى الماضى حدثان متتابعان

ماضى بسيط

❶ بسيطماضى تامماضى

ماضى بسيط

Before

By the time

When

بسرعة فى الماضى حدثان متتابعان

تامماضى بسيطماضى

ضى بسيطما

❷

Having + P.P ماضى بسيط

when

❸

منفى ماضى بسيط

when Until/ Till when

ماضى تام

when

❹

It wasn't until It was only when

That ماضى بسيط تامماضى

+

❺

إذلم يأتى بعدهما فاعل

After

تامماضى

بسيطماضى

Before V-ing

No sooner

Hardly

Scarcely

ماضى P.P When +فاعل+Had بسيط

When

UNIT ❷

By + فترة فى الماضى تامماضى

when

❼

Than ❻

مضارع تام

when

Since ماضى بسيط

It's + مدة زمنية +since+ لفاع +( last )+ بسيط ماضى

Have been to ذهب لمكان وعاد منى

Have gone to ى بعدمن ولم يعدذهب لمكان

UNIT ❸

The last time+ لفاع + (بسيط ماضى) + was + ago+مدة زمنية +

لفاع +( last )+ (بسيط ماضى) +When+ (بسيط ماضى)

Grammar Summary دص قاعد ايصف ايجايح ايجا٣

أضأيه بالله ايدعا٤

2 MR. Mohammed Samy

Brilliant Series 01201485869 ② (Be) going to + inf

مصدر + going to (am-is-are) انخكي

going to+ Be +P.P(am/is/are) المبى نهجل

حؼبر ػ خطط يسخقبهيت ايا طحاث.② .قاطغ شا الآ انخبؤ بذنيم①: الاسخخذاو

ؼبيراث المسخخذيت:انكهاث انخ Plan /intend/ decide / made up my mind

انصفاث انشخصيت لا حؼذ دنيم. : لاحظ Ex/ He is smart. He will succeed.

حؼبيراث انخبي حؼخبر دنيم watch out!/Be careful!/look out!/take care!

Ex/ watch out! The car is going to hit you.

المضازع المستنسشم ③

V-ing + (am-is-are) انخكي

بؼى يؼبر ػ حشحيباث يسخقبهيت①: الاسخخذاو .احخار قشاس ثى أخز خطة نخفيز

Ex/ He is flying to Alex. He's got the tickets. :انكهاث انخؼبيراث المسخخذيت

Prepare/arrange/set/I've an appointment

إنغاء الماػيذ لميؼاد آخش يؼخبر حشحيب. : لاحظ I can't meet you tomorrow. I'm visiting Ali.

المضازع البسطشم ④

جمع/V I/We/You/They انخكي

V+s/es He/She/It/مفزد

يؼبر ػ ياػيذ ثابخت بجذل صيى ①: الاسخخذاوانبك يثم ياػيذ انقطاساث انطائشاث المساسح

انسيا الأفلاو انخهيفضي انذسط.....Ex/ The train leaves at 7:00 tomorrow

ػادة يسخخذو زا انضي يغ الأفؼال: : لاحظ

Leave/arrive/ take off/ land / close/ open start / finish / is

المستكبل المستنسشم ⑤

Will/May + Be + V-ing انخكي

يعبر عن حدث صيكون وضتىز أثناء فترة ①: الاسخخذاوو وع فى المضتكبن حدث آخز يكطعىأو محددة فى المضتكبن

الأحداث المضتكبمية المحددة بزوتين وعتاد.Ex/ I will be working at 7:00 tomorrow

ػادة يسخخذو زا انضي يغ: : لاحظ

From…to + مستقبم / (all+ tomorrow/next week..) /(at…+ tomorrow/next week..)

المستكبل التاوشم ⑥

Will + Have + P.P انخكي

Will have +Been+ P.P+يفؼل المبى نهجل

يعبر عن حدث صيكون قد تم قبن وقوع ①: الاسخخذاو حدث آخز فى المضتكبن أو فترة فى المضتكبن.

Ex/ By 2020, we will have built the hospital :عادة يضتخد هذا الشون وع : لاحظ

(Before/By/By the time + فتزة ف انمستقبم)/ (in 2 years' time) / This time next week..)

اصتخدا الزوابط الشونية وع المضتكبن

1-As soon As he gets money, He is going to

buy a car.

2-I will travel after I get my passport.

3-By the time he comes, I will have finished

my homework.

Relative Pronounsضنائس الىصل:

I know the man who stole the money.

I saw the boy who(m) Ali hit yesterday.

The book which I bought, was exciting.

Give me the pen that is on the table.

I visited Ali whose car was stolen.

①Cairo, which is the capital, is crowded.

.Cairo, which I like/ visit, is crowded② ولس فاعل فى ره الجنلة, بدأت الجنلة بعد ضنير الىصل بفعل

.Cairo, which I was born in, is crowded③ ( like/visit) فعل الجنلة لا يحتاج حسف جسة, فى ره الجنل

.Cairo, where I live, is crowded④ (in)حسف الجس مىجىد وغير مستتر فى ره الجنلة,

(I)تحككت كل الشسوط, الجنلة بدأت بفاعل فى ره الجنلة, . س مستتروحسف الج (in)وفعل الجنلة يحتاج حسف جس

May is the month when I was born.

May is the month which I was born in

(Which/whom)حزوف الجز لا تضبل إلا ضىيرى الوصن●

ولتعسف حسف الجس, إىكل الإسه المىجىد قبل اليكط بعد ● الياقصفعل بعد اليكط وحاول أ تعسف ما حسف الجس ال

1-This is the man……….I told you.

a- for which b-about whom

c- about who d- for whom

تحرف ضنائس الىصل إذا كاىت فى محل مفعىل دو تأثير ●على فعل الجنلة, أما إذا كا ضنير الىصل فى محل فاعل ,

(V-ing)فخرف ى والفعل المبيى للنعلىو ويىضع (P.P)لمبيى للنجىل ويىضع أو يحرف ى والفعل ا

Ali who a car hit… = Ali a car hit…. The boy who plays… = Playing

The boy who was helped = helped

فكط إذا ضبكت بايهات: (That) تطتدد❶

●I lent her all the money that she needed.

●The fox is the cleverest animal that I

have ever seen. ❷ تطتددلا (That) :ف٢ الج١ بين ايفاصتين ●The book, which I bought,…(not that) إذا نا ضير ايص عد (Which) تطتدد❸

:ع٢ الج١ نا١●He came first, which made his

parents very happy.

After

Before

As soon As

When

While

If/ until

By the time

وضارع بضيط وضارع تا

صيغة مستقبل

Will+inf (Be) going to مستقبل مستمر(Will be+V-ing) مستقبل تام(Will have+P.P)

UNIT ❹

-1 فعــن Who/ That فاعن عاقن

Who/ That وفعوه عاقن

Whom -2 فاعن

غير نعاق

Which

That -3 فعن / فاعن

-4 إصي ممموك Whose إصي والك

جممة تبدأ بفاعنWhere وكانفعن يحتاج حزف جز حزف الجز يكون وضتتر

5-

Which

That

إذا لم تخكل أحد ر طتدد ايػسط

جممة تبدأ بفاعنWhen سوانفعن يحتاج حزف جز حزف الجز يكون وضتتر

6-

Which

That

إذا لم تخكل أحد ر طتدد ايػسط

علاقة ضنائس الىصل بحسوف -① الجس

غير عاقإض

عاقإض دس حسف

Whom

Which

حرف ضنائس الىصل -②

Who Which Whom That

يحذف بلا تأثير فعن+فاعن

V-ing = فعن وبنى لمىعمو

لمىحووه وبنى فعن = P.P

●None / only / all /

●صؼ ايتفط ايعا ع اض غير ايعاق

●many/ few/ much/ little/ every(thing)

●some(thing)/ any(thing)/ no(thing)

خاصــ١ حالات -③

What تأت٢ ف٢ أ الج١

يظ اض طبك فع أ ضير

أ طبك فع تف بالمع٢

Why=

For which

reasonتأت٢ قب ن١

3 MR. Mohammed Samy


Distributivesع: ـاظ التىشيــألف ❶- All: (ن / جمع) (ثلاثة أو أكثر)

All (of) فع فسد اض لا عد +

فع جمـع اض جمـع +

●All Mona’s money is at home. ●All the books were new.

●All children. (Not: all of children) ●All of Them. (Not: all them)= They all

❷- Both: ( نلا) (مجموعة من إثنين)

Both (of) + اض جمـع فع جمـع

●Both (of) Ali's parents are abroad.

Both…….and

●Both Omar and Ahmed are my friends.

●Both cars. (Not: Both of cars) ●Both of us. (Not: Both us)= We both

كضنير فاعل, أى يأتى بعدا ( Both) أ طتدديمه ● (ofمعا ) طتددفعل )وفى ره الحالة لا

●I met Ali and Omar. Both were happy. ❸- Half: (صف)

Half (of) فع فسد اض فسد أ لا عد +

فع جمـع اض جمـع +

●Half (of) the book is boring. ●Half (of) my friends have cars. ●Half (of) the cheese is on the table.

Half

(ofتطتدد ع تعبيرات ايه١ بد )Half (an hour/a kilo/a metre/….)

:لاحغ ايتعبير ايتالى

جمع اض + and a half + عدد

We lived in Cairo for one and

a half years. ❹- Each / Every: ( + فسد ن )

Each

Every فع فسد اض فسد +

Each (one) of

Every one of فع فسد جمـعاض +

●Each new day is different ●Every car in the city causes pollution. ●Each (one) / Every one of the boys was

given a book.

ايفسم بين (Each) و(Every)

Each ① ( تطتدد بعداof): Each of + فسد فع +اض جمع لذدد

●Each of my parents was abroad. ② :تػير إلى ن فسد ف٢ المجع١ ع٢ حد٠ ●Each student sang a song.

تػير إلى أ عدد أفساد المجع١ إثين: ③ )كل واحد غنى أغنية مختلفة (●Each of my parents has a car. ③ :لا أت٢ قبا ايعسف

(Nearly / almost/single/ Not) ●Not each ●Nearly each ④ )ي يمه أ تطتدد نطير )بعد فع /

ممه ضبكت بإض جمع أت٢ بعدا فع جمع / : تطتدد ف٢ آخس الج١

●There are 2 rooms. Each is different.

●The girls each have been married.

●I gave the boys one Dollar each.

Every ① لا( تطتدد بعداof) : ●Every of…. ② ( تػير إلى المجع١ نه All= :) ●Every student sang the song.

: ثلاث١ أ أنجسع١ تػير إلى أ عدد أفساد المج ③ )كل التلاميذ غنوا أغنية واحدة (●Every player must attend the training ④ :أت٢ قبا ايعسف

(Nearly / almost/single/ Not) ●Not Every... ●Almost Every... ⑤ تطتدد ف٢ لاتطتدد نطير )بعد فع( / لا

تطتدد ع ايفترات ايص١ يتهساز: ⑥ Every was…● آخس الج١:●Every (10 minutes / day/ 2 months..)

❺- Either: (أا ا) (مجموعة من إثنين)

Either + فسداض فسدفع

Either of + جمع/ ضيراض فسد أ جمعفع

●Either book has the data you want. ●Either of her parents is (are) helpful.

Either….Or…: أ... إا...

إذا زبطت بين فاعين, فإ ايفع بعدا تبع ايفاع ايجا٢ )الأقسب(:

●Either Ali or his friends are going to

come. انفعم جمع لأن انفاعم انثاو جمع طا(( ف٢ ا١ الج١ بمع٢ )أEitherتطتدد )●

●He didn't travel. I didn’t either. (أيضا)

❻- Neither: (لا أ٣ ا) (مجموعة من إثنين)

Neither + فسداض فسدفع

Neither

of

+ جمع/ ضيراض فسد أ جمعفع

●Neither answer is correct. ●Neither of my parents was/were at home

Neither….Nor…: لا... لا...

إذا زبطت بين فاعين, فإ ايفع بعدا تبع ايفاع ايجا٢ )الأقسب(:

●Neither Ali nor the kids were ill.

يافك١ ع٢ الج١ المف١ ( Neitherتطتدد )● بمع٢ )لا أا أطا(: تته نايتالى:

●A: Ali doesn't play. B: Neither do I.

So/ Such/ Enough/ Too

The cake is so nice that I'll eat it all.

I have so many pens.

I have so little money.

He is such a tall boy that…. They are such good girls that…. It is such expensive furniture that….

I have such a lot of money/ books.

(Enough( بعد ) +Forيمه اضتددا )فع●This puzzle is easy enough for a child

to solve.

( عا أطا: +Forيمه اضتددا )فع●This book's too boring for me to read

المب٢ يذــ :Passive +فع(Be+ P.P)ته المب٢ يذ ●

( ع٢ حطب ن ش ع ساعا٠ Beتصسف ) ايهات المطتدد١ ع ن ش:

المطازع ايبطط

فع+ (am-is-are) + P.P

Usually/always/sometimes often /rarely/every day…

These goods are sold every day.

المطازع المطتس

فع+ (am-is-are)+Being + P.P

At the moment/ now/ still/ at the present time/currently Look! / Listen!

Currently, my car is being repaired.

UNIT ❺

Of ..The/My/aلاش بعدا لذددات:

لاش تطتدد ي بعدا ضير فعYou-them-us





لا تطتدد ع تعبيرات ايه١

Neither + فاع + فع طاعد جبت

UNIT ❻

So + صف١/ ظسف + That + جم١

a/an+ فسد عد اض + صف١

Such+ That اض لا عد / جمـع + صفـ١

So+ Much/Little + That + اض لا عد So+ Many/Few + That + جمعاض

Such+ a lot of + That + عد عد /لااض

صدز + Enough to + صف١/ ظسف

Too + صفــ١ ض١٦ + To + صـدز

UNIT ❼&❽

4 MR. Mohammed Samy


الماض٢ ايبطط

فع+ (Was/Were)+ P.P

Yesterday/last (week..)/ ago/ once the other day/ in the past/in 1989 when I was/ how long ago..?

My homework was done last night.

الماض٢ المطتس

فع+ (Was/Were)+ Being+ P.P

While/ as/just as/ at + فتزة ماض I waited while my car was being fixed.

المطازع ايتا/ المطتس

فع+ (Have/Has)+ Been+ P.P

Since/For/ just/lately/recently/ Already/ever/never/ yet/ so far/ Over+ فتزة / It's the first time

The dishes haven't been washed yet.

الماض٢ ايتا/ المطتس

فع+ Had + Been + P.P

After/ As soon As/ When/ until/ Before/ By the time/ By+ فتزة ماض

Before I came, the car had been bought.

الأفعا )غب(

ص١اياق

فع+ اياقص ايفع + Be + P.P

Must/May/should/might/could can/ought to/ will/ would/ have to (be)going to/ 'd rather/ used to/ Need to / had better…

My room is going to be cleaned.

:أفعا ايك ايتفهير تب٢ يذ بطسكتين

It is known that Ali plays well.

Ali is known to play well.

He was thought to have committed

a crime yesterday.

ي ممه ايصف ايجا٢ الج١ تب٢ يذ أطا● :تطب المع٢ , برا ايػه

Ali is known to be helped by his friend.

Ali was known to have been attacked by

thieves last week.

لاحعات

أت٢ بعدا ( make/see/hear/help)الأفعا ايتاي١ ●, يه عد ايبا٤ يذ (to)فع ث صدز بد

: (to) طتددتHer mother made him clean the room.

He was made to clean his room.

( being+ P.P)طتدد ( V+ ing) المتبع١ بالأفعا●تح (to+ infعد ايتخ يب٢ يذ المتبع١ ب )

:(To be + P.Pإلى )I hate people deceiving me. → I hate being deceived.

I want people to respect me. → I want to be respected.

٢ يذ, ممه ضا٥س ايص ي بعدا فع ب● :(P.P) حرفا ضع

Novels written (= which were written) by

Yahia Haqqi, were very interesting

جم١ ايطبب١ : Causative

: تته )ف٢ صػ١ المب٢ يع( نايتالى●

المفع لأد

+ Have+ فع عاق + المصـدز + Get + فع عاق + To + المصـدز

طبكا يص ( Have/get)ع لاحع١ تصسف الأفعا ● :المطتدد ف٢ الج١ ايهات المطتدد١

●Ali is having a mechanic fix the car now ●Ali is getting a mechanic to fix the car.

: تته )ف٢ صػ١ المب٢ يذ( نايتالى●المفع لأد

+ Have ير عاقفع غ + P.P + Get

●Ali has/ gets his car fixed by a mechanic ف٢ حاي١ ايطؤا طتدد ايفع المطاعد يص الج١ :●

●When does Ali have his car fixed? ●When has Ali got his car fixed?

(V+ing)يته صػ١ ايطبب١ ا●( + To صدزيتها ) الم( (Havingطتدد

:(To have)طتدد She likes cleaning her house. ►She likes having her house cleaned. She'd like to clean her house. ►She'd like to have her house cleaned.

ايهلا المباغس غير المباغس

- ع فع ايك ايتعا:

1-Ali……….. they will help if they can. a- said b- say c- says d- tells 2-My daughter……….. her teacher had

given her a reward that day. a- agreed b- told c- said d- complained 3-He admitted .......... his brother's watch. a) will break b) break c) breaking d) had broken 4-He……………..that he had stolen his

father's money. a) said to b) admitted c) persuaded d) promised 5-Mary………..Jane for not going to her

wedding a) suggested b) denied c) blamed d) complained

- أش١ الج١ع ايتعا:

1-He said that he……. Tired. a- has been b- had been c- will be d- is being إذا نا اى أنجس اض٢, فطتذد إغاز٠ ش١ ②

داي١ ع٢ ش عين, أ المع٢ ضضح ايص: الماض٢ المطتس

Was/Were+ V-ing

●Then ●at the moment

الماض٢ ايتا/ المطتس

Had+ P.P Had+ been+ V-ing

●The day before ●The previous… ●Earlier ●Since/For

●Would + المصدز ●Was/Were going to + المصدز ●Was/Were+ V-ing

●Promised.. ●The next ●The following.. ●the day after

2-Hagar said that she…………her homework the night before.

a- does b- was doing c- had done d- did 3-Ali has just told Ahmed that

he….. his homework . a- did b- has done c- had done d- was doing 4-The teacher said that New York…....

bigger than Cairo. a- was b- is being c- has been d- is

- ع فع ايك ايتعا: 1-He.........how many cakes I had eaten

the previous day. a) wanted to know b) inquires c) asks d) told

- آدا٠ ايسبطع ايتعا:

2-We asked..........her dog was friendly or dangerous.

a) that b) whether c) how long d) what 3-Sarah asked.........we wanted to have

for lunch. a) that b) what c) why d) whether

①It + يذ ب٢ + (that)+ فع + فاع….

يذ ب٢ + فاع② + To+ صدز

To+ have +P.P

يذ ب٢ + فاع② + To + Be + P.P

To+have been+P.P

UNIT ❾

UNIT ❿➀➁

الخبر١ الج١ -①

Told+ فع said : فعلا أت٢ بعدا said to + فع: يه ايهلا ه باغس

,المه أ ه فع ايك أحد ر الأفعا (: + That( أ )جمـTo +inf١أت٢ بعد )

Promised-offered-advised-threatened-

refused-reminded-agreed-decided…

أ ه فع ايك أحد ر الأفعا, أت٢ بعد(ing-Vجمـ١( That+ :) Recommended( أ

Denied-admitted-suggest/ apologized for

إذا نا فع ايك خازج الأقاع اض٢ , تح ① الأش١ داخ الأقاع يصز٠ الماض٢.

الحالات ايتاي١: الأقاع ف٢ الأش١ داخ لا نح③ إذا نا فع ايك خازج الأقاع طازع/ طتكب.●إذا نا فع ايك خازج الأقاع اض٢ يه ذنس ●

ع أحد ايهات ايتاي١ ايت٢ تد ع٢ أ ايفع .حدخ ر فتر٠ قصير٠

(Just now/ a (short time)moment ago) كك١ إذا نات الج١ داخ الأقاع تعبر ع ح●

ع١ أ عادات تهسز٠. ( ايصفس١ ايجا١ ايجايج١.Ifع حالات )●

الإضتفا١ الج١ -②

Asked+ أ بد فع فع Wondered/Inquired/ had no idea

wanted to know / + بد فع

:سبط الج١ الإضتفا١ بـ● ●(If / Whether / الإضتفا آدا٠ )

:( If & Whether)ايفسم بين : ● (.orإذا دا٤ بعدا ) (Whether) نم إلى اضتددا

5 MR. Mohammed Samy


ش تسنب الج١ داخ الأقاعع ايتعا 1-They asked if .............Toronto before.

a) had we visited b) we have visited

c) we had visited d) have we visited

2-The judge asked Karam how long.........

the accused.

a) he is knowing b) he was knowing

c) he would know d) he had known

لا تظ أ أفعا ايتفهير المػاعس ايتو الحاع ● .الإضتساز لا تطتدد ف٢ أش١

3-The policeman asked me if………..my

driving license.

a) I had( لأن أصهها كانdo you have) b) had

c) I have d) I had had

4-He asked me just now if.......the football

match on channel 2.

a) I will watch b) will I watch

c) I watching d) I would watch

جم١ غير باغس٠ ( can/could you tell me) بعد● .يه فعا طازع

5-Can you tell me where………….?

a) the manager is b) is the manager

c) was the manager d) the manager was

6-He…… if he was ill, he'd see a doctor. a) asked b) said

c) told d) ordered

- آدا٠ ايسبط ع فع ايك ايتعا /:

١. با ( يفNot to( يذ١ المجبت١ )toسبط ب )● ( يلأس المباغسDon't +infتطتدد )

ايتالىلاحغ ●

Recommended

Suggested

+ V-ing صدز + فاع +

صدز +Should + فاع +

1-Her mother suggested that......... and see

the doctor.

a) she go b) she goes

c) her to go d) going

2-The teacher.........him not to talk during

the test.

a) offered b) instructed

c) said d) encouraged

3-He advised me .................her anything.

a) not to lend b) not lending

c) don’t lend d) didn’t lend 4-She..................me to go to the party.

a) complained b) advised

c) invited d) said

Gerund & Infinitive

- تبعا بيرات تعلدع١ أفعا(to+ inf):

Agree افل Hope أ

arrange ستب Intend ٣

Advise صح Learn تع

Allow طح Manage ته

Decide كسز Offer عسض

Expect تقع Plan يخطط يـ

Promise عد Refuse سفض

Want سد Prepare عد

afford تخ فكات attempt ايح

It's + صف١ + to +inf.. The first/The last/ the only + to +inf Would(like/love/prefer/hate)+ to+ inf

- تبعا تعبيرات لدع١ أفعا(ing+ V): Admit عترف ب Spend كط٢

Avoid تذب Put off ؤد

Enjoy طتتع ب postpone ؤد

Mind يماع Practise يمازع

Deny هس Keep اص

Quit كع ع/ترى Finish ٢ Look forward to تطع يـ

(Be) (get) used to عتاد ع٢

In addition to بالإضاف١ يـ

Thanks to / Due to/Owing to بفط

(Be) opposed to عازض يـ

Object to عترض ع٢

Contribute to ط ف٢

(Be) worth طتخل

(Be) busy ..ه ػػ ف٢

It's no (good) (help) لا فا٥د٠ It's no use لا فا٥د٠

I feel like أغعس بسغب١ ف٢

Can't help/ stand لا طتطع ع

Can't stand لا تخ

It's a waste of time (money)

اا طع١ يقت/الما

Have difficulty in صعب١ ف٢ يجد

- تبعا أفعا(ing+ V) (To+inf) :بفسم ف٢ المع٢

Stop To +inf تقف يه٢ فع غ٧

V+ ing تقف ع فع ايػ٧

Forget To +inf ط أ فع غ٧

V+ ing ط أ فع ايػ٧

Remember To +inf ترنس أ فع غ٧

V+ ing ترنس أ فع غ٧

Regret To +inf أضف أ ضفع غ٧ V+ ing اد أ فع ايػ٧

Go on To +inf تك إلى

V+ ing طتس ف٢ فع ايػ٧

Try To +inf يحا دادا أ

V+ ing يجسب س٣ ايتذ١

- تبعا المصدز فكط بدتعبيرات أفعا(To)

Let + طح يـ صدز +فع Make + يجع صدز +فع Would rather الأفط أ

Had better بػ٢ أ

Help + فع+ (to)طاعد صدز

- الأفعا ايتاي١ ا١لاحع :(to+ inf) إذادا٤ بعدا فع أ نات ب١ يذ, أا

:(V+ ing)إذا لم أت٢ بعدا فع تتبع بـ

Suggest كترح Advise صح

Allow طح يـ Recommend ص٢ ب

Permit طح يـ encourage ػذع

Forbid يمع

He advised buying a new car. He advised me to buy a new car. I was advised to buy a new car.

Necessity-①: الإيصا/ايطسز٠

))الإيصا ايطسز٠ ف٢ المطازع ))يجب

Must+ صدز Need to+ صدز

Have/Has to+ صدز

Have/Has got to + صدز

It's necessary for….to + صدز

كص ايطسز٠ ف٢ المطازع ))يظ ادبا أ((

(Don't/ Doesn't) have to+ صدز

(Don't/ Doesn't) need to+ صدز

Needn't + صدز

It isn't necessary for….to + زصد

(Must( )Have toايفسم بين )

Have /Has to Must

تعبر ع إيصا خازد٢ -1 )ضط١/ ١٦ أع٢(

تعبر ع إيصا داخ٢ -1 )ػاعس المتخدخ(

ايكاين بػه خاص-2 )لأغداص لذدد٠(

ايكاين بػه عا-2 )يه اياع(

يصخ١ ايك١ -3 ايدع٠ بػد٠ -4 ايترنير -5

1-The museum is free. You……...pay to get in.

a) don’t have to b) mustn’t c) can’t d) doesn’t need to 2-Do you..........wear a uniform at your

school? a) have got b) must

c) need d) have to

الج١ الإضتفا١ بعد ايتخ نايتالى: تته If

+ فاعــ +

فع ف٢ أش١ الماض٢, اعدا الحالات ايػاذ٠

المرنز٠ ضابكاWhether آدا٠ الإضتفا

الأسـ١ الج١ -③

:تخ فع ايك ف٢ الج١ الأس١ إلى Told-asked-invited-begged

ordered -advised-warned-

encouraged-expected-

Threatened-instructed

to + فع +

(not to)+inf

UNIT➂

UNIT ➃

6 MR. Mohammed Samy


الماض٢ ))نا يجب((الإيصا ايطسز٠ ف٢

Had to+ صدز Needed to + صدز

It was necessary for….to + صدز

كص ايطسز٠ ف٢ الماض٢ ))لم ه ضسزا أ((

Didn't have to+ صدز (لم فع ايػ٧)

Didn't need to+ صدز (لم فع ايػ٧)

Needn't have +P.P ( بفع ايػ٧قا )

It wasn't necessary for….to + صدز

))الإيصا ايطسز٠ ف٢ المطتكب ))ضف يجب

Must+ صدز Will have to + صدز

Will need to + صدز

It will be necessary for….to + صدز

كص ايطسز٠ ف٢ المطتكب ))ي ه ضسزا أ((

Won't have to + صدز

Won't need to + صدز

It won't be necessary for….to + صدز

Prohibition-②التخسيـه:

ايترنير تطتدد لأ٣ ضسز أ لرايف١ قاين عا١Mustn't + صدز Can't + صدز

اى بعض ايتعبيرات تد ع٢ ايتخس

It's(forbidden/banned/prohibited/

not allowed/ not permitted / against

the law / dangerous) to + صدز

Deduction-①: الاستيتاج

)أند( دزد١ ايتأند )بالإيجاب(

الماض٢ المطازعMust+ صدز

أند )ه/فع..(

Must+ have+ P.P أند )نا/فع..(

)دزد١ ايتأند )بايف٢( )أند لا

الماض٢ المطازعCan't + صدز

(ه/فعأند لا )

Can't+ have+ P.P أند لم )ه/فع..(

تعبيرات تػير إلى ايتأند

I'm sure / I'm certain / Surely /

Certainly / Definitely / impossible

)دزد١ عد ايتأند )زبما

الماض٢ المطازعMay

صـدز +

May

+ Have+ P.P Might Might

Could Could

تعبيرات تػير إلى عد ايتأند

I'm not(certain) sure/likely/maybe

Perhaps/expect/possible/I don't think

I have no idea/ I don't know

-② اليصخــة واللــىو

Should (not) ايصخ١ المصــدز +

Ought (not) to :ايتعبيرات ايداي١ ع٢ ايصخ١

It's advisable. You'd better + inf. It's desirable. You'd rather + inf. If I were you, I'd + inf. I advise you to + inf. It would be a good idea to + inf.

ـاي Should (not) + Have + P.P

Ought (not) to

-① :Conditionalsت الشسط حالا

-② ل حـالات الشـسطبدائـ

●Providing(that) ●Provided(that) ●On condition(that) ●As(so) long as

●Only if ●In case

تطتدد نبدا٥ (If يها غير )

غا٥ع١ ف٢ الحاي١ ايجايج١.

جم١( )أت٢ بعدا

●Supposing

●Suppose

●Imagine(that)

( Ifتطتدد نبدا٥ )يه الحالات )أت٢ بعدا جم١( تأت٢ غايبا ف٢

حاي١ ايطؤاEx/Imagine (that) you found a job in

Cairo, what would you do?

●Unless= Except if + جم١ جبت١

( تد ع٢ ايػسط المفIf + not٢)تطا٣ :إذا لم●

●Without/ But for + (V-ing ( إض/

تد ع٢ ايػسط المف٢ :بد/ يلا●

●In case of + (V-ing ( إض/

تد ع٢ ايػسط المجبت :ف٢ حايـ١●

●Should he play well, he will win.

●Should he go early, he would catch the train.

●Had he a car, he would arrive fast.

UNIT ➄

( لاحغ أCould have + P.P:لها عين ) (:نا المه أ( أ )زبما نا)

1-Ali could have left his keys at home. 2-He could have done the job but he

didn't (كان مه انممكه أن) ( فاCouldn't have + P.P :عاا )

(أ المطتخنا )

المه أ ه غه الإضتتاج نايتالى

: يدلاي١ ع٢ الإضتسازMust /May/Can't

Might/Could Be + V-ing

Have been + V-ing

●He must have been studying all night.

UNIT ➅ + ➇

⓿If (When)+ بطط طازع بطط طازع

تطتدد يخكا٥ل ايع١ ايعادات ايجابت١ (…usually-always-oftet) )ع ايهات

●If you heat ice, it melts.

●If he uses the computer, it always

gives him a headache.

Will/Can May/Should Must/Have to

+If❶ صدز+ بطط طازع

تطتدد ر الحاي١ يتعبير ع غ٤ لذت الحدخ ف٢ المطازع أ المطتكب:

1-If he studies well, he will succeed.

يمه أ يحرف داب ايػسط طتبد بفع أس :( + Don't/ Never)صدز( أ )صدز

2-Don't spend that money if you don't have any left.

Would Could Might

+ If❷ صدز+ بطط اض٢

تطتدد ر الحاي١ يتعبير ع غ٤ غير لذت أ ف٢ المطازع أ المطتكب: طتخ الحدخ

●If he went early, he would catch the bus.

الماض٢ ف٢ ر الحاي١ اض٢ غير حكك٢, يمه ( ع ايفاع المفسد:Was( بدلا )Wereاضتددا )

●If I were you, I would...= You should…

Would Could Might

+Have+ P.P ❸If+ تا اض٢

Had+P.P

تطتدد ر الحاي١ يتعبير ع غ٤ طتخالحدخ ف٢ الماض٢ لأ تم بػه عين )تعبر ع

ايد ايعتاب(:

●If he had studied, he would have succeeded.

ر الحاي١ تطتدد ع نات الماض٢ ج: (yesterday/last../ago… (

بدا٥ يه الحالات -⓿

- ايسابط : لاحع١(يـ تحطبا:In case) ف٢ تعبر ع (If) يختف في المع٢ قلا ع

أا ضك ظاب ايػسط في ن الأحا :تحطبا يقع فع ايػسط

1-Chain your bike……….it is stolen. a) in case b) should c) if d) without

بدا٥ الحاي١ الألى -❶

Will Can May…

+Inf ❶Should+ صـدز + فاع

بدا٥ الحاي١ ايجا١ -❷

Would Could Might

+Inf ❶Should+ صدز+فاع

Would Could Might

+Inf ❷Had+ إض ممى+فاع

7 MR. Mohammed Samy


●Were he a carpenter, he could fix the window.

●Were he tall, he could play basketball. ●Were she to sleep early, she wouldn't be

tired.

عاا )يلا/بد( تد ع٢ ايػسط المف٢●

●If it weren't for his car, he wouldn't come early.

●Had he studied well, he would have got the full mark.

عاا )يلا/بد( تد ع٢ ايػسط المف٢●

●If it hadn't been for training hard, he

wouldn't have won the race.

(I Wish/If Only)-①ودواليالتنيى

.يتعبير ع ايت٢ عد بايص دزد١ يدف ايتعبير ع أ١ ف٢ المطتكب

I wish I / We Could+ المصدز If only باق٢ ايطا٥س Would+ المصدز

لاحعات

:ايهات ايداي١ ع٢ المطتكب (soon/next../tomorrow/in the future)

( باق٢ ايطا٥س قد تطتدد عاWould يتعبير ) ( يتعبير ع تم٢ ايكدز٠ Couldع تم٢ ايسغب١ أ )

I wish he could play harder.(طتطع) I wish he would play harder.(ضف)

( لا طتددwould إذا نا ايفاع قب بعد ) (I wish/If onlyاحد )

He wishes he would…

ايتعبير ع أ١ ف٢ المطـازع

I wish

If only فاع

(ايتصسف ايجا٢) اض٢ بطط اض٢ طتس

(was/were+v-ing) لاحعات

:ايهات ايداي١ ع٢ المطازع (now-at the moment-at the present..)

He doesn't have a car.

=He wishes he had a car.

( يمه اضتدداwas( بدلا )were)

ع أ١ ف٢ الماض٢ايتعبير

I wish

If only فاع

(Had+P.P) اض٢ تا

Could have+ P.P

لاحعات

الماض٢ايهات ايداي١ ع٢: (Yesterday/last../ago/regret +V-ing..

When I was / the previous..)

I regret wasting my time.

=I wish I hadn't wasted my time.

ف( ٢ حاي١ دد جمتين تعا عا نخالاتIf)

I wish

If only

Would+ inf اض٢ بطط +

Would have+ P.P اض٢ تا +

●If only he had practised well, he would have won the race.

used to + inf + فاع عاق ①

اض٢ )إعتاد أ(: تعبر ع عاد٠ نات دد٠ ف٢ الم يهت اتت ف٢ ايقت الحاضس

Did he use to..? (ايطؤا) He didn't use to… (ايف٢) He used to smoke but now he

doesn't.

used to play = no longer plays.

= doesn't play anymore / any longer

② + used to (am-is-are) + فاع عاق

V-ing

عتاد أ(: تعبر ع عاد٠ اشايت ف٢ ايقت الحاضس(

He is used to smoking . ③

used (am-is-are) + فع )غير عاق(

(to + inf) / (for + V-ing)

(طتدد ف٢ :)صػ١ ب٢ يذ

A saw is used to cut wood with.

دزدــ١ ايتطــا-①

…As + صف١ / ظسف + as…

He is as tall as Ali.

He walks as slowly as a turtle. دزدــ١ المكاز١-②

صف١ قصير٠ صف١ ط١

More/less+صف١+ than ..صف١+er + than

More helpful than.. Taller than…

دزدــ١ ايتفط ايعـا-③

صف١ قصير٠ صف١ ط١The Most/Least+صف١ The+صف١+est

The most expensive. The tallest

I would rather + اض٢ بطط + فاع

●I'd rather he studied now. The + كاز١, The+ نا..نا :كاز١

●The more you study, the higher marks you will get.

( لاحغ أV-ingقد ه فاع لج١ نا١ ) ●….. reading enriches knowledge, you

should read a lot. a- In case of b- If c- Without d- Unless

لاحغ طسك١ إختاز حسف الجس ع ضا٥س ايصتعتد ع٢ ايفع المدد ف٢ الج١ ايجا١ ع

ايه١ ايت٢ عد ضير ايص عا.1-The age, ……she learnt reading and

writing was 50 years old. (at which) 2-Tomorrow, I'm going to a meeting

......we're going to discuss women's role in society. (at which)

3-The plan, ……we depended so much didn't succeed. (on which)

4-"Prisoner of Zenda" is a story…… there's a conflict of power. (in which)

5-She asked me where I had been,........ I replied, "It's a secret". (to which) (ها/قص١/كا/نتاب) (In which)

(meeting-age-height) (at which) (mean / ض١ اصلات) (by which)

(apologize) (for which) (reply- travel+ ها) (to which)

(talk/ tall) (about which)

لاحغ أ اى بعض الأفعا لها فظ غهالإض, إذا اضتددت نإض طتدد عا ضير

( يه١ , عسف أا اض بأ Whoseايص ) أت٢ بعدا فع آخس.

1-Shakespeare,........plays(طسحات) are

well-known worldwide, is a great playwright.

a- who b- whose c- whom d- which

2-We all admire the writer…......are bestsellers.

a- who works b- which works c- whose works d- where works

3-We’ll give a prize to the company ………..are good.

a- which exports b- who exports c- whose exports d- where exports

4-The guests ……….. stay(إقا١) ended

should leave the hotel a- who b- whose c- whom d- which

Everyday + صف١ عاا ٢ : إض

Every day : ظسف عا ن

some/any/no/every (one-body) : تعا فسد ع ايفع/ تعا جمع ع ايطير

●Everyone is here. They are all happy.

Would Could Might

+Inf ❸Were+ فاع+

ــإض

صفـ١

To+Inf

Would Could Might

❹If it weren't for(n/v-ing) + inf

بدا٥ الحاي١ ايجايج١ -❸

Would Could Might

❶Had+ فاع+P.P +Have+P.P

Would Could Might

If it hadn't

been for ❷ +

إض V-ing

Have+P.P

UNIT ➆

Extra Notes

❶- Used To

مكازىـة الصفـات -❷

أضأيه بالله ايدعا٤. فع الله با به

Documents

Grammar Summary ٣ْٛاجيا حياجيا فصيا دعاٛق صدًَ